<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-426</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микробиологическая диагностика стрептококковых инфекций в условиях реальной практики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Microbiological diagnosis of streptococcal infections in real practice conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокимова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черненькая</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernenkaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н. В. Склифосовского» Департамента здравоохранения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Emergency Care n.a. N. V. Sklifosovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>38</issue><issue-title>Эпидемиология и гигиена</issue-title><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евдокимова Н.В., Черненькая Т.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евдокимова Н.В., Черненькая Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evdokimova N.V., Chernenkaya T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/426">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/426</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены группы клинически значимых видов стрептококков, роль которых в реальной клинической практике недостаточно известна. Проведена оценка подходов, лежащих в основе современной фенотипической идентификации стрептококков. Рассмотрены возможные пути преодоления трудностей, связанных с идентификацией стрептококков и определением их антибиотикочувствительности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In present review the groups of streptococci which are associated with human diseases were considered. Their clinical role is not sufficiently recognized by the medical community. Modern approaches to phenotypic identification of Streptococcus species were discussed. The possible ways of overcoming the difficulties of routine laboratory connected with microbiological diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of streptococcal infections were also discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клинически значимые виды стрептококков</kwd><kwd>фенотипическая идентификация стрептококков</kwd><kwd>антибиотикотерапия стрептококковых инфекций</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clinically important streptococci</kwd><kwd>phenotypic identification of streptococci</kwd><kwd>antibiotic therapy of streptococcal infections</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson C. C., Emmel V. E., Fonseca E. L., Marin M. A., Vicente A. C. P. Streptococcal taxonomy based on genome sequence analyses. F1000 Reserach. 2013; 2: 67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson C. C., Emmel V. E., Fonseca E. L., Marin M. A., Vicente A. C. P. Streptococcal taxonomy based on genome sequence analyses. F1000 Reserach. 2013; 2: 67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murray PR. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: usefulness for taxonomy and epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Infect2010; 16: 1626-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murray PR. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: usefulness for taxonomy and epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Infect2010; 16: 1626-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoshino T., Fujiwara T., Kilian M. Use of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses to identify nonhemolytic streptococci isolated from bacteremic patients. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43 (12): 6073-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoshino T., Fujiwara T., Kilian M. Use of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses to identify nonhemolytic streptococci isolated from bacteremic patients. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43 (12): 6073-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. Identification of Streptococcus species, Enterococcus species and Morphologically Similar Organisms. Public Health England. Bacteriology - Identification 2014; ID4 Issue 3: 1-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. Identification of Streptococcus species, Enterococcus species and Morphologically Similar Organisms. Public Health England. Bacteriology - Identification 2014; ID4 Issue 3: 1-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacitracin/Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethopim (SXT) tests. In: MacFaddin J.F., editor. Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2000: 3-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacitracin/Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethopim (SXT) tests. In: MacFaddin J.F., editor. Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2000: 3-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaufhold A., Ferrieri P. The microbiologic aspects, including diagnosis, of beta-hemolytic streptococcal and enterococcal infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1993; 7: 235-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaufhold A., Ferrieri P. The microbiologic aspects, including diagnosis, of beta-hemolytic streptococcal and enterococcal infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1993; 7: 235-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woo P. C., Fung A. M., Lau S. K., Wong S. S., Yuen K. Y. Group G beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 3147-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woo P. C., Fung A. M., Lau S. K., Wong S. S., Yuen K. Y. Group G beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 3147-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kellogg J. A. Suitability of throat culture procedures for detection of group A streptococci and as reference standards for evaluation of streptococcal antigen detection kits. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 165-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kellogg J. A. Suitability of throat culture procedures for detection of group A streptococci and as reference standards for evaluation of streptococcal antigen detection kits. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 165-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen A., Kilian M. Delineation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, its subspecies, and its clinical and phylogenetic relationship to Streptococcus pyogenes. