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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2023-27-41-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-3414</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические особенности онкогематологических заболеваний у близнецов (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical features of oncohematological diseases in twins (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8297-3629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раджабова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radjabova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раджабова Галимат Абдулхаликовна, студентка VI курса</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radjabova Galimat A., 6th-year student</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radjabova01@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-2365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Т. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>T. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валиев Тимур Теймуразович, д.м.н., проф. кафедры онкологии; зав. отделением химиотерапии гемобластозов № 1 НИИ детской онкологии и гематологии; проф. кафедры детской онкологии</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valiev Timur T., DM Sci (habil.), professor at Oncology Dept; chief of Dept of Chemotherapy of Hemoblastoses No. 1 of Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology; professor at Dept of Pediatric Oncology</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timurvaliev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Moscow State Medical University n.a. I.M. Sechenov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет); ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Moscow State Medical University n.a. I.M. Sechenov; National Medical Research Centre of Oncology n.a. N.N. Blokhin; Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>27</issue><issue-title>Диагностика и онкотерапия (3)</issue-title><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Раджабова Г.А., Валиев Т.Т., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раджабова Г.А., Валиев Т.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radjabova G.A., Valiev T.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3414">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3414</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Вступление</title><p>Вступление. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, самыми частыми онкологическими заболеваниями в детском возрасте являются гемобластозы. В частности, острые лейкозы занимают первое место в структуре заболеваемости злокачественными опухолями, неходжкинские лимфомы – третье, лимфома Ходжкина – пятое место у детей от 0 до 19 лет. Убедительных свидетельств наследования этих заболеваний нет, тем не менее в литературе описаны случаи развития одного и того же заболевания с одинаковым иммунофенотипом в рамках одной семьи у моно- или дизиготных близнецов, что является одним из доказательств персистенции прелейкемических клеток и возможностей их миграции от одного близнеца к другому в рамках антенатального развития. Эти данные позволяют исследовать особенности онкогенеза при лейкозах у близнецов, в частности монозиготных: сроки развития опухоли, особенности течения и молекулярно-биологические характеристики, а также ответ на проводимую терапию.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить клинические и молекулярно-генетические особенности гемобластозов у близнецов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. При написании литературного обзора проведен анализ данных в специализированных медицинских базах PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science с самых первых описаний случаев проявления опухолей кроветворной системы у монозиготных близнецов с 1964 по 2023 год.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе написания данного литературного обзора мы подтвердили, что генетическая составляющая играет существенную роль в развитии гемобластозов. Исследования на близнецах позволили выявить генетические мутации, которые предрасполагают к развитию злокачественных новообразований крови, что, в свою очередь, открывает новые возможности для ранней диагностики. Близнецовый метод позволяет проводить сравнительные исследования эффективности различных лечебных подходов, что помогает выбирать оптимальную терапию и улучшать прогноз заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. According to the World Health Organization, the most common oncological diseases in childhood are hemoblastoses. In particular, acute leukemia ranks the first in the structure of malignant tumors, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas – the third, Hodgkin lymphoma – the fifth in children aged 0 to 19 years. There is no convincing evidence of the inheritance of these diseases, but nevertheless, the literature describes cases of the development of the same disease with the same immunophenotype within the same family in mono- or dizygotic twins, which is one of the proofs of the persistence of preleukemic cells and the possibility of their migration from one twin to another during the antenatal development. These data allow us to study the features of oncogenesis in leukemia in twins, in particular monozygotic twins: the timing of tumor development, clinical features and molecular biological characteristics, as well as the response to therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the clinical and molecular-genetic features of hemoblastoses in twins.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. When writing a literature review, we analyzed data in specialized medical databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science with the very first descriptions of the manifestations of tumors of the hematopoietic system in monozygotic twins from 1964 to 2023.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the course of writing this literature review, we confirmed that the genetic component plays a significant role in the development of hemoblastoses. Studies on twins reveal genetic mutations that predispose to the development of malignant blood tumors, which in turn opens up new opportunities for the early diagnosis of hemoblastoses. The twin method allows for comparative clinical trials of different treatment approaches, which help to choose the optimal therapy and improve the prognosis of diseases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гемобластозы</kwd><kwd>близнецы</kwd><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>неходжкинские лимфомы</kwd><kwd>гистиоцитоз из клеток Лангерганса</kwd><kwd>синдром Дауна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemoblastoses</kwd><kwd>twins</kwd><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas</kwd><kwd>Langerhans cell histiocytosis</kwd><kwd>Down’s syndrome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Внутренние болезни по Дэвидсону: в 5 т. Т. 3. Онкология. Гематология. Клиническая биохимия. Возраст и болезни. Под ред. С. Г. Рэлстона, Й.Д. Пенмэна, М.В. Дж. Строчена, Р.П. Хобсона. Пер. с англ. под. ред. В.В. 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