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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2024-13-68-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-3726</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антихолинергическая нагрузка и состояние когнитивных функций у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с артериальной гипертензией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anticholinergic burden and the cognitive functions in elderly and senile patients with arterial hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-8225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроумова Ольга Дмитриевна - проф., д. м. н., зав. кафедрой терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М. С. Вовси РМАНПО; проф. кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ostroumova Olga D. - DM Sci (habil.), professor, head at the Dept of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M. S. Vovsi RMACPE; Professor at the Dept of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases I.M. Sechenov FMSMU.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostroumova.olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8941-7018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзамихов</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzamikhov</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дзамихов Кантемир Каральбиевич - аспирант, кафедра терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М. С. Вовси.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzamikhov Kantemir K. - 1st year graduate student of the Dept of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M. S. Vovsi.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kantemir.dk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5801-3742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кочетков Алексей Иванович - к. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М. С. Вовси.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kochetkov Aleksey I. - PhD Med, associate professor of the Dept of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M. S. Vovsi.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ak_info@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-247X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>Т. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроумова Татьяна Максимовна - к. м. н., ассистент кафедры нервных болезней и нейрохирургии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ostroumova Tatiana M. - PhD Med, assistant of the Dept of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.ostroumova3@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-4169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эбзеева</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ebzeyeva</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эбзеева Елизавета Юрьевна - к. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М. С. Вовси.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ebzeeva Elizaveta Yu. - PhD Med, associate professor, associate professor of the Dept of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M. S. Vovsi.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veta-veta67@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4463-8844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрианов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrianov</surname><given-names>А. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрианов Александр Игоревич - ординатор 2-го года обучения кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М. С. Вовси.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrianov Aleksandr I. - 2nd year resident of the Dept of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M. S. Vovsi.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandr.andrianov.95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-6731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дашабылова</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dashabylova</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дашабылова Виктория Баторовна - ординатор 2-го года обучения кафедры терапии и олиморбидной патологии имени академика М. С. Вовси.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dashabylova Viktoriya B. - MD, 2nd year resident of the Dept of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M. S. Vovsi.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dash.victoriya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>13</issue><issue-title>«Современная поликлиника» (1)</issue-title><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Остроумова О.Д., Дзамихов К.К., Кочетков А.И., Остроумова Т.М., Эбзеева Е.Ю., Андрианов А.И., Дашабылова В.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Остроумова О.Д., Дзамихов К.К., Кочетков А.И., Остроумова Т.М., Эбзеева Е.Ю., Андрианов А.И., Дашабылова В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostroumova O.D., Dzamikhov K.K., Kochetkov A.I., Ostroumova Т.M., Ebzeyeva E.Y., Andrianov А.I., Dashabylova V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3726">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3726</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценка влияния антихолинергической нагрузки (АХН) на когнитивные функции (КФ) полиморбидных пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с артериальной гипертензией (АГ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 330 пациентов в возрасте 60 лет и старше с эссенциальной АГ (медиана возраста 79 [72; 84] лет, 158 [51 %] женщин). Всем пациентам было проведено тестирование КФ с помощью Монреальской шкалы оценки когнитивных функций (МоСА), краткой шкалы оценки психического статуса (КШОПС), шкалы оценки болезни Альцгеймера – когнитивная субшкала (Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive, ADAS-cog), теста построения маршрута (Trial Making Test), теста замены цифровых символов (Digit Symbol Substitution Test, DSST), теста вербальных ассоциаций (литеральные [буквы] и категориальные [животные] ассоциации), Бостонского теста именования (Boston Naming Test, BNT), теста словесно-цветовой интерференции, теста Струпа (Stroop color-word conflict) и определена антихолинергическая нагрузка с помощью шкалы АХН (англ. Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale, АСВ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По сравнению с пациентами, не принимающими препараты с АХН, у полиморбидных больных пожилого и старческого возраста с АГ с 2 и более баллов по шкале АХН зафиксированы статистически значимо более низкие итоговые баллы по МоСА-тесту (23 [21; 24,3] против 24 [22; 25] баллов соответственно, р=0,042) и по КШОПС (26 [24; 29] против 27,5 [25; 29] баллов соответственно, р=0,015), они затратили статистически больше времени на выполнение части В теста построения маршрута (217,5 [187,3; 246,3] против 204 [166,8; 247,3] сек соответственно, р=0,038). Разница между временем выполнения части В и части А теста построения маршрута у пациентов с 2 и более баллами по шкале АХН была статистически значимо больше, чем у пациентов с 0 баллов по данной шкале (141 [103,8; 168,5] против 124 [83,8; 162] сек соответственно, р=0,034). Возраст, пол, образование и структура сопутствующих заболеваний между группами не различались.</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о неблагоприятном влиянии АХН на КФ полиморбидных пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с АГ и диктуют необходимость оптимизации фармакотерапии у данной категории больных.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of anticholinergic load (AHN) on cognitive functions (CF) in elderly and senile multimorbid patients with arterial hypertension (AH).</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 330 patients aged 60 years and older with essential AH were included in the study (median age 79 [72; 84] years, 158 (51 %) of women). All the patients were underwent the assesment of CF using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Mini-Mental Status Scale (MMS), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-cog), Trial Making Test (TMT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Verbal Association Test (literal (letter) and categorical (animal) associations), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Word-Color Interference Test, Stroop colorword conflict test. The anticholinergic load was determined using the anticholinergic load scale (Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale, ACB).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Compared with patients who do not take anticholinergic drugs, multimorbid elderly and senile hypertensive patients with 2 or more points on the ACB scale had significantly lower final scores on the MoCA test (23 [21; 24.3] versus 24 [22; 25] points, respectively, p=0.042) and on MMSE (26 [24; 29] vs. 27.5 [25; 29] points, respectively, p=0.015), they spent statistically more time completing part B of the TMT test (217.5 [187.3; 246.3] vs. 204 [166.8; 247.3] seconds, respectively, p=0.038). The difference between the execution time of part B and part A of the TMT test in patients with 2 or more points on the ACB scale was statistically significantly greater than in patients with 0 points on this scale (141 [103.8; 168.5] versus 124 [83.8; 162] sec, respectively, p=0.034). Age, gender, education, and the structure of concomitant diseases did not differ between the groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the adverse effect of аnticholinergic вurden on CF of multimorbid elderly and senile hypertensive patients and dictate the need to optimize pharmacotherapy in this category of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>нежелательные лекарственные реакции</kwd><kwd>лекарственные средства c антихолинергической активностью</kwd><kwd>шкала антихолинергической нагрузки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive function</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reactions</kwd><kwd>anticholinergic drugs</kwd><kwd>Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ушкалова Е. А., Ткачева О. Н., Рунихина Н. К. и соавт. 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