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50: 113-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen A., Kilian M. Delineation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, its subspecies, and its clinical and phylogenetic relationship to Streptococcus pyogenes. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50: 113-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashikawa S., Iinuma Y., Furushita M., Ohkura T., Nada T., Torii K., et al. Characterization of group C and G streptococcal strains that cause streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. J Clin Microbiol2004; 42: 186-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashikawa S., Iinuma Y., Furushita M., Ohkura T., Nada T., Torii K., et al. Characterization of group C and G streptococcal strains that cause streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. J Clin Microbiol2004; 42: 186-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bordes-Benitez A., Sanchez-Onoro M., Suarez-Bordön P., Garcia-Rojas A.J., Saez-Nieto J.A., Gonzalez-Garcia A., et al. Outbreak of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections on the island of Gran Canaria associated with the consumption of inadequately pasteurized cheese. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25: 242-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bordes-Benitez A., Sanchez-Onoro M., Suarez-Bordön P., Garcia-Rojas A.J., Saez-Nieto J.A., Gonzalez-Garcia A., et al. Outbreak of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections on the island of Gran Canaria associated with the consumption of inadequately pasteurized cheese. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25: 242-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuusi M., Lahti E., Virolainen A., Hatakka M., Vuento R., Rantala L., et al. An outbreak of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus associated with consumption of fresh goat cheese. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6: 36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuusi M., Lahti E., Virolainen A., Hatakka M., Vuento R., Rantala L., et al. An outbreak of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus associated with consumption of fresh goat cheese. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6: 36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajasekhar A, Clancy CJ. Meningitis due to group C Streptococcus: a case report and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis 2010; 42: 571-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajasekhar A, Clancy CJ. Meningitis due to group C Streptococcus: a case report and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis 2010; 42: 571-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelkonen S., Lindahl S. B., Suomala P., Karhukorpi J., Vuorinen S., Koivula I., et al. Transmission of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infection from horses to humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19: 1041-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelkonen S., Lindahl S. B., Suomala P., Karhukorpi J., Vuorinen S., Koivula I., et al. Transmission of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infection from horses to humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19: 1041-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galpärine T., Cazorla C., Blanchard E., Boineau F., Ragnaud Neau J.-M.D. Streptococcus canis infections in humans: retrospective study of 54 patients. J Infect 2007; 55: 23-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galpärine T., Cazorla C., Blanchard E., Boineau F., Ragnaud Neau J.-M.D. Streptococcus canis infections in humans: retrospective study of 54 patients. J Infect 2007; 55: 23-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohtaki H., Ohkusu K., Ohta H., Miyazaki T., Yonetamari J.,-Usui T., et al. A case of sepsis caused by Streptococcus canis in a dog owner: a first case report of sepsis without dog bite in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2013; 19: 1206-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohtaki H., Ohkusu K., Ohta H., Miyazaki T., Yonetamari J.,-Usui T., et al. A case of sepsis caused by Streptococcus canis in a dog owner: a first case report of sepsis without dog bite in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2013; 19: 1206-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lam M. M., Clarridge J. E. 3rd, Young E. J., Mizuki S. The other group G Streptococcus: increased detection of Streptococcus canis ulcer infections in dog owners. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 2327-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lam M. M., Clarridge J. E. 3rd, Young E. J., Mizuki S. The other group G Streptococcus: increased detection of Streptococcus canis ulcer infections in dog owners. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 2327-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 5.0, 2015. URL: www.eucast.org.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 5.0, 2015. URL: www.eucast.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loubinoux J., PlainvertC., CollobertG, Touak G., Bouvet A., Poya C. Adult invasive and noninvasive infections due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in France from 2006 to 2010. J Clin Microbiol2013; 51:2724-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loubinoux J., PlainvertC., CollobertG, Touak G., Bouvet A., Poya C. Adult invasive and noninvasive infections due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in France from 2006 to 2010. J Clin Microbiol2013; 51:2724-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biedenbach D. J., Toleman M. A., Walsh T. R., Jones R. N. Characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant betahemolytic Streptococcus spp. isolated in North America and Europe including the first report of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2004). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 55: 119-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biedenbach D. J., Toleman M. A., Walsh T. R., Jones R. N. Characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant betahemolytic Streptococcus spp. isolated in North America and Europe including the first report of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2004). