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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2024-32-19-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-4105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повышение эффективности диагностики рака щитовидной железы в трудных диагностических условиях с помощью методов молекулярной диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Improving the efficiency of thyroid cancer diagnostics in difficult diagnostic conditions using molecular diagnostic methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6853-766X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альникин</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alnikin</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альникин Александр Борисович, к.м.н., главный врач клиники </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alnikin Alexandr B., PhD Med, chief physician of the Clinic </p><p>Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alnikin_ab@rostgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кит</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kit</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кит Олег Иванович, д.м.н., академик РАН, генеральный директор </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kit Oleg Ivanovich, DM Sci (habil.), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, general director </p><p>Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onko-sekretar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-2358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Енгибарян</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Engibaryan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Енгибарян Марина Александровна, д.м.н., проф., заведующая отделением опухолей головы и шеи </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engibaryan Marina A., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Head and Neck Tumours </p><p>Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rnioi@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-9359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демидова Александра Александровна, д.м.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой медицинской физики, математики и информационных технологий </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Demidova Alexandra A., DM Sci (habil.), associate professor, head of Dept of Medical Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology</p><p>Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alald@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-837X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимов Алексей Юрьевич, д.м.н., проф., заместитель генерального директора </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksimov Alexey Yu., DM Sci (habil.), professor, deputy general director </p><p>Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksei.maxim0w@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-7361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошкина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshkina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимошкина Наталья Николаевна, к.м.н., зав. лабораторией молекулярной онкологии </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timoshkina Natalia N., PhD Med, head of Laboratory of Molecular Oncology </p><p>Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n_timoshkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии Министерства здравоохранения России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>32</issue><issue-title>Диагностика и онкотерапия (4)</issue-title><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Альникин А.Б., Кит О.И., Енгибарян М.А., Демидова А.А., Максимов А.Ю., Тимошкина Н.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Альникин А.Б., Кит О.И., Енгибарян М.А., Демидова А.А., Максимов А.Ю., Тимошкина Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alnikin A.B., Kit O.I., Engibaryan M.A., Demidova A.A., Maksimov A.Y., Timoshkina N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4105">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/4105</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Разработать диагностический калькулятор оценки экспрессии значимых для онкогенеза рака щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) профильных микроРНК (миРНК), внедрить его в клиническую практику и оценить эффективность предложенного способа ранней диагностики злокачественных новообразований ЩЖ в неопределенных после тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии (ТАБ) диагностических ситуациях.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Разработанный ранее «Способ диагностики злокачественных новообразований щитовидной железы» (патент RU 2820815 C 1) апробирован на 284 пациентах диспансерной группы с узловыми образованиями ЩЖ по результатам УЗИ и неопределенным заключением после ТАБ. Число пациентов с папиллярной карциномой ЩЖ составило 83 (29,2%), фолликулярной карциномой 43 (15,1%) и с доброкачественной патологией ЩЖ (фолликулярная аденома) – 158 (55,6%) человек. Методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени проводили оценку экспрессии миРНК-146b и –574–3р в цитологических образцах узловых образований ЩЖ после ТАБ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У больных раком ЩЖ экспрессия миРНК-146b по сравнению с пациентами с доброкачественной патологией была выше (р=0,007), а экспрессионная активность миРНК-574–3р ниже (р=0,013). Для оценки индекса реципрокной парной дисрегуляции экспрессии миРНК-146b и миРНК-574–3р в клетках ЩЖ рекомендовано определение соотношения величин экспрессии соответствующих молекул. Если индекс соотношения экспрессии миРНК-146b и миРНК-574–3р выше 4,5, то формируют заключение о злокачественном новообразовании ЩЖ. Диагностический коэффициент, рассчитываемый по разработанной формуле по методу логистической регрессии, также позволяет при сопоставлении с разделительным уровнем диагностировать злокачественное новообразование ЩЖ. Предложенные методы отличаются высокой информативностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод. Оценка экспрессии миРНК-146b и миРНК-574–3р в клетках узловых образований ЩЖ, полученных при ТАБ, позволяет улучшить диагностику злокачественной патологии при мутационно-негативных узлах ЩЖ с неопределенными результатами ТАБ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose of the study. To develop a diagnostic calculator for assessing the expression of profile microRNAs (miRNAs) that are significant for the oncogenesis of thyroid cancer, to introduce it into clinical practice and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for early diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland in uncertain diagnostic situations after fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).Material and methods. The previously developed «Method for Diagnosing Malignant Neoplasms of the Thyroid Gland» (patent RU2820815 C1) was tested on 284 patients of the dispensary group with nodular formations of the thyroid gland according to the results of ultrasound and an uncertain conclusion after FNAB. The number of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma was 83 (29,2%), follicular carcinoma 43 (15,1%) and with benign thyroid pathology (follicular adenoma) – 158 (55,6%) people. The expression of miRNA-146b and –574–3p in cytological samples of thyroid nodules after FNAB was assessed using the real-time PCR method.Results. In thyroid cancer patients, the expression of miRNA-146b was higher (p=0,007) compared to patients with benign pathology, while the expression activity of miRNA-574–3p was lower (p=0,013). To assess the index of reciprocal paired dysregulation of miRNA-146b and miRNA-574–3p expression in thyroid cells, it is recommended to determine the ratio of the expression values of the corresponding molecules. If the ratio index of miRNA-146b and miRNA-574–3p expression is higher than 4.5, then a conclusion is made about a malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland. The diagnostic coefficient calculated by the developed formula using the logistic regression method also allows diagnosing malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland when compared with the cutoff level. The proposed methods are highly informative.Conclusion. Evaluation of the expression of miRNA-146b and miRNA-574–3p in the cells of thyroid nodules obtained by FNAB allows improving the diagnosis of malignant pathology in mutation-negative thyroid nodules with uncertain FNAB results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>тонкоигольная аспирационная биопсия</kwd><kwd>малые некодирующие молекулы РНК</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>молекулярные маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>fine-needle aspiration biopsy</kwd><kwd>small non-coding RNA molecules</kwd><kwd>differential diagnostics</kwd><kwd>molecular markers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grussendorf M., Ruschenburg I., Brabant G. Malignancy rates in thyroid nodules: A long-term cohort study of 17,592 patients. Eur. Thyroid. J. 2022; 11: e220027. 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