<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2025-4-7-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетическая архитектура синдрома удлиненного интервала QT и генотип-специфичное лечение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic architecture of long QT syndrome and genotype-specific treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3786-7559</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Искендеров</surname><given-names>Б. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskenderov</surname><given-names>B. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Искендеров Бахрам Гусейнович - д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой терапии, кардиологии, функциональной диагностики и ревматологии.</p><p>Пенза</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iskenderov Bakhram G. - MD, professor, head of the Department of Therapy, Cardiology, Functional Diagnostics and Rheumatology.</p><p>Penza</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iskenderovbg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-9426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молокова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molokova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молокова Елена Анатольевна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры терапии, кардиологии, функциональной диагностики и ревматологии.</p><p>Пенза</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Molokova Elena A. - PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Department of therapy, cardiology, functional diagnostics, and rheumatology.</p><p>Penza</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tolilen@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0777-1604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Можжухина</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozhzhukhina</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Можжухина Ирина Николаевна - к.м.н., заведующий кафедрой рентгенологии.</p><p>Пенза</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mozhzhukhina Irina N. - PhD in Medical Sciences, head of the Department of roentgenology.</p><p>Penza</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mogira1972@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пензенский институт усовершенствования врачей – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Penza Institute for Further Training of Physicians – Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>Современная функциональная диагностика (1)</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Искендеров Б.Г., Молокова Е.А., Можжухина И.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Искендеров Б.Г., Молокова Е.А., Можжухина И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Iskenderov B.G., Molokova E.A., Mozhzhukhina I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4282">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4282</self-uri><abstract><p>Врожденный синдром удлиненного интервала QT (СУИQT) – это первая описанная и наиболее распространенная наследственная аритмия при отсутствии структурной болезни сердца, которая наследуется преимущественно аутосомно-доминантным путем, характеризующимся повышенным риском развития полиморфной желудочковой тахикардии, обмороком и/или судорогами и внезапной сердечной смертью. Учитывая современные представления о спектре генетических вариантов, способных вносить вклад в генетическую архитектуру СУИQT, данное заболевание не может рассматриваться как моногенная патология. Это подтверждается наличием не только патогенных или вероятно патогенных вариантов в канонических генах восприимчивости к СУИQT, но и общих потенциально проаритмических вариантов или аллелей функционального риска и слабо проникающих редких вариантов. Так как СУИQT является генетически и фенотипически гетерогенным заболеванием, своевременная верификация диагноза СУИQT и стратификация риска аритмических событий, а также проведение генотип-специфической терапевтической стратегии представляются актуальными.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is the first described and most common inherited arrhythmia in the absence of structural heart disease, which is inherited in a predominantly autosomal dominant manner, characterized by an increased risk of developing polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, syncope and/or seizures, and sudden cardiac death. According to modern ideas about the spectrum of genetic variants that can contribute to the genetic architecture of LQTS, this disease cannot be considered as a monogenic pathology. This is supported by the presence not only of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the canonical LQTS susceptibility genes, but also of common potentially proarrhythmic variants or functional risk alleles and poorly penetrating rare variants. Since LQTS is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disease, timely verification of the diagnosis of LQTS and risk stratification of arrhythmic events, as well as the implementation of a genotype-specific therapeutic strategy, seem relevant.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром удлиненного интервала QT</kwd><kwd>генетическая гетерогенность</kwd><kwd>внезапная сердечная смерть</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>long QT syndrome</kwd><kwd>genetic variability</kwd><kwd>sudden cardiac death</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giudicessi JR, Wilde AAM, Ackerman MJ. The genetic architecture of long QT syndrome: A critical reappraisal. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2018; 28(7): 453–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.03.