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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2024-6-39-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-3669</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование газообмена при разных режимах вентиляции в дыхательных упражнениях йоги</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of gas exchange under different modes of ventilation in yoga breathing exercises</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-6996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролов Артем Владимирович — врач функциональнойдиагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Frolov A. V.— functional diagnostics doctor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polyclinic@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4446-3731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маничев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manichev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маничев Игорь Александрович — кандидат физ-мат. наук, научный сотрудник, зам. директора</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Manichev I. A.— PhD in P&amp;M, Researcher, Deputy Director of Belintelmed LLC</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-9255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолаева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolaeva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермолаева Саргылана Александровна — аналитик медицинских данных, методист по адаптивной физкультуре</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ermolaeva S. A.— medical data analyst</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Санкт-Петербургский институт восточных методов реабилитации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Institute of Oriental Rehabilitation Methods</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Белинтелмед»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belintelmed LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title>Современная функциональная диагностика</issue-title><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фролов А.В., Маничев И.А., Ермолаева С.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фролов А.В., Маничев И.А., Ермолаева С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frolov A.V., Manichev I.A., Ermolaeva S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3669">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3669</self-uri><abstract><p>Дыхательные упражнения йоги, развивающие способность произвольной регуляции минутного объема дыхания (МОД) и поддержания состояния гиповентиляции, гипоксии и гиперкапнии, могут рассматриваться как способ гипоксически-гиперкапнического тренинга, потенциально способного влиять на церебральное кровообращение и факторы нейропротекции. Однако на данный момент не разработаны инструментальные способы их регистрации, не изучены особенности дыхательных режимов, влияющих на способность развития произвольной гиповентиляции.</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: В исследовании приняли участие 44 человека (32 мужчины и 12 женщин), регулярно практикующие дыхательные техники йоги с произвольным снижением частоты дыхания с использованием максимального дыхательного объема (ДО). Осуществлялась регистрация свободного дыхания в течение 2 минут, далее каждый испытуемый выполнял доступный ему дыхательный гиповентиляционный паттерн (минимальные значения ЧД с максимальным ДО, вдох и выдох по длительности равны друг другу). Определялись следующие параметры внешнего дыхания: частота дыхания (ЧД), минутный объем дыхания (МОД), дыхательный объем (ДО), парциальное давление CO2 в выдыхаемом воздухе в конце выдоха (PetCO2 ), процентное содержания О2 в выдыхаемом воздухе (FeO2 ) и сатурации гемоглобина (SpO2 ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: По сравнению с дыханием в покое (МОД = M±SD 8,51 ± 2,57 (95% ДИ 7,72–9,29) л/мин; PetCO2 = M±SD 36,98 ± 3,71 (95% ДИ 35,85–38,11) мм рт. ст.) режим с ЧД = 3/мин (вдох и выдох по 10 с), n = 44, приводит к увеличению МОД до M±SD 12,02 ± 3,42 (95% ДИ 10,98–13,06) л/мин (p&lt; 0,001) иснижению CO2 : PetCO2 = M±SD 33,99 ± 3,59 (95% ДИ 32,90–35,08) мм рт. ст. (p&lt; 0,001) — то есть развитию альвеолярной гипокапнии. Режим с ЧД = 1,5/мин (вдох и выдох по 20 с), n = 44, демонстрирует снижение МОД до M±SD 5,95 ± 1,59 (95% ДИ 5,46–6,43) л/мин (p &lt; 0,001) и рост PetCO2 до M±SD 41,19 ± 3,71 (95% ДИ 40,06–42,32) мм рт. ст. (p &lt; 0,001). Режим с ЧД = 1/мин (вдох и выдох по 30 с), n = 24: при снижении ЧД до 1 раза/мин наблюдалось снижение МОД до M±SD 4,22 ± 0,92 (95% ДИ 3,83–4,61) л/мин (p &lt; 0,001) и рост PetCO2 до M±SD 44,05 ± 3,05 (95% ДИ 42,76–45,33) мм рт. ст. (p &lt; 0,001). Паттерн дыхания с ЧД = 1 р/мин сопровождается статистически значимым снижением МОД по сравнению с покоем, а также увеличением PetCO2 и снижением FeO2 , то есть является гиповентиляционным. Нами предложен коэффициент вентиляции (Квент), представляющий собой отношение МОД/ЖЕЛ, позволяющий судить о том, при каких значениях МОД индивидуум достигает состояния гиповентиляции. Предварительно на данной выборке показано, что дыхательное упражнение становится гиповентиляционным при значениях Квент, равных или меньших 1. При Квент в интервале от 1 до 2 режим вентиляции лежит в рамках нормальных значений, при Квент более 2 имеет место гипервентиляция.