<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-4-34-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Деформация левого предсердия как дополнительный параметр оценки диастолической дисфункции у лиц молодого возраста с метаболическим синдромом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Left atrial strain as an additional parameter for assessing diastolic dysfunction in young adults with metabolic syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-1942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бартош-Зеленая</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bartosh-Zelenaya</surname><given-names>S. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бартош-Зеленая Светлана Юрьевна - д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры функциональной диагностики.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, Сестрорецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Bartosh-Zelenaya - DMedSci, Professor.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">S.Bartosh-Zelenaya@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-6300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новиков Владимир Игоревич - д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой функциональной диагностики.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, Сестрорецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Novikov - DMedSci, Professor, head of the Department of Functional Diagnostics.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.novikov@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7141-0586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанова Виктория Викторовна - врач отделения функциональной диагностики, aспирант 4-го года кафедры функциональной диагностики.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, Сестрорецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria Stepanova - specialist of functional diagnostics department, Graduate student of Functional Diagnostics.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vikkistepanova16@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4443-5797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Наталья Евгеньевна - врач отделения функциональной диагностики.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, Сестрорецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya Pavlova - specialist of functional diagnostics department.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavlovane@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4722-6950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамаева</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamaeva</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мамаева Ольга Петровна - к.м.н., заведующая отделением функциональной диагностики.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, Сестрорецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Mamaeva - Candidate of Medical Sciences, chief of functional diagnostics department.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mopetrovna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-2792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scherbak</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербак Сергей Григорьевич - д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой последипломного образования Медицинского факультета Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета, главный врач.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, Сестрорецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei Sherbak - MD, PhD, DMedSci, Professor, head of Postgraduate Medical education, chief physician.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b40@zdrav.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University by I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова»; СПб ГБУЗ, «Городская больница № 40 Курортного района»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University by I.I. Mechnikov; State hospital № 40</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ, «Городская больница № 40 Курортного района»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State hospital № 40</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ, «Городская больница № 40 Курортного района»; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State hospital № 40; St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Современная функциональная диагностика (1)</issue-title><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бартош-Зеленая С.Ю., Новиков В.И., Степанова В.В., Павлова Н.Е., Мамаева О.П., Щербак С.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бартош-Зеленая С.Ю., Новиков В.И., Степанова В.В., Павлова Н.Е., Мамаева О.