medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2023-29-55-60medalphabet-3418Research ArticleСтатьиФакторы, влияющие на биодоступность витамина DFactors affecting the bioavailability of vitamin Dhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-1082ВодолазкаяА. Н.VodolazkayaA. N.

Водолазкая Ангелина Николаевна, врач-эндокринолог, диетолог, руководитель направления обучения по нутрициологии

Москва

Vodolazkaya Angelina N., endocrinologist, nutritionist, head of training in nutritional science

Moscow

drvodolazkaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-3591ОрловаС. В.OrlovaS. V.

Орлова Светлана Владимировна, д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой диетологии и клинической нутрициологии; главный научный сотрудник

Москва

Orlova Svetlana V., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology; Chief Researcher

Moscow

orlova-sv@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-2131БатышеваТ. Т.BatyshevaТ. Т.

Батышева Татьяна Тимофеевна, д.м.н., проф., директор; глав. внештатный детский специалист-невролог ДЗМ, глав. внештатный детский специалист по медицинской реабилитации Минздрава России, зав. кафедрой неврологии, физической, реабилитационной медицины и психологии детского возраста; заслуженный врач РФ

Москва

Batysheva Tatiana T., DM Sci (habil.), professor; director; head. freelance pediatric specialist neurologist of the Department of Healthcare, head. freelance children’s specialist in medical rehabilitation of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, head. Department of Neurology, Physical, Rehabilitation Medicine and Childhood Psychology, Federal Scientific Educational Institution MI RUDN University, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-0333НикитинаЕ. А.NikitinaЕ. А.

Никитина Елена Александровна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры диетологии и клинической нутрициологии; научный сотрудник

Москва

Nikitina Elena A., PhD Med, assistant professor of Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology; Researcher

Moscow

nikitina-ea1@rudn.ruБалашоваН. В.BalashovaV. B.

Балашова Наталья Валерьевна, к.б.н., доцент кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики факультета усовершенствования врачей; доцент кафедры диетологии и клинической нутрициологии

Author ID: 832745

Москва

Balashova Natalya V., PhD Bio Sci, assistant professor at Dept of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Faculty of Advanced Training of Doctors; assistant professor at Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology

Moscow

BalashovaN77@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-9459ПрокопенкоЕ. В.ProkopenkoE. V.

Прокопенко Елена Валерьевна, врач-эндокринолог, диетолог, ведущий менеджер проектов медицинского департамента

Москва

Prokopenko Elena V., endocrinologist, dietitian, Project Manager of Medical Department

Moscow

elvprokopenko@gmail.comАвстрийская клиника микронутриентной терапии BiogenaРоссияAustrian Clinic of Micronutrient Therapy BiogenaRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» имени Патриса Лумумбы; ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр детской психоневрологии Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»РоссияRussian Peoples’ Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba; Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Psychoneurology of the Moscow Department of Healt»Russian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» имени Патриса Лумумбы; ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр детской психоневрологии Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»РоссияRussian Peoples’ Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba; Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Psychoneurology of the Moscow Department of HealtRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» имени Патриса Лумумбы; ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»РоссияRussian Peoples’ Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba; Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M. F. VladimirskyRussian FederationООО «ИНВИТРО»РоссияINVITRO Limited Liability CompanyRussian Federation202304122023029«Диетология и нутрициология» (2)5560Copyright © Водолазкая А.Н., Орлова С.В., Батышева Т.Т., Никитина Е.А., Балашова Н.В., Прокопенко Е.В., 20232023Водолазкая А.Н., Орлова С.В., Батышева Т.Т., Никитина Е.А., Балашова Н.В., Прокопенко Е.В.Vodolazkaya A.N., Orlova S.V., Batysheva Т.Т., Nikitina Е.А., Balashova V.B., Prokopenko E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3418

На текущий момент накоплено достаточно знаний, дающих понимание, что статус витамина D (ВD) имеет решающее значение для общего состояния здоровья. Недостаточность витамина D является широко распространенной проблемой, и сложности с его адекватным восполнением сохраняются, ведь на усвоение и биодоступность витамина D влияют сразу множество факторов. Возраст, диета, генетика, факторы окружающей среды, образ жизни, кишечная микробиота и форма выпуска витамина – все это играет важную роль в модуляции статуса витамина D в организме. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для изучения этих факторов и их взаимодействия для разработки эффективных стратегий оптимизации витаминного статуса организма человека.

