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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2024-31-55-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4127</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные проблемы туберкулеза и пути их решения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern problems of tuberculosis and ways solve them</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алимов Александр Викторович, д. м. н., заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Author ID: 788176</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alimov Alexander V., DM Sci (habil.), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, leading researcher</p><p>Author ID: 788176</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">47051_1@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касьянова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasyanova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касьянова Ольга Николаевна, к. м. н., начальник научно-исследовательского отдела</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kasyanova Olga N., PhD Med, head of the research Dept.</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиулин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiulin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валиулин Илья Амирович, научный сотрудник</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valiulin Ilya A., researcher</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сирик</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sirik</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сирик Михаил Сергеевич, к. т. н., начальник научно-исследовательского управления</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sirik Mikhail Se., PhD Tech, head of Research Ofice</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амосов</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amosov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амосов Максим Юрьевич, к. б. н., заместитель начальника филиала по научно-исследовательской работе</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amosov Maxim Yu., PhD Bio, deputy head of the Branch for Research Work</p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Филиал ФГБУ «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны&#13;
Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Branch of 48 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>31</issue><issue-title>«Эпидемиология, гигиена, инфекционные болезни» (1)</issue-title><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алимов А.В., Касьянова О.Н., Валиулин И.А., Сирик М.С., Амосов М.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алимов А.В., Касьянова О.Н., Валиулин И.А., Сирик М.С., Амосов М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alimov A.V., Kasyanova O.N., Valiulin I.A., Sirik M.S., Amosov M.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4127">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4127</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре приведена краткая характеристика современного состояния и проблематики туберкулезной инфекции первой четверти XXI века в условиях эпидемии ВИЧ и пандемии коронавирусной инфекции. Ожидаемого многими эпидемиологами и фтизиатрами подъема заболеваемости туберкулезом в период пандемии коронавирусной инфекции не произошло, продолжается стойкое ее снижение, на что могло позитивно повлиять резкое сокращение контактов. Однако нельзя исключить, что чрезвычайное возрастание влияния стрессовых социальных факторов может привести к обострению и росту числа случаев латентного туберкулеза. Проявлением бактериальной адаптации как компонента вирулентности является QUORUM SENSING (QS) – чувство кворума, которое позволяет микобактериям вести себя, как многоклеточный организм и образовывать защитную биопленку, которая служит прямым препятствием для действия иммунокомпетентных клеток, антибактериальных и дезинфицирующих веществ, а также во много раз повышает лекарственную устойчивость. Серьезной проблемой здравоохранения во многих частях мира является коморбидность туберкулеза и ВИЧ. Это обуславливает увеличение значимости латентного туберкулеза в возникновении новых случаев заболевания вследствие изменения иммунного статуса населения и реактивации находящихся в состоянии персистенции Mycobacterium tuberculosis в организме людей, живущих с ВИЧ. В то же время продолжается рост числа тяжелых форм заболевания, вызванных лекарственно устойчивыми штаммами микобактерий туберкулеза. Множественная лекарственная устойчивость возбудителя, которую ВОЗ обозначила как глобальную угрозу, кризис классической антибактериальной терапии диктуют необходимость разработки новой стратегии диагностики и лечения инфекционных заболеваний, которая заключается в воздействии на генетические и ферментные мишени, обуславливающие вирулентность возбудителей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review provides a brief description of the current state and problems of tuberculosis infection in the first quarter of the 21 st century during the HIV epidemic and the coronavirus pandemic. The rise in tuberculosis incidence expected by many epidemiologists and tuberculosis specialists during the coronavirus pandemic did not happen; its steady decline continues, which could have been positively influenced by a reduction in contacts. However, it cannot be ruled out that an extreme increase in the influence of stressful social factors can lead to an exacerbation and increase in the number of cases of latent tuberculosis. The emergence of bacterial adaptation as a component of virulence is QUORUM SENSING – quorum sensing, which allows mycobacteria to behave like multicellular organism and form a protective biofilm, which serves as a direct obstacle to the action immunocompetent cells, antibacterial and disinfectant substances, and also greatly increases drug resistance. A major health problem in many parts of the world is the comorbidity of tuberculosis and HIV. This causes an increase in the importance of latent tuberculosis in the emergence of new cases of the disease due to changes in the immune status of the population and the reactivation and the persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the body of people living with HIV. At the same time, the number of severe forms of the disease caused by drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to increase. Multidrug resistance, which WHO has designated as a global threat, and the crisis of classical antibacterial therapy dictate the need to develop a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, which consists of influencing the genetic and enzymatic targets that determine the virulence of the pathogen.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микобактерии туберкулеза</kwd><kwd>QUORUM SENSING</kwd><kwd>микробные биопленки</kwd><kwd>латентный туберкулез</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>QUORUM SENSING</kwd><kwd>microbial biofilms</kwd><kwd>latent tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечаева О. Б. Состояние и перспективы противотуберкулезной службы в России в период COVID. 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