П., Щербак С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bartosh-Zelenaya S.Y., Novikov V.I., Stepanova V.V., Pavlova N.E., Mamaeva O.P., Scherbak S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4285">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4285</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью этой статьи является оценка параметров деформации левого предсердия (ЛП) в 2D и 4D-режиме и выявление ранних маркеров диастолической дисфункции у лиц молодого возраста (от 18 до 44 лет) с впервые установленным клинико-лабораторным диагнозом метаболический синдром (МС) согласно критериям Международной федерации диабетологов (IDF). Всем обследуемым для исследования структурно-функциональных изменений миокарда проводилась трансторакальная ЭхоКГ с оценкой деформации ЛП в 2Dи 4D-режиме. В работе определяли маркеры дисфункции ЛП с помощью технологии Speckle tracking, а также исследовали взаимосвязи между основными компонентами МС и эхокардиографическими показателями. С помощью сравнительного анализа в основной группе были выявлены статистически более низкие значения деформации ЛП во время резервуарной и кондуитной фазы в 2D-режиме по сравнению с группой контроля. Деформация ЛП во время резервуарной фазы (LASr) в 2D в сочетании со стандартными параметрами диастолической функции левого желудочка, такими как LASr/(VE/e’сред.), VE/LASr также имели значимые различия у лиц с МС. Такие компоненты МС, как ожирение (индекс массы тела, окружность талии), артериальная гипертензия (повышенное систолическое артериальное давление), дислипидемия (гипертриглицеридемия) и гликемия имели умеренные отрицательные корреляционные связи с LASr ЛП в 2D при выделении группы пациентов с деформацией ЛП во время резервуарной фазы менее 43,5%, полученной на основании нижнего квартиля здоровых лиц.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this article is to evaluate the parameters of left atrial (LA) strain in 2D and 4D modes and to identify early markers of diastolic dysfunction in young subjects (aged 18 to 44) with the first clinical and laboratory diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) according to the criteria of the International Federation of Diabetologists (IDF). All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiography (EchoCG) to study structural and functional changes in the myocardium, with an assessment of LA strain in 2D and 4D modes. In the work we determined markers of LV dysfunction using Speckle tracking technology, and also investigated correlations between the main components of MS and echocardiographic parameters. Using comparative analysis, the main group showed statistically lower values of LА strain during reservoir and conduit phases in 2D-mode compared to the control group. LА strain during the reservoir phase (LASr) in 2D combined with standard parameters of left ventricular diastolic function such as LASr/(VE/e’mean), VE/LASr also had significant differences in subjects with MS. Components of MS such as obesity (body mass index, waist circumference), arterial hypertension (elevated systolic blood pressure), dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia) and glycemia had moderate negative correlations with LASr in 2D when identifying a group of patients with LA strain during the reservoir phase of less than 43.5%, based on the lower quartile of healthy individuals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>эхокардиография</kwd><kwd>спекл-трекинг-эхокардиография</kwd><kwd>диастолическая дисфункция</kwd><kwd>деформация левого предсердия во время резервуарной фазы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>echocardiography</kwd><kwd>speckle-tracking echocardiography</kwd><kwd>diastolic dysfunction</kwd><kwd>left atrium strain during reservoir phas</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алехин М.Н. Двухмерная спекл-трекинг-эхокардиография для оценки деформации миокарда и камер сердца / Алехин М.Н. / Учебное пособие. Издательский дом Видар. – М., 2022. – 112 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekhin M.N. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography for assessment of myocardial strain and heart chambers /Alekhin M.N./ A textbook. Vidar Publishing House. – М., 2022. – 112 s. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алехин М.Н., Калинин А.О. Диастолическая функция левого желудочка: значение глобальной продольной деформации левого предсердия // Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика. 2020. № 3. С. 91–104. doi: 10.24835/1607-0771-2020-3-91-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekhin M.N., Kalinin A.O. Left ventricular diastolic function: value of left atrial global longitudinal strain. Ultrasound and functional diagnostics. 2020;(3):91–104 (in Russ.) DOI:10.24835/1607-0771-2020-3-91-104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P., Shaw, J. (2006). Metabolic syndrome – а new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabetic Medicine: a Journal of the British Diabetic Association, 23(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P., Shaw, J. (2006). Metabolic syndrome – а new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabetic Medicine: a Journal of the British Diabetic Association, 23(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badano, L. P., Kolias, T. J., Muraru, D., Abraham, T. P., Aurigemma, G., Edvardsen, T., D’Hooge, J., Donal, E., Fraser, A. G., Marwick, T., Mertens, L., Popescu, B. A., Sengupta, P. P., Lancellotti, P., Thomas, J. D., Voigt, J.-U., Industry representatives, Reviewers: This document was reviewed by members of the 2016–2018 EACVI Scientific Documents Committee. (2018). Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: A consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging, 19(6),591–600. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jey042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badano, L. P., Kolias, T. J., Muraru, D., Abraham, T. P., Aurigemma, G., Edvardsen, T., D’Hooge, J., Donal, E., Fraser, A. G., Marwick, T., Mertens, L., Popescu, B. A., Sengupta, P. P., Lancellotti, P., Thomas, J. D., Voigt, J.-U., Industry representatives, Reviewers: This document was reviewed by members of the 2016–2018 EACVI Scientific Documents Committee. (2018). Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: A consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging, 19(6),591–600. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jey042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brecht A., Oertelt-Prigione, S., Seeland, U., Rücke, M., Hättasch, R., Wagelöhner, T., Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Baumann, G., Knebel, F., Stangl, V. (2016). Left Atrial Function in Preclinical Diastolic Dysfunction: Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Results from the BEFRI Trial. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 29(8), 750–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.03.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brecht A., Oertelt-Prigione, S., Seeland, U., Rücke, M., Hättasch, R., Wagelöhner, T., Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Baumann, G., Knebel, F., Stangl, V. (2016). Left Atrial Function in Preclinical Diastolic Dysfunction: Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Results from the BEFRI Trial. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 29(8), 750–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.03.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai J, Liang Z, Feng W, Long H. Correlation between left atrial strain and left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensive patients. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Jun 28;48(6):846-851. English, Chinese. doi:10.11817/j.issn.16727347.2023.220301. PMID: 37587069; PMCID:PMC10930438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai J, Liang Z, Feng W, Long H. Correlation between left atrial strain and left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensive patients. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Jun 28;48(6):846-851. English, Chinese. doi:10.11817/j.issn.16727347.2023.220301. PMID: 37587069; PMCID:PMC10930438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameli, M., Sparla, S., Losito, M., Righini, F. M., Menci, D., Lisi, M., D’Ascenzi, F., Focardi, M., Favilli, R., Pierli, C., Fineschi, M., Mondillo, S. (2016). Correlation of Left Atrial Strain and Doppler Measurements with Invasive Measurement of Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure in Patients Stratified for Different Values of Ejection Fraction. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.), 33(3), 398–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.13094.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameli, M., Sparla, S., Losito, M., Righini, F. M., Menci, D., Lisi, M., D’Ascenzi, F., Focardi, M., Favilli, R., Pierli, C., Fineschi, M., Mondillo, S. (2016). Correlation of Left Atrial Strain and Doppler Measurements with Invasive Measurement of Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure in Patients Stratified for Different Values of Ejection Fraction. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.), 33(3), 398–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.13094.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galderisi, M., Cosyns, B., Edvardsen, T., Cardim, N., Delgado, V., Di Salvo, G., Donal, E., Sade, L. E., Ernande, L., Garbi, M., Grapsa, J., Hagendorff, A., Kamp, O., Magne, J., Santoro, C., Stefanidis, A., Lancellotti, P., Popescu, B., Habib, G., 2016–2018 EACVI Scientific Documents Committee. (2017). Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: An expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging, 18(12), 1301–1310. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jex244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galderisi, M., Cosyns, B., Edvardsen, T., Cardim, N., Delgado, V., Di Salvo, G., Donal, E., Sade, L. E., Ernande, L., Garbi, M., Grapsa, J., Hagendorff, A., Kamp, O., Magne, J., Santoro, C., Stefanidis, A., Lancellotti, P., Popescu, B., Habib, G., 2016–2018 EACVI Scientific Documents Committee. (2017). Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: An expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging, 18(12), 1301–1310. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jex244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang, R. M., Badano, L. P., Mor-Avi, V., Afilalo, J., Armstrong, A., Ernande, L., Flachskampf, F. A., Foster, E., Goldstein, S. A., Kuznetsova, T., Lancellotti, P., Muraru, D., Picard, M. H., Rietzschel, E. R., Rudski, L., Spencer, K. T., Tsang, W., Voigt, J.-U. (2015). Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 28(1), 1-39.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang, R. M., Badano, L. P., Mor-Avi, V., Afilalo, J., Armstrong, A., Ernande, L., Flachskampf, F. A., Foster, E., Goldstein, S. A., Kuznetsova, T., Lancellotti, P., Muraru, D., Picard, M. H., Rietzschel, E. R., Rudski, L., Spencer, K. T., Tsang, W., Voigt, J.-U. (2015). Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 28(1), 1-39.