There is now enough knowledge to suggest that vitamin D status is critical to overall health and balance. Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread problem and difficulties with its adequate replenishment remain, because many factors influence the absorption and bioavailability of vitamin D influenced by many factors at once. Age, diet, genetics, environmental factors, lifestyle, gut microbiome, and pharmaceutical formulation all play important roles in modulating vitamin D status in the body. Future research should continue to explore these factors and their interactions to develop effective strategies for optimizing vitamin status in humans.

витамин D25(ОH)Dхолекальциферолбиодоступностьпроизводственные формы выпускаvitamin D25(OH)Dcholecalciferolbioavailabilityproduction formsReferencesChristakos S., Dhawan P., Verstuyf A., Verlinden L., Carmeliet G. Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects. Physiol. Rev. 2016; 96: 365–408. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2015Christakos S., Dhawan P., Verstuyf A., Verlinden L., Carmeliet G. Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects. Physiol. Rev. 2016; 96: 365–408. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2015Spiro A, Buttriss JL. Vitamin D: An overview of vitamin D status and intake in Europe. Nutr. Bull. 2014 Dec; 39 (4): 322–350. DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12108. PMID: 25635171; PMCID: PMC4288313Spiro A, Buttriss JL. Vitamin D: An overview of vitamin D status and intake in Europe. Nutr. Bull. 2014 Dec; 39 (4): 322–350. DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12108. PMID: 25635171; PMCID: PMC4288313Chalcraft JR, Cardinal LM, Wechsler PJ, Hollis BW, Gerow KG, Alexander BM, et al. Vitamin D synthesis following a single bout of sun exposure in older and younger men and women. Nutrients 2020; 12: 2237. DOI: 10.3390/nu12082237Chalcraft JR, Cardinal LM, Wechsler PJ, Hollis BW, Gerow KG, Alexander BM, et al. Vitamin D synthesis following a single bout of sun exposure in older and younger men and women. Nutrients 2020; 12: 2237. DOI: 10.3390/nu12082237Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010.Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010.Ofoedu CE, Iwouno JO, Ofoedu EO, Ogueke CC, Igwe VS, Agunwah IM, Ofoedum AF, Chacha JS, Muobike OP, Agunbiade AO, Njoku NE, Nwakaudu AA, Odimegwu NE, Ndukauba OE, Ogbonna CU, Naibaho J, Korus M, Okpala COR. Revisiting foodsourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. PeerJ. 2021 Sep 1; 9: e11940. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11940. PMID: 34557342; PMCID: PMC8418216Ofoedu CE, Iwouno JO, Ofoedu EO, Ogueke CC, Igwe VS, Agunwah IM, Ofoedum AF, Chacha JS, Muobike OP, Agunbiade AO, Njoku NE, Nwakaudu AA, Odimegwu NE, Ndukauba OE, Ogbonna CU, Naibaho J, Korus M, Okpala COR. Revisiting foodsourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. PeerJ. 2021 Sep 1; 9: e11940. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11940. PMID: 34557342; PMCID: PMC8418216Benedik E. Sources of vitamin D for humans. Int J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 2022 Mar; 92 (2): 118–125. DOI: 10.1024/0300–9831/a000733. Epub 2021 Oct 18. PMID: 34658250Benedik E. Sources of vitamin D for humans. Int J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 2022 Mar; 92 (2): 118–125. DOI: 10.1024/0300–9831/a000733. Epub 2021 Oct 18. PMID: 34658250Galchenko A, Gapparova K, Sidorova E. The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. 2021; 11 (1): 1–17. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1996330Galchenko A, Gapparova K, Sidorova E. The influence of vegetarian and vegan diets on the state of bone mineral density in humans. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. 2021; 11 (1): 1–17. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1996330Galchenko AV, Rajit R. Vitamin D and its status in vegetarians and vegans. Problems of biological, medical and pharmaceutical chemistry. 2021; 11. DOI: 10.29296/25877313– 2021–11–04Galchenko AV, Rajit R. Vitamin D and its status in vegetarians and vegans. Problems of biological, medical and pharmaceutical chemistry. 