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 55: 119-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Facklam R. What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 613-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Facklam R. What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 613-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedrichs C., Rodloff A.C., Chhatwal G.S., Schellenberger W., Eschrich K. S. O. Rapid identification of viridans streptococci by mass spectrometric discrimination. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 2392-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedrichs C., Rodloff A.C., Chhatwal G.S., Schellenberger W., Eschrich K. S. O. Rapid identification of viridans streptococci by mass spectrometric discrimination. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 2392-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brogan O., Malone J., Fox C., Whyte A. S. Lancefield grouping and smell of caramel for presumptive identification and assessment of pathogenicity in the Streptococcus milleri group. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50: 332-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brogan O., Malone J., Fox C., Whyte A. S. Lancefield grouping and smell of caramel for presumptive identification and assessment of pathogenicity in the Streptococcus milleri group. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50: 332-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sibley C. D., Grinwis M. E., Field T. R., Parkins M. D., Norgaard J. C., Gregson D. B., et al. McKay agar enables routine quantification of the ‘Streptococcus milleri’ group in cystic fibrosis patients. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59 (Pt 5): 534-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibley C. D., Grinwis M. E., Field T. R., Parkins M. D., Norgaard J. C., Gregson D. B., et al. McKay agar enables routine quantification of the ‘Streptococcus milleri’ group in cystic fibrosis patients. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59 (Pt 5): 534-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summanen P. H., Rowlinson M. C., Wooton J., Finegold S.M. Evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods for differentiation of the members of the Anginosus group streptococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28: 1123-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summanen P. H., Rowlinson M. C., Wooton J., Finegold S.M. Evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods for differentiation of the members of the Anginosus group streptococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28: 1123-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoshino T., Fujiwara T., Kilian M. Use of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses to identify nonhemolytic streptococci isolated from bacteremic patients. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 6073-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoshino T., Fujiwara T., Kilian M. Use of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses to identify nonhemolytic streptococci isolated from bacteremic patients. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 6073-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broyles L. N., Van Beneden C., Beall B., Facklam R., Shewmaker P. L., Malpiedi P., et al. Population-based study of invasive disease due to betahemolytic streptococci of groups other than A and B. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48: 706-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broyles L. N., Van Beneden C., Beall B., Facklam R., Shewmaker P. L., Malpiedi P., et al. Population-based study of invasive disease due to betahemolytic streptococci of groups other than A and B. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48: 706-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardwick R. H., Taylor A., Thompson M. H., Jones E., Roe A. M., et al. Association between Streptococcus milleri and abscess formation after appendicitis. Ann R CollSurg Engl 2000; 82: 24-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardwick R. H., Taylor A., Thompson M. H., Jones E., Roe A. M., et al. Association between Streptococcus milleri and abscess formation after appendicitis. Ann R CollSurg Engl 2000; 82: 24-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petti C.A., Simmon K. E., Bender J., Blaschke A., Webster K.A., Conneely M.F., et al. Culture-Negative intracerebral abscesses in children and adolescents from Streptococcus anginosus group infection: a case series. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46: 1578-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petti C.A., Simmon K. E., Bender J., Blaschke A., Webster K.A., Conneely M.F., et al. Culture-Negative intracerebral abscesses in children and adolescents from Streptococcus anginosus group infection: a case series. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46: 1578-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kowlessar P. I., O’Connell N.H., Mitchell R.D., Elliott S., Elliott T. S. Management of patients with Streptococcus milleri brain abscesses. J Infect2006; 52 (6): 443-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kowlessar P. I., O’Connell N.H., Mitchell R.D., Elliott S., Elliott T. S. Management of patients with Streptococcus milleri brain abscesses. J Infect2006; 52 (6): 443-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tracy M., Wanahita A., Shuhatovich Y., Goldsmith E. A., Clarridge J. E. 3rd, Musher D. M., et al. Antibiotic susceptibilities of genetically characterized Streptococcus milleri group strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 1511-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tracy M., Wanahita A., Shuhatovich Y., Goldsmith E. A., Clarridge J. E. 3rd, Musher D. M., et al. Antibiotic susceptibilities of genetically characterized Streptococcus milleri group strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 1511-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamamoto N., Fujita J., Shinzato T., Higa F., Tateyama M., Tohyama M., et al. In vitro activity of sitafloxacin compared with sev</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamamoto N., Fujita J., Shinzato T., Higa F., Tateyama M., Tohyama M., et al. In vitro activity of sitafloxacin compared with sev</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит №38 / 2017, том № 4. Эпидемиология и гигиена E-mail: medalfavit@mail.ru eral fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus constellatus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 27 (2): 171-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Медицинский алфавит №38 / 2017, том № 4. Эпидемиология и гигиена E-mail: medalfavit@mail.ru eral fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus constellatus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 27 (2): 171-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dutta C., Worley G., Bowdler D. Lemierre’s syndrome. Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004; 8 (2): 53-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dutta C., Worley G., Bowdler D. Lemierre’s syndrome. Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004; 8 (2): 53-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asmah N., Eberspächer B., Regnath T., Arvand M. Prevalence of erythromycin and clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of the Streptococcus anginosus group in Germany. J Med Microbio 2009; 58 (Pt2): 222-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asmah N., Eberspächer B., Regnath T., Arvand M. Prevalence of erythromycin and clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of the Streptococcus anginosus group in Germany. J Med Microbio 2009; 58 (Pt2): 222-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Limia A., Jimänez M. L, Alarcon T., Lopez-Brea M. Five-year analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility of the Streptococcus milleri group. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 18: 440-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Limia A., Jimänez M. L, Alarcon T., Lopez-Brea M. Five-year analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility of the Streptococcus milleri group. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 18: 440-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park H. K., Myung S. C.and Kim W. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Sreptococcus pseudopneumoniae with viridans group streptococci. BMC Microbiology2012, 12: 77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park H. K., Myung S. C.and Kim W. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Sreptococcus pseudopneumoniae with viridans group streptococci. BMC Microbiology2012, 12: 77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seki M., Yamashita Y., Torigoe H., Tsuda H., Sato S., Maeno M. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification method targeting the lytA gene for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol2005; 43: 1581-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seki M., Yamashita Y., Torigoe H., Tsuda H., Sato S., Maeno M. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification method targeting the lytA gene for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol2005; 43: 1581-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verhelst R., Kaijalainen T., De Baere T., Verschraegen G., Claeys G., Van Simaey L., De Ganck C., Vaneechoutte M. Comparison of five genotypic techniques for identification of optochin-resistant pneumococcus-like isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 3521-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verhelst R., Kaijalainen T., De Baere T., Verschraegen G., Claeys G., Van Simaey L., De Ganck C., Vaneechoutte M. Comparison of five genotypic techniques for identification of optochin-resistant pneumococcus-like isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 3521-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doern G. V., Ferraro M. J., Brueggemann A. B., Ruoff K. L. Emergence of high rates of anti-microbial resistance among viridans group streptococci in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 891-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doern G. V., Ferraro M. J., Brueggemann A. B., Ruoff K. L. Emergence of high rates of anti-microbial resistance among viridans group streptococci in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 891-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Renneberg J., Niemann L. L, Gutschik E., Antimicrobial susceptibility of 278 streptococcal blood isolates to seven antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 39: 135-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Renneberg J., Niemann L. L, Gutschik E., Antimicrobial susceptibility of 278 streptococcal blood isolates to seven antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 39: 135-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konig A., Reinert R. R., Hakenbeck R. Streptococcus mitis with unusually high level resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Microb Drug Resist 1998; 4: 45-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konig A., Reinert R. R., Hakenbeck R. Streptococcus mitis with unusually high level resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Microb Drug Resist 1998; 4: 45-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bancescu G., Dumitriu S., Bancescu A., Defta C., Pana M., lonescu D., et al. Susceptibility testing of Streptococcus mitis group isolates. Indian J Med Res 2004; 119 (Suppl): 257-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bancescu G., Dumitriu S., Bancescu A., Defta C., Pana M., lonescu D., et al. Susceptibility testing of Streptococcus mitis group isolates. Indian J Med Res 2004; 119 (Suppl): 257-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson C. C., Tunkel A. R. Viridans streptococci, groups C and G streptococci. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennet. Principles and practice ofinfectious diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2005: 2434-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson C. C., Tunkel A. R. Viridans streptococci, groups C and G streptococci. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennet. Principles and practice ofinfectious diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2005: 2434-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levy C. S., Kogulan P., Gill V. J., Croxton M. B., Kane J. G., Lucey D. R. Endocarditis caused by penicillin-resistant viridians streptococci: 2 cases and controversies in therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 577-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levy C. S., Kogulan P., Gill V. J., Croxton M. B., Kane J. G., Lucey D. R. Endocarditis caused by penicillin-resistant viridians streptococci: 2 cases and controversies in therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 577-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stock J. H., Sahn D. J. Endocarditis in the pediatric population. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2000; 2: 481-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stock J. H., Sahn D. J. Endocarditis in the pediatric population. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2000; 2: 481-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davey A. L., Rogers A. H. Multiple types of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the human mouth and their intra-family transmission. Arch Oral Biol 1984; 29: 453-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davey A. L., Rogers A. H. Multiple types of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the human mouth and their intra-family transmission. Arch Oral Biol 1984; 29: 453-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ajdic D., McShan W.M., McLaughlin R.E., Savic G., Chang J., Carson M. B., et al. Genome sequence of Streptococcus mutans UA159, a cariogenic dental pathogen. PNAS 2002; 99: 14434-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ajdic D., McShan W.M., McLaughlin R.E., Savic G., Chang J., Carson M. B., et al. Genome sequence of Streptococcus mutans UA159, a cariogenic dental pathogen. PNAS 2002; 99: 14434-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed R., Hassall T., Morland B., Gray J. Viridans streptococcus bacteremia in children on chemotherapy for cancer: an underestimated problem. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2003; 20 (6): 439-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed R., Hassall T., Morland B., Gray J. Viridans streptococcus bacteremia in children on chemotherapy for cancer: an underestimated problem. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2003; 20 (6): 439-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conte A., Chinelo P., Civljak R., Bellucci A., Note P., Petrosillo, N. Streptococcus salivarius meningitis and sphenoid sinus mucocele. Case report and literature review. J Infection 2006; 52: e27-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conte A., Chinelo P., Civljak R., Bellucci A., Note P., Petrosillo, N. Streptococcus salivarius meningitis and sphenoid sinus mucocele. Case report and literature review. J Infection 2006; 52: e27-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wishplinghoff H., Wenzel R., Seifert H., Edmond B. Current trends in the Epidemiology of Nosocomial bloodstream Infections in patients with Hematological malignancies and solid neoplasms in hospitals in United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases2003; 36: 1103-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wishplinghoff H., Wenzel R., Seifert H., Edmond B. Current trends in the Epidemiology of Nosocomial bloodstream Infections in patients with Hematological malignancies and solid neoplasms in hospitals in United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases2003; 36: 1103-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee T. H., Hsueh P. R., Yeh W. C., Wang H. P., Wang T. H., Lin, J. T. Low frequency of bacteremia after endoscopic mucosal resection. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 52: 223-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee T. H., Hsueh P. R., Yeh W. C., Wang H. P., Wang T. H., Lin, J. T. Low frequency of bacteremia after endoscopic mucosal resection. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 52: 223-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gold J. S., Bayar S., Salem R. R. Association of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia with colonic neoplasia and extracolonic malignancy. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 760-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gold J. S., Bayar S., Salem R. R. Association of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia with colonic neoplasia and extracolonic malignancy. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 760-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herrington C.S., McGee J.OD. Diagnostic molecular pathology: a practical approach. Oxford; New York: IRL Press at Oxford University Press; 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herrington C.S., McGee J.OD. Diagnostic molecular pathology: a practical approach. Oxford; New York: IRL Press at Oxford University Press; 1992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corredoira-Sänchez J, Garcia-Garrote F, Rabunal R, Lopez-Roses L, Garcfa-Pafs MJ, Castro E, et al. Association between bacteremia due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Streptococcus bovis I) and colorectal neoplasia: a case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 (4): 491-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corredoira-Sänchez J, Garcia-Garrote F, Rabunal R, Lopez-Roses L, Garcfa-Pafs MJ, Castro E, et al. Association between bacteremia due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Streptococcus bovis I) and colorectal neoplasia: a case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55 (4): 491-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelfand M. S., Alford R. H. Streptococcus bovis endocarditis and squamouscell carcinoma of the mouth. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 284-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelfand M. S., Alford R. H. Streptococcus bovis endocarditis and squamouscell carcinoma of the mouth. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 284-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boleij A., Muytjens C. M., Bukhari S.I., Cayet, N., Glaser P., Hermans P. W. M., et al. Novel clues on the specific association of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp gallolyticus with colorectal cancer. J Infect Dis 2011; 203: 1101-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boleij A., Muytjens C. M., Bukhari S.I., Cayet, N., Glaser P., Hermans P. W. M., et al. Novel clues on the specific association of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp gallolyticus with colorectal cancer. J Infect Dis 2011; 203: 1101-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boleij A., Tjalsma H. The itinerary of Streptococcus gallolyticus infection in patients with colonic malignant disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13: 719-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boleij A., Tjalsma H. The itinerary of Streptococcus gallolyticus infection in patients with colonic malignant disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13: 719-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
