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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2024-3-7-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-3633</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности морфогенеза  инфаркта  миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST при механическом восстановлении эпикардиального кровотока без ЭКГ-признаков реперфузии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Peculiarities of the ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction morphogenesis after mechanical restoration of epicardial blood flow without ECG signs of reperfusion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-8499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нефедова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nefedova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нефёдова Галина Александровна, к.м.н., в.н.с. лаборатории патоморфологии с гистохимией отдела патологической анатомии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nefedova Galina A., PhD Med, leading researcher at Laboratory of Pathomorphology with histochemistry of Dept of Pathological Anatomy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">NefedovaGA@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-6212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газарян</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazaryan</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Газарян Георгий Арташесович, д.м.н., проф., зав. отделением неотложной кардиологии с методами неинвазивной функциональной диагностики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gazaryan Georgy A., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Emergency Cardiology with Methods of Noninvasive Functional Diagnostics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gigls@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7843-5782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>Г. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>G. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титова Галина Павловна, д.м.н., проф., зав. отделом патологической анатомии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Titova Galina Pavlovna, DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of pathological anatomy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TitovaGP@sklif.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н. В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>Кардиология. Неотложная медицина (1)</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нефедова Г.А., Газарян Г.А., Титова Г.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нефедова Г.А., Газарян Г.А., Титова Г.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nefedova G.A., Gazaryan G.A., Titova G.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3633">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3633</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучение особенностей морфогенеза ИМпST при механическом восстановлении эпикардиального кровотока в отсутствии ЭКГ-признаков реперфузии. Обследовано 44 умерших с применением ЧКВ в первые 12 (27 случаев) и 12–24 часа (17 случаев) без ЭКГ-признаков реперфузии, группу сравнения составили 85 умерших без реперфузионной терапии (РТ). Гистологическое исследование миокарда проводилось в сроки: до 12, 13–24 часа, 2–4 суток, 5–8, 9–15 и 16–22 суток. Как при восстановлении кровотока без ЭКГ-признаков реперфузии, так и в отсутствии РТ, наиболее частой причиной смерти являлась острая левожелудочковая недостаточность (ОЛЖН): 85 и 79 % соответственно. В обеих группах число умерших в первые 12 часов превысило треть, с учетом последующих 12 – половину, еще 2–3 суток – две трети от общего количества. Частота неблагоприятных признаков: старших возрастных групп, переднего и повторного ИМ, трехсосудистого поражения КА и большой площади инфаркта была идентичной. С первых часов после ЧКВ зона инфаркта отличалась геморрагическим пропитыванием, многочисленными повреждениями микроциркуляторного русла, со 2–4 суток – признаками восстановления кровотока в поврежденных сосудах, с 5–7 суток – ранними проявлениями репарации. При ИМ без ЧКВ геморрагическая демаркация начиналась с 3–4 суток, в микроциркуляторном русле преобладал коагуляционный некроз, признаки репарации появлялись в более поздние сроки. Множественными спазмы и тромбозы в микроциркуляторном русле могут быть ответной реакцией на падение артериального давления, сопровождающее острое снижение сократительной функции левого желудочка, вызванное большой площадью инфаркта и/или неразрешенными осложнениями, возникающими в ходе самих вмешательств. Этот механизм объясняет быстрое прогрессирование левожелудочковой недостаточности – наиболее частой причины смерти после вмешательств с достижением эпикардиального кровотока без ЭКГ-признаков реперфузии. Выявленные нарушения микроциркуляции отражают отсутствие миокардиальной реперфузии, прогностически более значимой, чем восстановление эпикардиального кровотока.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of STEMI morphogenesis after mechanical restoration of epicardial blood flow without ECG signs of reperfusion. The autopsy data of 44 patients with STEMI who died at different times after PCI performed within the first 12 hours (27 cases), or 12–24 hours (17 cases), without ECG signs of reperfusion after the intervention, were analyzed. The comparison group consisted of 85 deceased without reperfusion therapy (RT). Histological examination of the myocardium was performed at following time: within 12 hours, at 13–24 hours, 2–4 days, 5–8 days, 9–15 and 16–22 days. The most common cause of death was acute left ventricular failure (ALVF) both in the group of blood flow restoration without ECG signs of reperfusion, and in the group without RT: 85 % and 79 %, respectively. In each of the two groups the number of deaths occurred in the first 12 hours exceeded one third, half of the patients died in the subsequent 12 hours, two thirds of the deaths occurred within further 2–3 days. The rates of risk factors: older age, anterior and recurrent myocardial infarction, three-vessel lesion of the coronary artery, and a large infarction area were similar in the two groups. From the first hours after PCI, the infarction zone was characterized by hemorrhagic imbibition, numerous injuries of the microcirculatory bed, by the signs of blood flow restoration in damaged vessels appeared from days 2–4, early manifestations of repair from days 5–7. In the MI group without PCI, the hemorrhagic demarcation started on days from 3–4, coagulation necrosis prevailed in the microvascular bed, signs of repair appeared at a later date. Multiple spasms and thromboses in the microvasculature may have been a response to a blood pressure drop that accompanies an acute decrease in the left ventricle contractile function caused by a large infarction area and/or unresolved complications arising during the interventions per se. This mechanism explains the rapid progression of left ventricular failure, the most common cause of death after the interventions with achieving the epicardial blood flow without ECG signs of reperfusion. The revealed microcirculation disorders reflect the absence of myocardial reperfusion, which is more prognostically significant than the restoration of epicardial blood flow.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфаркт миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST</kwd><kwd>ранние ЧКВ</kwd><kwd>инфаркт-связанная артерия</kwd><kwd>эпикардиальный кровоток</kwd><kwd>ЭКГ-признаки реперфузии</kwd><kwd>миокардиальная реперфузия</kwd><kwd>острая левожелудочковая недостаточность</kwd><kwd>морфогенез</kwd><kwd>геморрагическое пропитывание</kwd><kwd>нарушения микроциркуляции</kwd><kwd>репарация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>early PCI</kwd><kwd>infarct-associated artery</kwd><kwd>epicardial blood flow</kwd><kwd>ECG signs of reperfusion</kwd><kwd>myocardial reperfusion</kwd><kwd>acute left ventricular failure</kwd><kwd>morphogenesis</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic impregnation</kwd><kwd>microcirculation disorders</kwd><kwd>reparation. Keywords: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>early PCI</kwd><kwd>infarct-associated artery</kwd><kwd>epicardial blood flow</kwd><kwd>ECG signs of reperfusion</kwd><kwd>myocardial reperfusion</kwd><kwd>acute left ventricular failure</kwd><kwd>morphogenesis</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic imbibition</kwd><kwd>microcirculation disorders</kwd><kwd>repair</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Целлариус Ю. Г., Семенова Л.А. Гистопатология очаговых метаболических повреждений миокарда. Новосибирск: Наука; 1972. с. 78–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cellarius Yu.G., Semenova L.A. Histopathology of focal metabolic myocardial injuries. Novosibirsk: Nauka; 1972. с. 78–81. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаров В. Г. 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