2021; 11. DOI: 10.29296/25877313– 2021–11–04Aravindhan AG, Ralston SH, Brandi ML, et al. Investigators; GENOMOS Study. The association between common vitamin D receptor gene variations and osteoporosis: a participant-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern. Med. 2006 Aug 15; 145 (4): 255–64. DOI: 10.7326/0003–4819–145–4–200608150–00005.Aravindhan AG, Ralston SH, Brandi ML, et al. Investigators; GENOMOS Study. The association between common vitamin D receptor gene variations and osteoporosis: a participant-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern. Med. 2006 Aug 15; 145 (4): 255–64. DOI: 10.7326/0003–4819–145–4–200608150–00005.Smagina IV, Lunev KV, Elchaninova SA, Elchaninova EYu. Association of vitamin D metabolism enzyme gene polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis risk: pilot study. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2021; 121 (7–2): 70–74.Smagina IV, Lunev KV, Elchaninova SA, Elchaninova EYu. Association of vitamin D metabolism enzyme gene polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis risk: pilot study. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2021; 121 (7–2): 70–74.Mailyan E.A., Reznichenko N.A., Mailyan D.E. Association of vitamin D system gene polymorphisms with some human diseases. Vyatka honey messenger 2017; 2 (54).Mailyan E.A., Reznichenko N.A., Mailyan D.E. Association of vitamin D system gene polymorphisms with some human diseases. Vyatka honey messenger 2017; 2 (54).Liu X, Baylin A, Levy PD. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: prevalence, predictors and clinical implications. Br.J. Nutr. 2018 Apr; 119 (8): 928–936. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518000491. PMID: 29644951Liu X, Baylin A, Levy PD. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: prevalence, predictors and clinical implications. Br.J. Nutr. 2018 Apr; 119 (8): 928–936. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114518000491. PMID: 29644951Yang L, Zhao H, Liu K, Wang Y, Liu Q, Sun T, Chen S, Ren L. Smoking behavior and circulating vitamin D levels in adults: A meta-analysis. Food Sci. Nutr. 2021 Aug 5; 9 (10): 5820–5832. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2488. PMID: 34646549; PMCID: PMC8497833.Yang L, Zhao H, Liu K, Wang Y, Liu Q, Sun T, Chen S, Ren L. Smoking behavior and circulating vitamin D levels in adults: A meta-analysis. Food Sci. Nutr. 2021 Aug 5; 9 (10): 5820–5832. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2488. PMID: 34646549; PMCID: PMC8497833.Noushin Hadadi, Vincent Berweiler, Haiping Wang, Mirko Trajkovski. Intestinal microbiota as a route for micronutrient bioavailability, Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research. Vol. 20, 2021, 100285. ISSN2451–9650, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. coemr.2021.100285Noushin Hadadi, Vincent Berweiler, Haiping Wang, Mirko Trajkovski. Intestinal microbiota as a route for micronutrient bioavailability, Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research. Vol. 20, 2021, 100285. ISSN2451–9650, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. coemr.2021.100285Kumar J, Muntner P, Kaskel FJ, Hailpern SM. Prevalence and associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in US children: NHANES2001–2004. Pediatrics. 2009; 124 (3): e362–70.Kumar J, Muntner P, Kaskel FJ, Hailpern SM. Prevalence and associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in US children: NHANES2001–2004. Pediatrics. 2009; 124 (3): e362–70.Sizar O, Khare S, Goyal A, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532266/Sizar O, Khare S, Goyal A, et al. Vitamin D Deficiency. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532266/Cediel G, Pacheco-Acosta J, CastiUo-Durdn C. Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric clinical practice. Arch. Argent. Pediatr. 2018 Feb 1; 116 (1): e75–e81. English, Spanish. DOI: 10.5546/aap.2018.eng.e75. PMID: 29333826Cediel G, Pacheco-Acosta J, CastiUo-Durdn C. Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric clinical practice. Arch. Argent. Pediatr. 2018 Feb 1; 116 (1): e75–e81. English, Spanish. DOI: 10.5546/aap.2018.eng.e75. PMID: 29333826Michael F Holick, Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease23, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2004; 80 (6): 1678S 1688S. ISSN0002–9165, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1678S.Michael F Holick, Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease23, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2004; 80 (6): 1678S 1688S. ISSN0002–9165, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1678S.Kennel KA, Drake MT, Hurley DL. Vitamin D deficiency in adults: when to test and how to treat. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2010 Aug; 85 (8): 752–7; quiz 757–8. DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0138. PMID: 20675513; PMCID: PMC2912737Kennel KA, Drake MT, Hurley DL. Vitamin D deficiency in adults: when to test and how to treat. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2010 Aug; 85 (8): 752–7; quiz 757–8. DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0138. PMID: 20675513; PMCID: PMC2912737Holick MF. Vitamin D: a d-lightful solution for health. J. Investig Med. 2011 Aug; 59 (6): 872–80. DOI: 10.2310/JIM.0b013e318214ea2d. PMID: 21415774; PMCID: PMC3738435.Holick MF. Vitamin D: a d-lightful solution for health. J. Investig Med. 2011 Aug; 59 (6): 872–80. DOI: 10.2310/JIM.0b013e318214ea2d. PMID: 21415774; PMCID: PMC3738435.Maltsev S.V., Mansurov G. Sh. Metabolism of vitamin D and ways of realizing its main functions. Practical medicine. 2014; 9 (85): 12–14.Maltsev S.V., Mansurov G. Sh. Metabolism of vitamin D and ways of realizing its main functions. Practical medicine. 2014; 9 (85): 12–14.Uwitonze AM, Razzaque MS. Role of Magnesium in Vitamin D Activation and Function. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 2018 Mar 1; 118 (3): 181–189. DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2018.037. PMID: 29480918Uwitonze AM, Razzaque MS. Role of Magnesium in Vitamin D Activation and Function. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 2018 Mar 1; 118 (3): 181–189. DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2018.037. PMID: 29480918Rude R.K. Skeletal adenylate cyclase: Effect of Mg2+, Ca2+, and PTH. Calcif Tissue. Int 37, 318–323 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02554881Rude R.K. Skeletal adenylate cyclase: Effect of Mg2+, Ca2+, and PTH. Calcif Tissue. Int 37, 318–323 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02554881Rude R.K., Adams J.S., Ryzen.E. et al. Low serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human magnesium deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1985; 61 (5): 933–940. DOI: 10.1210 /jcem 61–5–933Rude R.K., Adams J.S., Ryzen.E. et al. Low serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human magnesium deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1985; 61 (5): 933–940. DOI: 10.1210 /jcem 61–5–933Khalid N., Kobayashi I., Wang Z., Neves M.A., Uemura K., Nakajima M., Nabetani H. Formulation of monodisperse oil-in-water emulsions loaded with ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol by microchannel emulsification: Insights of production characteristics and stability. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2015; 50: 1807–1814. DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12832Khalid N., Kobayashi I., Wang Z., Neves M.A., Uemura K., Nakajima M., Nabetani H. Formulation of monodisperse oil-in-water emulsions loaded with ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol by microchannel emulsification: Insights of production characteristics and stability. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2015; 50: 1807–1814. DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12832Goncalves A., Gleize B., Bott R. et al. Phytosterols can impair vitamin D intestinal absorption in vitro and in mice. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2011; 55 (S2): S303–S311. https://doi. org/10.1002/mnfr.201100055Goncalves A., Gleize B., Bott R. et al. Phytosterols can impair vitamin D intestinal absorption in vitro and in mice. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2011; 55 (S2): S303–S311. https://doi. org/10.1002/mnfr.201100055Silva MC, Furlanetto TW. Intestinal absorption of vitamin D: a systematic review. Nutr. Rev. 2018; 76 (1): 60–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux034Silva MC, Furlanetto TW. Intestinal absorption of vitamin D: a systematic review. Nutr. Rev. 2018; 76 (1): 60–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux034Aravindhan S, Almasoody MFM, Selman NA, Andreevna AN, Ravali S, Mohammadi P, Eslami MM, Razi B, Aslani S, Imani D. Vitamin D Receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes: evidence from a meta-regression and meta-analysis based on 47 studies. J. Diabetes Metab Disord. 2021 Jan 25; 20 (1): 845–867. DOI: 10.1007/ s40200–020–00704-z. PMID: 34222093; PMCID: PMC8212222Aravindhan S, Almasoody MFM, Selman NA, Andreevna AN, Ravali S, Mohammadi P, Eslami MM, Razi B, Aslani S, Imani D. Vitamin D Receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes: evidence from a meta-regression and meta-analysis based on 47 studies. J. Diabetes Metab Disord. 2021 Jan 25; 20 (1): 845–867. DOI: 10.1007/ s40200–020–00704-z. PMID: 34222093; PMCID: PMC8212222Yang C, Li D, Tian Y, Wang P. Ambient Air Pollutions Are Associated with Vitamin D Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 27; 18 (13): 6887. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136887. PMID: 34198962; PMCID: PMC8297026Yang C, Li D, Tian Y, Wang P. Ambient Air Pollutions Are Associated with Vitamin D Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 27; 18 (13): 6887. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136887. PMID: 34198962; PMCID: PMC8297026He H, Zeng Y, Wang X, Yang L, Zhang M, An Z. Meteorological Condition and Air Pollution Exposure Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study in China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020 Oct 29; 13: 2317–2324. DOI: 10.2147/ RMHP.S273145. PMID: 33154683; PMCID: PMC7605970.He H, Zeng Y, Wang X, Yang L, Zhang M, An Z. Meteorological Condition and Air Pollution Exposure Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study in China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020 Oct 29; 13: 2317–2324. DOI: 10.2147/ RMHP.S273145. PMID: 33154683; PMCID: PMC7605970.Yuan L, Ni J. The association between tobacco smoke exposure and vitamin D levels among US general population, 2001–2014: temporal variation and inequalities in population susceptibility. Environ Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2022 May; 29 (22): 32773–32787. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17905-5. Epub 2022 Jan 12. PMID: 35020139; PMCID: PMC8752386Yuan L, Ni J. The association between tobacco smoke exposure and vitamin D levels among US general population, 2001–2014: temporal variation and inequalities in population susceptibility. Environ Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2022 May; 29 (22): 32773–32787. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17905-5. Epub 2022 Jan 12. PMID: 35020139; PMCID: PMC8752386Vázquez-Lorente H, Molina-López J, Herrera-Quintana L, Gamarra-Morales Y, LópezGonzález B, Planells E. Association between Body Fatness and Vitamin D3 Status in a Postmenopausal Population. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 29; 12 (3): 667. DOI: 10.3390/nu12030667. PMID: 32121398; PMCID: PMC7146150Vázquez-Lorente H, Molina-López J, Herrera-Quintana L, Gamarra-Morales Y, LópezGonzález B, Planells E. Association between Body Fatness and Vitamin D3 Status in a Postmenopausal Population. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 29; 12 (3): 667. DOI: 10.3390/nu12030667. PMID: 32121398; PMCID: PMC7146150Sugimoto H, Shinkyo R, Hayashi K, Yoneda S, Yamada M, Kamakura M. et al. Crystal structure of CYP105A1 (P450SU 1) in complex with 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3†,‡. Biochemistry. 