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giudicessi JR, Wilde AAM, Ackerman MJ. The genetic architecture of long QT syndrome: A critical reappraisal. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2018; 28(7): 453–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.03.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adler A, Novelli V, Amin AS, Abiusi E, Care M, Nannenberg EA, et al. An international, multicentered, evidence-based reappraisal of genes reported to cause congenital long QT syndrome. Circulation. 2020; 141:418–28. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adler A, Novelli V, Amin AS, Abiusi E, Care M, Nannenberg EA, et al. An international, multicentered, evidence-based reappraisal of genes reported to cause congenital long QT syndrome. Circulation. 2020; 141:418–28. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Offerhaus JA, Bezzina CR, Wilde AAM. Epidemiology of inherited arrhythmias. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020; 17(4):205–15. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0266-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Offerhaus JA, Bezzina CR, Wilde AAM. Epidemiology of inherited arrhythmias. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020; 17(4):205–15. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0266-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тедеев Т.Г., Черкашин Д.В., Кутелев Г.Г., Качнов В.А., Мирзоев Н.Т. Современные представления о проблеме врожденного синдрома удлиненного интервала QT. Доктор.Ру. 2024; 23(1):38–45. DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-1-38-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tedeev T.G., Cherkashin D.V., Kutelev G.G., Kachnov V.A., Mirzoev N.T. The modern state of the problem of congenital long QT syndrome. Doctor.Ru. 2024;23(1):38–45. DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-1-38-45</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waddell-Smith KE, Skinner JR. Update on the diagnosis and management of familial long QT syndrome. Heart Lung Circ. 2016; 25(8):769–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.01.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waddell-Smith KE, Skinner JR. Update on the diagnosis and management of familial long QT syndrome. Heart Lung Circ. 2016; 25(8):769–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.01.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandes DA, Camões GF, Ferreira D, Queijo C, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Gonçalves L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for acquired long QT syndrome in the emergency department: a retrospective observational study. World J Emerg Med. 2023; 14(6):454-61. DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2023.104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandes DA, Camões GF, Ferreira D, Queijo C, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Gonçalves L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for acquired long QT syndrome in the emergency department: a retrospective observational study. World J Emerg Med. 2023; 14(6):454-61. DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2023.104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bohnen MS, Peng G, Robey SH, Terrenoire C, Iyer V, Sampson KJ, et al. Molecular pathophysiology of congenital long QT syndrome. Physiol Rev. 2017; 97(1):89–134. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bohnen MS, Peng G, Robey SH, Terrenoire C, Iyer V, Sampson KJ, et al. Molecular pathophysiology of congenital long QT syndrome. Physiol Rev. 2017; 97(1):89–134. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah SR, Park K, Alweis R. Long QT syndrome: a comprehensive review of the literature and current evidence. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2019; 44(3):92–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2018.04.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah SR, Park K, Alweis R. Long QT syndrome: a comprehensive review of the literature and current evidence. Current Problems in Cardiology. 2019; 44(3):92–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2018.04.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, Bick D, Das S, Gastier-Foster J, et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015;17(5):405–24. DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, Bick D, Das S, Gastier-Foster J, et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015;17(5):405–24. DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li K, Zhang P. Clinical advances in congenital long QT syndrome. Cardiology Discovery. 2021;1(3):195-201. DOI: 10.1097/CD9.0000000000000017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li K, Zhang P. Clinical advances in congenital long QT syndrome. Cardiology Discovery. 2021;1(3):195-201. DOI: 10.1097/CD9.0000000000000017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crotti L, Spazzolini C, Tester DJ, Ghidoni A, Baruteau A-E, Beckmann B-M, et al. Calmodulin mutations and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias: insights from the International Calmodulinopathy Registry. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(35): 2964–75. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crotti L, Spazzolini C, Tester DJ, Ghidoni A, Baruteau A-E, Beckmann B-M, et al. Calmodulin mutations and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias: insights from the International Calmodulinopathy Registry. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(35): 2964–75. