medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2024-20-50-58medalphabet-3921Research ArticleСтатьиТропизм ВИЧ к хемокиновым корецепторам. Особенности определения, современное состояниеHIV tropism to chemokine coreceptors. Features of the definition, the current statehttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-3039-9830МартыновМ. А.MartynovM. A.

Мартынов Михаил Алексеевич - врач клинической лабораторной диагностики арбитражной лаборатории диагностики ВИЧ и оппортунистических инфекций УОЦС.

Екатеринбург

Martynov Mikhail A. - Dr Bio Sci, diagnostics at the Arbitration Laboratory for the Diagnostics of HIV and Opportunistic Infections of the Educational Center for the Treatment of HIV and Opportunistic Infections of Ural District Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.

Ekaterinburg

martynov_ma@niivirom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-8219СеменовА. В.SemenovА. V.

Семенов Александр Владимирович - д.б.н., директор.

Екатеринбург

Semenov Alexander V. - Dr Bio Sci, director.

Ekaterinburg

semenov_av@niivirom.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-4330-6429БатыргалиеваЛ. М.BatyrgalievaL. M.

Батыргалиева Лиана Маратовна - лаборант арбитражной лаборатории диагностики ВИЧ и оппортунистических инфекций УОЦС.

Екатеринбург

Batyrgalieva Liana M. - laboratory assistant at the Arbitration Laboratory for the Diagnostics of HIV and Opportunistic Infections of the Educational Center for the Diagnostics of HIV and Opportunistic Infections of Ural District Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.

Ekaterinburg

l.m.batyrgalieva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-8673-9207ЛевченкоМ. А.LevchenkoM. A.

Левченко Маргарита Александровна - лаборант арбитражной лаборатории диагностики ВИЧ и оппортунистических инфекций УОЦС.

Екатеринбург

Levchenko Margarita A. - laboratory assistant at the Arbitration Laboratory for the Diagnostics of HIV and Opportunistic Infections of the Regional Educational Institution of Ural District Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.

Ekaterinburg

m.a.llevchenko@gmail.comФБУН Федеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром» РоспотребнадзораРоссияFederal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections “Virome” Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellbeingRussian Federation202402112024020Серия «Современная лаборатория» (2)5058Copyright © Мартынов М.А., Семенов А.В., Батыргалиева Л.М., Левченко М.А., 20242024Мартынов М.А., Семенов А.В., Батыргалиева Л.М., Левченко М.А.Martynov M.A., Semenov А.V., Batyrgalieva L.M., Levchenko M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3921

Инфекция, вызванная вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ), является значимой причиной смертности по всему миру, число людей с ВИЧинфекций в Российской Федерации по данным на 2022 год составило 1163818 человек. Определение тропизма ВИЧ необходимо для назначения препаратов из группы ингибиторов проникновения, а также открывает новые возможности в прогнозировании и анализе ВИЧ-инфекции у пациента.

Цель

Цель. Представить описание и дать оценку современному состоянию методов определения тропизма ВИЧ, обобщить известную информацию о влиянии тропизма ВИЧ на течение заболевания, выявить актуальные вопросы, связанные с тропизмом ВИЧ и требующие решения.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор отечественных и зарубежных источников, посвященных методам определения, распространенности и клиническому значению тропизма ВИЧ.

Результаты

Результаты. Для эффективного назначения препаратов антагонистов CCR5 необходимо предварительное проведение анализа с целью установления тропизма ВИЧ генотипическими либо фенотипическими методами. Использование антагонистов CCR5 невозможно, если ВИЧ может использовать корецептор CXCR4. CXCR4 – тропизм ВИЧ связан с длительностью заболевания, снижением количества CD4 – клеток, СПИД, и является негативным прогностическим фактором. Мутации человека, затрагивающие корецепторы могут оказывать влияние на течение инфекции и восприимчивость к ВИЧ.

Заключение

Заключение. Определение тропизма ВИЧ является полезным анализом, значение которого будет увеличиваться в связи разработкой новых препаратов из группы ингибиторов проникновения. Для увеличения доступности анализа на определение тропизма ВИЧ в Российской Федерации требуется создание генотипических тест-систем. Для создания собственных алгоритмов, применяемых при генотипическом анализе, а также лабораторного тестирования и разработки новых эффективных препаратов из группы ингибиторов проникновения требуется разработка фенотипической тест-системы. Малая изученность влияния других регионов гена env на тропизм ВИЧ, изучение тропизма ВИЧ к альтернативным корецепторам являются актуальными вопросами, которые требуют решения.

HIV infection is a significant cause of death worldwide, the number of people with HIV infection in the Russian Federation as of 2022 amounted to 1163818 people. The determination of HIV tropism is necessary for the appointment of drugs from the group of penetration inhibitors, and also opens up new opportunities in the prediction and analysis of HIV infection in a patient.

Aim

Aim. To present a description and assess the current state of methods for determining HIV tropism, to summarize known information about the influence of HIV tropism on the course of the disease, to identify topical issues related to HIV tropism and requiring solutions.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A review of domestic and foreign sources devoted to methods for determining the prevalence and clinical significance of HIV tropism was carried out.

Results

Results. For the effective administration of CCR5 antagonist drugs, preliminary analysis is necessary to establish the tropism of HIV by genotypic or phenotypic methods. The use of CCR5 antagonists is not possible if HIV can use the CXCR4 coreceptor. CXCR4 – tropism of HIV is associated with the duration of the disease, a decrease in the number of CD4 cells, AIDS, and is a negative prognostic factor. Human mutations affecting coreceptors can affect the course of infection and susceptibility to HIV.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The determination of HIV tropism is a useful analysis, the importance of which will increase in connection with the development of new drugs from the group of penetration inhibitors. To increase the availability of HIV tropism analysis in the Russian Federation, the creation of genotypic test systems is required. To create proprietary algorithms used in genotypic analysis, as well as laboratory testing and development of new effective drugs from the group of penetration inhibitors, it is necessary to develop a phenotypic test system. The small study of the influence of other regions of the env gene on HIV tropism, the study of HIV tropism to alternative coreceptors are urgent issues that need to be addressed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.