medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2024-23-37-43medalphabet-3935Research ArticleСтатьиАвтомобили скорой медицинской помощи: из истории в современностьAmbulances: from history to the presenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1296-1760ПлавуновН. Ф.PlavunovN. F.

Плавунов Николай Филиппович, д. м. н., профессор, главный врач, заведующий кафедрой скорой медицинской помощи лечебного факультета, главный внештатный специалист Минздрава России по скорой медицинской помощи в ЦФО РФ, главный внештатный специалист по скорой медицинской помощи Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы

Москва

Plavunov Nikolay F., DM Sci (habil.), professor, chief physician, head of Emergency Medical Care Dept of the Faculty of Medicine, chief specialist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for Emergency Medical Care in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation, chief specialist for Emergency Medical Care of the Moscow Department of Health

Moscow

info@ssnmp.mosgorzdrav.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7430-0466ФилимоновВ. С.FilimonovV. S.

Филимонов Владимир Сергеевич, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части, ассистент кафедры скорой медицинской помощи

Москва

Filimonov Vladimir S., deputy chief physician for Medicine, assistant at Dept of Emergency Medical Care

Moscow

filimonov.vladimir@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-5337КлюкинМ. И.KlyukinM. I.

Клюкин Михаил Игоревич, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог специализированной выездной бригады скорой медицинской помощи анестезиологии-реаниматологии группы анестезиологии и реанимации

Москва

Klyukin Mikhail I., anesthesiologist-resuscitator of the Specialized Mobile Team of Emergency Medical Care of Anesthesiology-Resuscitation of the Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Group

Moscow

mishel_klyukin@mail.ruГБУ «Станция скорой и неотложной медицинской помощи им. А. С. Пучкова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы; ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава РоссииРоссияAmbulance and Medical Emergency Care Station n. a. A. S. Puchkov; Russian University of MedicineRussian FederationГБУ «Станция скорой и неотложной медицинской помощи им. А. С. Пучкова» Департамента здравоохранения г. МосквыРоссияAmbulance and Medical Emergency Care Station n. a. A. S. PuchkovRussian Federation202404112024023«Кардиология. Неотложная медицина» (3)3743Copyright © Плавунов Н.Ф., Филимонов В.С., Клюкин М.И., 20242024Плавунов Н.Ф., Филимонов В.С., Клюкин М.И.Plavunov N.F., Filimonov V.S., Klyukin M.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3935

Данный обзор литературы посвящен вопросам появления и развития автомобилей скорой помощи. Отдельно рассмотрен этап возникновения и поэтапной модернизации санитарного транспорта. Широко представлен зарубежный исторический опыт. Основной материал статьи касается проблем эргономики и безопасности автомобилей скорой медицинской помощи (СМП), при этом тщательно рассмотрены современные рекомендации. Пристальное внимание уделено вопросам стандартизации в области проектирования транспорта для перевозки пациентов. Авторы приходят к заключению, что в настоящее время имеется ряд запросов на изменения в автомобилях скорой помощи, а именно: интенсификация процесса оказания СМП и потребность в ней при движении санитарного транспорта; фиксация пациента и сотрудника во время работы для соблюдения безопасности; требования к эргономике пространства; свободный доступ с рабочего места к зонам работы и укладкам; комфортные условия процесса транспортировки для пациента и труда для медработника и другие. Сделан вывод о необходимости создания схемы инновационного салона российского автомобиля СМП, как автономного лечебно-диагностического комплекса, с включением её в нормативные документы федерального уровня.

This literature review is devoted to the emergence and development of ambulances. The stage of the emergence and phased modernization of sanitary transport is considered separately. Foreign historical experience is widely represented. The main material of the article concerns the problems of ergonomics and safety of emergency medical vehicles (EMS), while modern recommendations are carefully considered. Close attention is paid to the issues of standardization in the field of designing transport for the transportation of patients. The authors conclude that currently there are a number of requests for changes in ambulances, namely: intensification of the process of providing emergency medical care and the need for it when moving sanitary transport; fixation of the patient and employee during work to ensure safety; requirements for ergonomics of space; free access from the workplace to the zones comfortable conditions of the transportation process for the patient and labor for the medical worker, and others. It is concluded that it is necessary to create a scheme for the innovative interior of a Russian ambulance as an autonomous medical and diagnostic complex, with its inclusion in regulatory documents of the federal level.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.