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santen GWE, Leitch HG, Cobben J. Gene–disease relationship evidence: A clinical perspective focusing on ultra-rare diseases. Human Mutation. 2022; 43:1082–88. DOI: 10.1002/humu.24367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santen GWE, Leitch HG, Cobben J. Gene–disease relationship evidence: A clinical perspective focusing on ultra-rare diseases. Human Mutation. 2022; 43:1082–88. DOI: 10.1002/humu.24367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Specterman MJ, Behr ER. Cardiogenetics: the role of genetic testing for inherited arrhythmia syndromes and sudden death. Heart. 2023;109(6):434-41. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Specterman MJ, Behr ER. Cardiogenetics: the role of genetic testing for inherited arrhythmia syndromes and sudden death. Heart. 2023;109(6):434-41. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilde AAM, Semsarian C, Márquez MF, Shamloo AS, Ackerman MJ, Ashley EA, et al. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/ Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) Expert Consensus Statement on the state of genetic testing for cardiac diseases. J Arrhythmia. 2022; 38(4):491–553. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilde AAM, Semsarian C, Márquez MF, Shamloo AS, Ackerman MJ, Ashley EA, et al. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/ Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) Expert Consensus Statement on the state of genetic testing for cardiac diseases. J Arrhythmia. 2022; 38(4):491–553. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilde AAM, Amin AS. Clinical spectrum of SCN5A mutations: long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and cardiomyopathy. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018; 4(5):569-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.03.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilde AAM, Amin AS. Clinical spectrum of SCN5A mutations: long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and cardiomyopathy. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018; 4(5):569-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.03.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильдарова Р.А., Щербакова Н.В., Березницкая В.В., Школьникова М.А. Сердечные и внесердечные проявления синдрома Джервелла-Ланге-Нильсена. Вестник аритмологии. 2021;28(3):37–44. DOI: 10.35336/VA-2021-3-37-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Il’darova RA, Sherbakova NV, Bereznitskaya VV, Shkolnikova MA. Cardiac and non-cardiac characteristics of Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome. Vestnik aritmologii. 2021;28(3):37-44. DOI: 10.35336/VA-2021-3-37-44</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galic E, Bešlic P, Kilic P, Planinic Z, Pašalic A, Galic I, et al. Congenital long QT syndrome: a systematic review. Acta Clin Croat. 2021; 60(4):739-48. DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.04.22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galic E, Bešlic P, Kilic P, Planinic Z, Pašalic A, Galic I, et al. Congenital long QT syndrome: a systematic review. Acta Clin Croat. 2021; 60(4):739-48. DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.04.22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conte G, Scherr D, Lenarczyk R, Gandjbachkh E, Boulé S, Spartalis MD, et al. Diagnosis, family screening, and treatment of inherited arrhythmogenic diseases in Europe: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Survey. Europace. 2020; 22(12):1904–10. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa223</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conte G, Scherr D, Lenarczyk R, Gandjbachkh E, Boulé S, Spartalis MD, et al. Diagnosis, family screening, and treatment of inherited arrhythmogenic diseases in Europe: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Survey. Europace. 2020; 22(12):1904–10. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa223</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz PJ, Woosley RL. Predicting the unpredictable: drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. JACC. 2016; 67(13):1639–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz PJ, Woosley RL. Predicting the unpredictable: drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. JACC. 2016; 67(13):1639–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilde AAM, Amin AS, Postema PG. Diagnosis, management, and therapeutic strategies for congenital long QT syndrome. Heart. 2022; 108:332–8. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318259</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilde AAM, Amin AS, Postema PG. Diagnosis, management, and therapeutic strategies for congenital long QT syndrome. Heart. 2022; 108:332–8. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318259</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Refaey MM, Mohler PJ. Ankyrins and spectrins in cardiovascular biology and disease. Front Physiol. 2017; 8:852. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00852</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Refaey MM, Mohler PJ. Ankyrins and spectrins in cardiovascular biology and disease. Front Physiol. 2017; 8:852. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00852</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">York NS, Sanchez-Arias JC, McAdam ACH, Rivera JE, Arbour LT, Swayne LA. Mechanisms underlying the role of ankyrin-B in cardiac and neurological health and disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022; 9:964675. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964675.