2008; 47: 4017–27. DOI: 10.1021/bi7023767Sugimoto H, Shinkyo R, Hayashi K, Yoneda S, Yamada M, Kamakura M. et al. Crystal structure of CYP105A1 (P450SU 1) in complex with 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3†,‡. Biochemistry. 2008; 47: 4017–27. DOI: 10.1021/bi7023767Wu S. et al. Intestinal epithelial vitamin D receptor deletion leads to defective autophagy in colitis. Gut, 64 (2015), pp. 1082–1094.Wu S. et al. Intestinal epithelial vitamin D receptor deletion leads to defective autophagy in colitis. Gut, 64 (2015), pp. 1082–1094.Glowka E, Stasiak J, Lulek J. Drug Delivery Systems for Vitamin D Supplementation and Therapy. Pharmaceutics. 2019 Jul 18; 11 (7): 347. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070347. PMID: 31323777; PMCID: PMC6680748Glowka E, Stasiak J, Lulek J. Drug Delivery Systems for Vitamin D Supplementation and Therapy. Pharmaceutics. 2019 Jul 18; 11 (7): 347. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070347. PMID: 31323777; PMCID: PMC6680748Moukayed M., Grant W.B. The roles of UVB and vitamin D in reducing risk of cancer incidence and mortality: A review of the epidemiology, clinical trials, and mechanisms. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2017; 18: 167–182. DOI: 10.1007/s11154–017–9415–2.Moukayed M., Grant W.B. The roles of UVB and vitamin D in reducing risk of cancer incidence and mortality: A review of the epidemiology, clinical trials, and mechanisms. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2017; 18: 167–182. DOI: 10.1007/s11154–017–9415–2.Merchan B.B., Morcillo S., Martin-Nunez G., Tinahones F.J., Macias-Gonzalez M. The role of vitamin D and VDR in carcinogenesis: Through epidemiology and basic sciences. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2017; 167: 203–218. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.020Merchan B.B., Morcillo S., Martin-Nunez G., Tinahones F.J., Macias-Gonzalez M. The role of vitamin D and VDR in carcinogenesis: Through epidemiology and basic sciences. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2017; 167: 203–218. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.020Pandolfi F., Franza L., Mandolini C., Conti P. Immune Modulation by Vitamin D: Special Emphasis on Its Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Clin. Ther. 2017; 39: 884–893. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.012Pandolfi F., Franza L., Mandolini C., Conti P. Immune Modulation by Vitamin D: Special Emphasis on Its Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Clin. Ther. 2017; 39: 884–893. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.012Hansen C.M., Hamberg K.J., Binderup E., Binderup L. Seocalcitol (EB1089) A Vitamin D Analogue of Anti-cancer Potential. Background, Design, Synthesis, Pre-clinical and Clinical Evaluation. Cur. Pharm. Des. 2000; 6: 803–828. DOI: 10.2174/1381612003400371Hansen C.M., Hamberg K.J., Binderup E., Binderup L. Seocalcitol (EB1089) A Vitamin D Analogue of Anti-cancer Potential. Background, Design, Synthesis, Pre-clinical and Clinical Evaluation. Cur. Pharm. Des. 2000; 6: 803–828. DOI: 10.2174/1381612003400371Borel P., Caillaud D., Cano N.J. Vitamin D Bioavailability: State of the Art. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2015; 55: 1193–1205. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.688897Borel P., Caillaud D., Cano N.J. Vitamin D Bioavailability: State of the Art. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2015; 55: 1193–1205. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.688897Khalid N., Kobayashi I., Wang Z., Neves M.A., Uemura K., Nakajima M., Nabetani H. Formulation of monodisperse oil-in-water emulsions loaded with ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol by microchannel emulsification: Insights of production characteristics and stability. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2015; 50: 1807–1814. DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12832Khalid N., Kobayashi I., Wang Z., Neves M.A., Uemura K., Nakajima M., Nabetani H. Formulation of monodisperse oil-in-water emulsions loaded with ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol by microchannel emulsification: Insights of production characteristics and stability. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2015; 50: 1807–1814. DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12832Li Q., Liu C.-G., Huang Z.-H., Xue F.-F. Preparation and Characterization of Nanoparticles Based on Hydrophobic Alginate Derivative as Carriers for Sustained Release of Vitamin D3. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011; 59: 1962–1967. DOI: 10.1021/jf1020347Li Q., Liu C.-G., Huang Z.-H., Xue F.-F. Preparation and Characterization of Nanoparticles Based on Hydrophobic Alginate Derivative as Carriers for Sustained Release of Vitamin D3. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011; 59: 1962–1967. DOI: 10.1021/jf1020347Grossmann R.E., Tangpricha V. Evaluation of vehicle substances on vitamin D bioavailability: A systematic review. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2010; 54: 1055–1061. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900578Grossmann R.E., Tangpricha V. Evaluation of vehicle substances on vitamin D bioavailability: A systematic review. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2010; 54: 1055–1061. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900578Coelho I.M.G., de Andrade L.D., Saldanha L., Diniz E.T., Griz L., Bandeira F. Bioavailability of vitamin D3 in non-oily capsules: The role of formulated compounds and implications for intermittent replacement. Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010; 54: 239–243. DOI: 10.1590/S0004–27302010000200022Coelho I.M.G., de Andrade L.D., Saldanha L., Diniz E.T., Griz L., Bandeira F. Bioavailability of vitamin D3 in non-oily capsules: The role of formulated compounds and implications for intermittent replacement. Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010; 54: 239–243. DOI: 10.1590/S0004–27302010000200022Salvia-Trujillo L., Fumiaki B., Park Y., McClements D.J. The influence of lipid droplet size on the oral bioavailability of vitamin D2 encapsulated in emulsions: An in vitro and in vivo study. Food Funct. 2017; 8: 767–777. DOI: 10.1039/C6FO01565DSalvia-Trujillo L., Fumiaki B., Park Y., McClements D.J. The influence of lipid droplet size on the oral bioavailability of vitamin D2 encapsulated in emulsions: An in vitro and in vivo study. Food Funct. 2017; 8: 767–777. DOI: 10.1039/C6FO01565DSchoener AL, Zhang R, Lv S, Weiss J, McClements DJ. Fabrication of plant-based vitamin D-fortified nanoemulsions: influence of carrier oil type on vitamin bioaccessibility. Food Funct. 2019 Apr 1; 10 (4): 1826–1835. DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00116f. Epub 2019 Mar 15. PMID: 30874272Schoener AL, Zhang R, Lv S, Weiss J, McClements DJ. Fabrication of plant-based vitamin D-fortified nanoemulsions: influence of carrier oil type on vitamin bioaccessibility. Food Funct. 2019 Apr 1; 10 (4): 1826–1835. DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00116f. Epub 2019 Mar 15. PMID: 30874272Salvia-Trujillo L., Fumiaki B., Park Y., McClements D.J. The influence of lipid droplet size on the oral bioavailability of vitamin D2 encapsulated in emulsions: An in vitro and in vivo study. Food Funct. 2017; 8: 767–777. DOI: 10.1039/C6FO01565DSalvia-Trujillo L., Fumiaki B., Park Y., McClements D.J. The influence of lipid droplet size on the oral bioavailability of vitamin D2 encapsulated in emulsions: An in vitro and in vivo study. Food Funct. 2017; 8: 767–777. DOI: 10.1039/C6FO01565DDoskina E.V. The role of various forms of vitamin D in the treatment of patients with its deficiency (clinical case) // Endocrinology: news, opinions, training. 2021; 10 (2): 123–129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2304-9529-2021-10-2-123-129Doskina E.V. The role of various forms of vitamin D in the treatment of patients with its deficiency (clinical case) // Endocrinology: news, opinions, training. 2021; 10 (2): 123–129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2304-9529-2021-10-2-123-129

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.