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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2024-14-43-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-3811</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нарушения гемостаза, тромбозы и тромбоцитопении у больных COVID-19 и пневмонией с осложненным острым почечным повреждением течением заболевания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hemostasis disorders, thrombosis and thrombocytopenia in patients with covid-19 and pneumonia with complicated acute renal injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-0945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теплова Наталья Вадимовна - д. м. н., проф., зав. кафедрой клинической фармакологии им. Ю. Б. Белоусова лечебного факультета.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teplova Natalia V. - DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Clinical Pharmacology n. a. Yu. B. Belousov of the Medical Faculty.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teplova.nv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсиков</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evsikov</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евсиков Евгений Михайлович - д. м. н., проф. кафедры клинической фармакологии им. Ю. Б. Белоусова лечебного факультета.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yevsikov Evgeny M. - DM Sci (habil.), professor at Dept of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu. B. Belousov of the Medical Faculty.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.Evsikov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-3180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гульбекова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulbekova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гульбекова Олеся Владимировна - аспирант кафедры клинической фармакологии им. Ю. Б. Белоусова лечебного факультета.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulbekova Olesya V. - postgraduate student of Dept of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu. B. Belousov of the Medical Faculty.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulbekova1990@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-1373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джексембеков</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jacksembekov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джексембеков Алдар Габитович - ассистент кафедры клинической фармакологии им. Ю. Б. Белоусова лечебного факультета.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzheksembekov Aldar G. - assistant at Dept of Clinical Pharmacology named after Yu. B. Belousov of the Medical Faculty.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dzheksembekov1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Далакян</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dalakyan</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Далакян Дарья Юрьевна - студентка 5-го курса педиатрического факультета.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dalakyan Daria Yu. - 5th year student of Pediatric Faculty.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ddy2310@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>14</issue><issue-title>Кардиология. Неотложная медицина (2)</issue-title><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Теплова Н.В., Евсиков Е.М., Гульбекова О.В., Джексембеков А.Г., Далакян Д.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Теплова Н.В., Евсиков Е.М., Гульбекова О.В., Джексембеков А.Г., Далакян Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Teplova N.V., Evsikov E.M., Gulbekova O.V., Jacksembekov A.G., Dalakyan D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3811">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3811</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Тромбоз является одним из наиболее опасных осложнений COVID-19 не только на пике заболевания, но и в отдаленном периоде. За время пандемии вопросы медицинской профилактики тромботических осложнений неоднократно пересматривались, уточнялись и дополнялись, но единственно правильной тактики их предупреждения и лечения пока не существует.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Определение частоты и характера развития венозных и артериальных тромбозов и тромбоцитопении у тяжелых больных с COVID-19 и пневмонией, с осложненным острым почечным повреждением течением заболевания, в том числе закончившихся летальным исходом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Данные стационарного лечения и диагностики 216 больных COVID-19 с вирусной пневмонией и признаками острого почечного повреждения (ОПП) по критериям KDIGO 2012. Группа 1. Умершие больные с тяжелым течением COVID-19 и пневмонией, с недостоверными признаками ОПП, 75 (мужчин 19, женщин 56, соотношение 1:2,9, возраст от 29 до 87 лет). ИВЛ у 56 (74,7 %). Группа 2. Умершие больные с COVID-19 и пневмонией с достоверными признаками ОПП, 77 (мужчин 34, женщин 43, соотношение 1:1,3, возраст от 41 до 88 лет). ИВЛ у 53 (70,7 %). Группа 3. Выздоровевшие пациенты с ОПП или ХБП, 64 (мужчин 41, женщин 23, соотношение 1:0,56, возраст от 43 до 89 лет). ИВЛ у 1 (1,6 %). Исследование гемостаза. Активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время по модифицированному методу реакции рекальцификации плазмы по Балуда В. П. и соавт. (1980). Уровень фибриногена в плазме крови этаноловым методом по Breen F., Tullis J. (1982). Концентрация Д-димера в крови методом микролатексной агглютинации с фотометрической регистрацией реакции (иммунотурбидиметрия).