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">York NS, Sanchez-Arias JC, McAdam ACH, Rivera JE, Arbour LT, Swayne LA. Mechanisms underlying the role of ankyrin-B in cardiac and neurological health and disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022; 9:964675. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964675.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pérez-Riera AR, Barbosa-Barros R, Samesina N, Pastore CA, Scanavacca M, Daminello-Raimundo R, et al. Andersen-Tawil Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Cardiol Rev. 2021;29(4):165–77. DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000326. PMID: 32947483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pérez-Riera AR, Barbosa-Barros R, Samesina N, Pastore CA, Scanavacca M, Daminello-Raimundo R, et al. Andersen-Tawil Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Cardiol Rev. 2021;29(4):165–77. DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000326. PMID: 32947483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen JC, Lin YJ, de Oliveira Figueiredo MJ, Sepehri Shamloo A, Alfie A, Boveda S, et al. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/ Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias: use the right tool for the right outcome, in the right population. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(9): e269-e316. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen JC, Lin YJ, de Oliveira Figueiredo MJ, Sepehri Shamloo A, Alfie A, Boveda S, et al. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/ Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) expert consensus on risk assessment in cardiac arrhythmias: use the right tool for the right outcome, in the right population. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(9): e269-e316. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шляхто Е.В., Арутюнов Г.П., Беленков Ю.Н., Бойцов С.А. Национальные рекомендации по определению риска и профилактике внезапной сердечной смерти (2-е издание). М.: Медпрактика-М, 2018. ISBN: 978-5-98803-397-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shlyakhto EV, Arutyunov GP, Belenkov YuN, Boytsov SA. National guidelines for risk identification and prevention of sudden cardiac death. (2nd ed.). M.: Medpraktika-M, 2018. ISBN: 978-5-98803-397-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hauwanga WN, Yau RCC, Goh KS, Castro Ceron JI, Alphonse B, Singh G, et al. Management of Long QT Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2024;16(6): e62592. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62592.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hauwanga WN, Yau RCC, Goh KS, Castro Ceron JI, Alphonse B, Singh G, et al. Management of Long QT Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2024;16(6): e62592. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han L, Liu F, Li Q, Qing T, Zhai Z, Xia Z, et al. The efficacy of beta-blockers in patients with long QT syndrome 1-3 according to individuals’ gender, age, and QTc intervals: A Network Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:579525. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579525</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han L, Liu F, Li Q, Qing T, Zhai Z, Xia Z, et al. The efficacy of beta-blockers in patients with long QT syndrome 1-3 according to individuals’ gender, age, and QTc intervals: A Network Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:579525. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579525</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Went TR, Sultan W, Sapkota A, Khurshid H, Qureshi IA, Jahan N, et al. A systematic review on the role of beta-blockers in reducing cardiac arrhythmias in long QT syndrome subtypes 1−3. Cureus. 2021;13(9): e17632. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Went TR, Sultan W, Sapkota A, Khurshid H, Qureshi IA, Jahan N, et al. A systematic review on the role of beta-blockers in reducing cardiac arrhythmias in long QT syndrome subtypes 1−3. Cureus. 2021;13(9): e17632. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koponen M, Marjamaa A, Väänänen H, Tuiskula AM, Kontula K, Swan H, et al. Effects of β-blockers on ventricular repolarization documented by 24-hour electrocardiography in long QT syndrome type 2. Heart Rhythm. 2022; 19(9):1491-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.04.028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koponen M, Marjamaa A, Väänänen H, Tuiskula AM, Kontula K, Swan H, et al. Effects of β-blockers on ventricular repolarization documented by 24-hour electrocardiography in long QT syndrome type 2. Heart Rhythm. 2022; 19(9):1491-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.04.028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor C, Stambler BS. Management of long QT syndrome in women before, during, and after pregnancy. US Cardiology Review. 2021;15: e08. DOI: 10.15420/usc.2021.02</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor C, Stambler BS. Management of long QT syndrome in women before, during, and after pregnancy. US Cardiology Review. 2021;15: e08. DOI: 10.15420/usc.2021.02</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bos JM, Crotti L, Rohatgi RK, Castelletti S, Dagradi F, Schwartz PJ, et al. Mexiletine shortens the QT interval in patients with potassium channel-mediated type 2 long QT syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2019; 12(5):e007280. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.118.007280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bos JM, Crotti L, Rohatgi RK, Castelletti S, Dagradi F, Schwartz PJ, et al. Mexiletine shortens the QT interval in patients with potassium channel-mediated type 2 long QT syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2019; 12(5):e007280. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.118.007280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu W, Bian X, Lv J. From genes to clinical management: a comprehensive review of long QT syndrome pathogenesis and treatment. Heart Rhythm O2. 2024; 5(8):573-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.07.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu W, Bian X, Lv J. From genes to clinical management: a comprehensive review of long QT syndrome pathogenesis and treatment. Heart Rhythm O2. 2024; 5(8):573-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.07.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y, Lv TT, Li SY, Zhang P. Sodium channel blockers in the management of long QT syndrome types 3 and 2: A system review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021; 32(11):3057–67. DOI: 10.1111/jce.15223</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Y, Lv TT, Li SY, Zhang P. Sodium channel blockers in the management of long QT syndrome types 3 and 2: A system review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2021; 32(11):3057–67. DOI: 10.1111/jce.15223</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cano J, Zorio E, Mazzanti A, Arnau MA, Trenor B, Priori SG, et al. Ranolazine as an alternative therapy to Flecainide for SCN5A V411M long QT syndrome type 3 patients. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:580481. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.580481</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cano J, Zorio E, Mazzanti A, Arnau MA, Trenor B, Priori SG, et al. Ranolazine as an alternative therapy to Flecainide for SCN5A V411M long QT syndrome type 3 patients. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:580481. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.580481</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rouhana S, Virsolvy A, Fares N, Richard S, Thireau J. Ranolazine: an old drug with emerging potential; lessons from pre-clinical and clinical investigations for possible repositioning. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021; 15(1):31. DOI: 10.3390%2Fph15010031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rouhana S, Virsolvy A, Fares N, Richard S, Thireau J. Ranolazine: an old drug with emerging potential; lessons from pre-clinical and clinical investigations for possible repositioning. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021; 15(1):31. DOI: 10.3390%2Fph15010031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang M, Peterson DR, Rosero S, McNitt S, Rich DQ, Seplaki CL, et al. Effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators to reduce mortality in patients with long QT syndrome. JACC. 2021; 78(21):2076–88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang M, Peterson DR, Rosero S, McNitt S, Rich DQ, Seplaki CL, et al. Effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators to reduce mortality in patients with long QT syndrome. JACC. 2021; 78(21):2076–88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biton Y, Rosero S, Moss AJ, Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, McNitt S, et al. Primary prevention with the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in high-risk long-QT syndrome patients. Europace. 2019; 21:339–46. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy149</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biton Y, Rosero S, Moss AJ, Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, McNitt S, et al. Primary prevention with the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in high-risk long-QT syndrome patients. Europace. 2019; 21:339–46. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy149</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Искендеров Б.Г., Зайцева А.В. Патофизиологические аспекты и терапевтические эффекты постоянной электростимуляции сердца. Международный журнал сердца и сосудистых заболеваний. 2019; 7(24):4–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iskenderov BG, Zaitseva AV. Pathophysiological aspects and therapeutic effects of permanent cardiac pacing. International Journal of Heart and Vascular Diseases. 2019; 7(24):4–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sgro A, Drake TM, Lopez-Ayala P, Phan K. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation in the management of long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Congenit Heart Dis. 2019;14(6):1102–12. DOI: 10.1111/chd.12855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sgro A, Drake TM, Lopez-Ayala P, Phan K. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation in the management of long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Congenit Heart Dis. 2019;14(6):1102–12. DOI: 10.1111/chd.12855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dusi V, Pugliese L, De Ferrari GM, Odero A, Crotti L, Dagradi F, et al. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for long QT syndrome: 50 years’ experience provides guidance for management. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. 2022; 8(3):281–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2021.09.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dusi V, Pugliese L, De Ferrari GM, Odero A, Crotti L, Dagradi F, et al. Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for long QT syndrome: 50 years’ experience provides guidance for management. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. 2022; 8(3):281–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2021.09.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
