medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2024-16-40-46medalphabet-3838Research ArticleСтатьиМикронутриенты и кишечный микробиом: двунаправленное взаимодействиеMicronutrients and the gut microbiome: a bidirectional interactionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-1132КоденцоваВ. М.KodentsovaV. M.

Коденцова Вера Митрофановна, д. б. н., проф., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории витаминов и минеральных веществ

Москва

Kodentsova Vera M., Dr Bio Sci, professor, chief researcher at the Laboratory of Vitamins and Minerals

Moscow

kodentsova@ion.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-8115РисникД. В.RisnikD. V.

Рисник Дмитрий Владимирович, к. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник кафедры биофизики биологического факультета

Москва

Risnik Dmitry V., PhD Bio Sci, leading researcher at Dept of Biophysics, Faculty at Biology

Moscow

biant3@mail.ruФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»РоссияFederal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food SafetyRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова», биологический факультетРоссияMoscow State University M. V. LomonosovRussian Federation202405092024016Диетология и нутрициология40‑46Copyright © Коденцова В.М., Рисник Д.В., 20242024Коденцова В.М., Рисник Д.В.Kodentsova V.M., Risnik D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3838

Обзор литературы за последние годы осуществляли по базам данных РИНЦ, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ReserchGate.Цель обзора – характеристика влияния микронутриентов рациона на микробиом кишечника и оценка роли микробиома в обеспечении организма хозяина микронутриентами.Результаты. Примерно половина (40–65 %) всех видов бактерий-прототрофов, населяющих кишечник, способны синтезировать все витамины группы В и являются донорами для бактерий ауксотрофов. Только четыре витамина (В6, фолат, В12, ниацин) могут вырабатываться в количествах, составляющих около 25 % от физиологической потребности человека, однако отсутствие транспортеров для витамина B12 в толстой кишке делает его недоступным для организма хозяина. Менахиноны (витамин К2), синтезированные кишечными бактериями, не попадают в системный кровоток, что не исключает их локального действия на эпителий кишечника. Недостаток микронутриентов (витамин А, фолаты, железо, цинк) в питании хозяина нарушает состав и функции кишечной микробиоты, прием витаминов (группы В, С, D, Е) улучшает состав микробиома. Избыточное потребление некоторых витаминов приводит к попаданию их в толстый кишечник, где они оказывают благотворное влияние на количество и разнообразие бактерий. Микро- и макроэлементы необходимы для обеспечения жизнеспособности представителей микробиоты кишечника, которая также необходима для поддержания оптимального элементного гомеостаза хозяина. Прием пребиотиков (растворимых пищевых волокон) улучшает биодоступность железа, кальция и других минеральных веществ.Вывод. Микроорганизмы, населяющие желудочно-кишечный тракт человека, двунаправленно взаимодействуют с микронутриентами, входящими в состав рациона, что влияет, с одной стороны, на видовое разнообразие и функции микроорганизмов, а с другой – микробиом влияет на всасывание и биодоступность микронутриентов.

A review of the literature in recent years was carried out using the RSCI, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and ResearchGate databases.The purpose of the review was characterization of the influence of dietary micronutrients on the intestinal microbiome and assessment of the role of the microbiome in providing the host with micronutrients.Results. Approximately half (40–65 %) of all types of prototrophic bacteria inhabiting the intestine are capable of synthesizing all B vitamins and are donors for auxotrophic bacteria. Only four vitamins (B6, folate, B12, niacin) can be produced in quantities that represent about 25 % of a person’s physiological requirement, but the lack of transporters for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the colon makes it unavailable to the host. Vitamin K (menaquinones) synthesized by intestinal bacteria does not enter the systemic circulation, which does not exclude their local effect on the intestinal epithelium. A lack of micronutrients (vitamin A, iron, zinc, folate) in the host’s diet disrupts the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota; taking vitamins (groups B, C, D, E) improves the composition of the microbiome. Excessive consumption of some vitamins causes them to enter the large intestine, where they have a beneficial effect on the number and diversity of bacteria. Micro- and macroelements are necessary to ensure the viability of representatives of the intestinal microbiota, which is also necessary to maintain optimal elemental homeostasis. Taking prebiotics (soluble dietary fiber) improves the bioavailability of iron, calcium and other minerals.Conclusion. Microorganisms inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract bidirectionally interact with micronutrients included in the diet, which affects, on the one hand, the species diversity and functions of microorganisms, and on the other hand, the microbiome affects the absorption and bioavailability of micronutrients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.