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: при выполнении дыхательных упражнений йоги наблюдаются вариации МОД как в сторону гипервентиляции, так и в сторону гиповентиляции с соответствующими сдвигами газообмена (гипокапния при гипервентиляции, гиперкапния при гиповентиляции). Значения МОД, при котором индивидуум достигает гиповентиляционного режима, индивидуальны и могут быть спрогнозированы с помощью коэффициента вентиляции (Квент). </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Yoga breathing exercises that develop the ability to voluntarily regulate the minute volume of respiration (MV) and maintain the state of hypoventilation, hypoxia and hypercapnia, can be considered as a way of hypoxic-hypercapnic training, potentially capable of influencing cerebral circulation and neuroprotective factors. However, at the moment, individual anthropometric features that affect the ability to develop a hypoventilation mode of breathing have not been studied, and methodological criteria for training have not been developed.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: The study involved 44 people (32 men and 12 women) who regularly practice yoga breathing techniques with a voluntary decrease in respiratory rate using maximum tidal volume (TV). Free breathing was recorded for 2 minutes, then each subject performed the respiratory hypoventilation pattern available to him or her (minimum RR values with maximum TV, inhalation and exhalation were of equal duration). The following parameters of external respiration were determined: respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (MV), tidal volume (TV), partial pressure of CO2 in the exhaled air at the end of exhalation (PetCO2 ), percentage of O2 in the exhaled air (FeO2) and hemoglobin saturation (SpO2 ).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Compared to breathing at rest (MV = M±SD 8.51 ± 2.57 (95% CI 7.72–9.29) l/min; PetCO2 = M±SD 36.98 ± 3.71 (95% CI 35.85–38.11) mm Hg), the mode with RR = 3 times/min (inspiration and expiration for 10 s), n = 44, leads to an increase in MV up to M±SD 12.02 ± 3.42 (95% CI 10.98–13.06) l/min (p &lt; 0.001) and a decrease of CO2 : PetCO2 = M±SD 33.99 ± 3.59 (95% CI 32.90–35.08) mm Hg (p &lt; 0.001) — that is, to development of alveolar hypocapnia. The mode with RR = 1.5 times/min (inhalation and exhalation for 20 s), n = 44, demonstrates a decrease in MV to M±SD 5.95 ± 1.59 (95% CI 5.46–6.43) l/min (p &lt; 0.001) and growth of PetCO2 up to M±SD 41.19 ± 3.71 (95% CI 40.06–42.32) mm Hg (p &lt; 0.001). The mode with RR = 1 time/min (inspiration and exhalation for 30 s), n = 24: with a decrease in RR to 1 time/min, a decrease in MV was observed to M±SD 4.22 ± 0.92 (95% CI 3.83–4.61) l / min (p &lt; 0.001) and an increase in PetCO2 up to M±SD 44.05 ± 3.05 (95% CI 42.76–45.33) mm Hg (p &lt; 0.001). The breathing pattern with RR = 1 r/min is accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in MV compared to rest, as well as an increase in PetCO2 and a decrease in FeO2 , that is, it is hypoventilation. We have proposed a ventilation coefficient (Qvent), which is the ratio MV/VC, which allows us to judge at what values of MV an individual reaches a state of hypoventilation. It was previously shown in this sample that the breathing exercise becomes hypoventilation when Qvent values are equal to or less than 1. With Qvent in the range from 1 to 2, the ventilation mode is within normal values, and when Qvent is more than 2, hyperventilation occurs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: when performing yoga breathing exercises, variations in MV are observed both in the direction of hyperventilation and in the direction of hypoventilation with corresponding shifts in gas exchange (hypocapnia with hyperventilation, hypercapnia with hypoventilation). The MV values at which an individual reaches hypoventilation vary from person to person and can be predicted using the ventilation coefficient (Qvent).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спирометрия</kwd><kwd>газоанализ</kwd><kwd>дыхательные упражнения</kwd><kwd>йога</kwd><kwd>коэффициент вентиляции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spirometry</kwd><kwd>gas analysis</kwd><kwd>breathing exercises</kwd><kwd>yoga</kwd><kwd>ventilation coefficient</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muralikrishnan K., Balakrishnan B., Balasubramanian K., Visnegarawla F. Measurement of the effect of Isha Yoga on cardiac autonomic nervous system using short-term heart rate variability. Journal of Ayurveda &amp; Integrative Medicine. 2012. April-June. Vol 3. 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