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lundberg, A., Johnson, J., Hage, C., Bäck, M., Merkely, B., Venkateshvaran, A., Lund, L. H., Nagy, A. I., Manouras, A. (2019). Left atrial strain improves estimation of filling pressures in heart failure: A simultaneous echocardiographic and invasive haemodynamic study. Clinical Research in Cardiology: Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society, 108(6), 703–715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-018-1399-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lundberg, A., Johnson, J., Hage, C., Bäck, M., Merkely, B., Venkateshvaran, A., Lund, L. H., Nagy, A. I., Manouras, A. (2019). Left atrial strain improves estimation of filling pressures in heart failure: A simultaneous echocardiographic and invasive haemodynamic study. Clinical Research in Cardiology: Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society, 108(6), 703–715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-018-1399-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris, D. A., Belyavskiy, E., Aravind-Kumar, R., Kropf, M., Frydas, A., Braunauer, K., Marquez, E., Krisper, M., Lindhorst, R., Osmanoglou, E., Boldt, L.-H., Blaschke, F., Haverkamp, W., Tschöpe, C., Edelmann, F., Pieske, B., Pieske-Kraigher, E. (2018). Potential Usefulness and Clinical Relevance of Adding Left Atrial Strain to Left Atrial Volume Index in the Detection of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging, 11(10), 1405–1415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.07.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris, D. A., Belyavskiy, E., Aravind-Kumar, R., Kropf, M., Frydas, A., Braunauer, K., Marquez, E., Krisper, M., Lindhorst, R., Osmanoglou, E., Boldt, L.-H., Blaschke, F., Haverkamp, W., Tschöpe, C., Edelmann, F., Pieske, B., Pieske-Kraigher, E. (2018). Potential Usefulness and Clinical Relevance of Adding Left Atrial Strain to Left Atrial Volume Index in the Detection of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging, 11(10), 1405–1415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.07.029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen A.B., Skaarup K.G., Hauser R., Johansen N.D., Lassen M.C.H., Jensen G.B., Schnohr P., Mоgelvang R., Biering-Sоrensen T. Normal values and reference ranges for left atrial strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Dec 18;23(1):42-51. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab201. PMID: 34632487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen A.B., Skaarup K.G., Hauser R., Johansen N.D., Lassen M.C.H., Jensen G.B., Schnohr P., Mоgelvang R., Biering-Sоrensen T. Normal values and reference ranges for left atrial strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Dec 18;23(1):42-51. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab201. PMID: 34632487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagueh S.F., Khan S.U. Left Atrial Strain for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: Focus on Populations With Normal LVEF. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023 May;16(5):691-707. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.10.011. Epub 2023 Jan 11. PMID: 36752445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagueh S.F., Khan S.U. Left Atrial Strain for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: Focus on Populations With Normal LVEF. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023 May;16(5):691-707. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.10.011. Epub 2023 Jan 11. PMID: 36752445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagueh S.F., Smiseth O.A., Appleton C.P., Byrd B.F 3rd, Dokainish H., Edvardsen T., Flachskampf F.A., Gillebert T.C., Klein A.L., Lancellotti P., Marino P., Oh J.K., Popescu B.A., Waggoner A.D. Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016 Apr;29(4):277-314. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.01.011. PMID: 27037982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagueh S.F., Smiseth O.A., Appleton C.P., Byrd B.F 3rd, Dokainish H., Edvardsen T., Flachskampf F.A., Gillebert T.C., Klein A.L., Lancellotti P., Marino P., Oh J.K., Popescu B.A., Waggoner A.D. Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016 Apr;29(4):277-314. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.01.011. PMID: 27037982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pathan, F., D’Elia, N., Nolan, M. T., Marwick, T. H., Negishi, K. (2017). Normal Ranges of Left Atrial Strain by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 30(1), 59-70. e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.09.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pathan, F., D’Elia, N., Nolan, M. T., Marwick, T. H., Negishi, K. (2017). Normal Ranges of Left Atrial Strain by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 30(1), 59-70. e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.09.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson S., Ring L., Oxborough D., Harkness A., Bennett S., Rana B., Sutaria N., Lo Giudice F., Shun-Shin M., Paton M., Duncan R., Willis J., Colebourn C., Bassindale G., Gatenby K., Belham M., Cole G., Augustine D., Smiseth O.A. The assessment of left ventricular diastolic function: guidance and recommendations from the British Society of Echocardiography. Echo Res Pract. 2024 Jun 3;11(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s44156-024-00051-2. PMID: 38825710; PMCID: PMC11145885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson S., Ring L., Oxborough D., Harkness A., Bennett S., Rana B., Sutaria N., Lo Giudice F., Shun-Shin M., Paton M., Duncan R., Willis J., Colebourn C., Bassindale G., Gatenby K., Belham M., Cole G., Augustine D., Smiseth O.A. The assessment of left ventricular diastolic function: guidance and recommendations from the British Society of Echocardiography. Echo Res Pract. 2024 Jun 3;11(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s44156-024-00051-2. PMID: 38825710; PMCID: PMC11145885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