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У умерших стационарных больных с COVID-19 и пневмонией выявлена высокая, до 46–56 %, частота развития артериальных и венозных тромбозов различной локализации. Тромботическая опасность в значительной мере была связана с повышенным уровнем Д-димера и длительностью его увеличения в крови больных. Тромбоцитопения диагностировалась у 47–58 % больных и являлась значимым фактором риска развития летальных исходов. В случаях выявления у пациентов тромбоцитопении ниже 20 тыс. клеток в мкл оценивали ее характер по шкале 4Ts для выявления синдрома гепарин-ассоциированной тромбоцитопении. У 92–97 % пациентов назначались гепарины, в том числе и такие фракционированные (низкомолекулярные), как эноксапарин, надропарин, дальтепарин и фундапаринукс. Лишь небольшая часть случаев сочетания тромбозов и тромбоцитопении (около 2,3 %) была обусловлена характером проводимой медикаментозной терапии и развитием синдрома гепарин-ассоциированной тромбоцитопении.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о высокой значимости тромботических механизмов с участием Д-димера в патогенезе и исходах заболевания в группах умерших больных с COVID-19, пневмонией и ОПП и о преобладающем значении сосудистых повреждений в активации у них тромботического каскада.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>«Hemostasis disorders, thrombosis and thrombocytopenia in patients with covid-19 and pneumonia with complicated acute renal injury» Relevance. Thrombosis is one of the most dangerous complications of COVID-19 not only at the peak of the disease, but also in the long term. During the pandemic, the issues of medical prevention of thrombotic complications have been repeatedly reviewed, clarified and supplemented, but the only correct tactics for their prevention and treatment do not yet exist.</p><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study. To determine the frequency and nature of the development of venous and arterial thrombosis and thrombocytopenia in severe patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia, complicated by acute renal damage, the course of the disease, including fatal ones.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Data on inpatient treatment and diagnosis of 216 COVID-19 patients with viral pneumonia and signs of acute renal injury (AKI) according to KDIGO 2012 criteria. Group 1. Deceased patients with severe COVID-19 and pneumonia, with unreliable signs of AKI, 75 (men 19, women 56), ratio 1:2.9. Age from 29 to 87 years. Ventilation in 56 (74.7 %) Group 2. Deceased patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia with significant signs of AKI, 77 (men 34, women 43), ratio 1:1.3. Age from 41 to 88 years. Ventilation in 53 (70.7 %) Group 3. Recovered patients with AKI or CKD, 64 (men 41, women 23, ratio 1:0.56, age from 43 to 89 years). Ventilation in 1 (1.6 %). The study of hemostasis. Activated partial thromboplastin time according to the modified method of plasma recalcification reaction according to Baluda V. P. et al. (1980). The level of fibrinogen in blood plasma by the ethanol method according to Breen F., Tullis J. (1982). The concentration of D-dimer in the blood by microlatex agglutination with photometric registration of the reaction (immunoturbidimetry).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In deceased inpatient patients with Covid-19 and pneumonia, a high incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis of various localization was detected, up to 46–56 %. The thrombotic danger was largely associated with an increased level of D-dimer and the duration of its increase in the blood of patients. Thrombocytopenia was diagnosed in 47–58 % of patients and was a significant risk factor for the development of fatal outcomes. In cases of detection of thrombocytopenia in patients below 20 thousand cells in microl., its character was assessed on a 4Ts scale to identify the syndrome of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. 92–97 % of patients were prescribed heparins, including such fractionated (low molecular weight) ones as enoxaparin, nadroparin, dalteparin and fundaparinux. Only a small proportion of cases of combination of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (about 2.3 %) were due to the nature of drug therapy and the development of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia syndrome.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the high importance of thrombotic mechanisms involving D-dimer in the pathogenesis and outcomes of the disease in groups of deceased patients with covid-19, pneumonia and AKI and the predominant importance of vascular damage in the activation of the thrombotic cascade in them.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>острое почечное повреждение</kwd><kwd>тромбозы</kwd><kwd>тромбоцитопения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>СOVID-19</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>acute renal injury</kwd><kwd>thrombosis</kwd><kwd>thrombocytopenia</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Источник финансирования работы: бюджет Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare no conflict of interest. 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