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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2023-25-7-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-3359</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исходный риск, временнóе окно и показания к отсроченным чрескожным коронарным вмешательствам, значение их в лечении инфаркта миокарда с элевацией сегмента ST</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Baseline risk, time window, and indications for delayed percutaneous coronary interventions, their significance in treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-6212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газарян</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazaryan</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Газарян Георгий Арташесович, д.м.н., проф., зав. научным отделением неотложной кардиологии с методами неинвазивной функциональнойдиагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gazaryan Georgy A., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Scientific Dept of Urgent Cardiology with Non-Invasive Functional Diagnostic Techniques.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-8499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нефедова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nefedova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нефедова Галина Александровна, к.м.н., в.н.с. отдела патологической анатомии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nefedova Galina A., PhD Med, leading researcher at Pathological Anatomy Dept.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8431-7333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газарян</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazaryan</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Газарян Георгий Георгиевич, к.м.н., н.с. отделения неотложной кардиологии с методами неинвазивной функциональной диагностики.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gazaryan Georgy G., PhD Med, researcher at Dept of Urgent Cardiology with Non-Invasive Functional Diagnostic Techniques</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8410-1216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кештова</surname><given-names>М. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keshtova</surname><given-names>M. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кештова Марианна Умаровна, врач-кардиолог кардиологического отделения, в том числе для больных с инфарктом миокарда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Keshtova Marianna U., cardiologist at Cardiology Dept, including for Patients with Myocardial Infarction.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9941-8885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюрина Ляля Георгиевна, врач отделения ультразвуковой диагностики.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyurina Lyalya G., physician at Ultrasound Diagnosis Dept.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-6153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захаров Игорь Валерьевич, к.м.н., в.н.с. отделения неотложной кардиологии с методами неинвазивной функциональной диагностики.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zakharov Igor V., PhD Med, leading researcher at Dept of Urgent Cardiology with Non-Invasive Functional Diagnostic Techniques.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-0562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камбаров</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kambarov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камбаров Сергей Юрьевич, д.м.н., зав. научным отделением неотложной коронарной хирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Kambarov Sergey Yu., DM Sci (habil.), head of Scientific Dept for Urgent Coronary Surgery. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-323X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попугаев</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popugaev</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попугаев Константин Александрович, д.м.н., проф. РАН, зам. директора, рук. регионального сосудистого центра</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Popugaev Konstantin A., DM Sci (habil.), professor of Russian Academy of Sciences, deputy director, head of Regional Vascular Centre</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н.В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Emergency Medicine n.a. N.V. Sklifosovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>25</issue><issue-title>Кардиология. Неотложная медицина (3)</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Газарян Г.А., Нефедова Г.А., Газарян Г.Г., Кештова М.У., Тюрина Л.Г., Захаров И.В., Камбаров С.Ю., Попугаев К.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Газарян Г.А., Нефедова Г.А., Газарян Г.Г., Кештова М.У., Тюрина Л.Г., Захаров И.В., Камбаров С.Ю., Попугаев К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gazaryan G.A., Nefedova G.A., Gazaryan G.G., Keshtova M.U., Tyurina L.G., Zakharov I.V., Kambarov S.Y., Popugaev K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3359">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3359</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы: оценить значение отсроченных чрескожных коронарных вмешательств (ЧКВ) в лечении ИМ с подъемом сегмента ST (ИМ↑ST), исходного риска смерти (РС) в определении показаний к их применению, рамок временн¾го окна для использования механической реперфузии при поздней госпитализации. Обследовано 2226 больных ИМ↑ST, поступивших в институт за период 2008–2017 годов. Экстренная коронарография выполнена у 945 госпитализированных в первые 12 часов и у 834 – через 12–72 часа, ЧКВ применены у 784 и 619 соответственно. У всех больных определяли РС по TIMI, ангиографический успех – по кровотоку TIMI 3 в сопоставлении с ЭКГ-признаками реперфузии. Исходный РС в среднем составил 5,0 балла, или 12,5%, у больных с ЧКВ в первые 12, через 12–72 часа и без ЧКВ – 4,2–8,0%, 5,0–12,5% и 6,0–16,0%; с учетом возраста, до 65, 65–75 и старше 75 лет – 3,7 балла – 7,0%, 6,0–16,0% и 7,5–25,0%. Летальность у больных с ранними и отсроченными ЧКВ составила 5,2 и 4,2% соответственно, в их отсутствие – 15,6%; среди лиц до 65, 65–75 и старше 75 лет после ранних ЧКВ – 3,8, 4,9 и 10,8% соответственно; после отсроченных – 2,6, 5,8 и 8,2% соответственно; в их отсутствие – 8,4, 19,4 и 28% соответственно. За 10 лет количество первичных ЧКВ увеличилось с 39 до 78%. Соотношение ранних и отсроченных ЧКВ составило 56 и 44%. Из 195 умерших (67 и 128 с и без ЧКВ) трехсосудистое поражение имело место у 90%; площадь ИМ более 30% – у 83%; причина смерти в виде отека легких – у 84%. Представленные данные свидетельствуют о высокой практической значимости отсроченных ЧКВ при исходно высоком РС. Наиболее весомыми его составляющими являются возраст старше 75 лет и выраженные проявления острой сердечной недостаточности (ОСН). В отличие от ранних, отсроченные ЧКВ используются реже, исходный РС не учитывается, у лиц старше 75 лет от них воздерживаются. Сокращение летальности, пропорциональное исходному РС, свидетельствует о соизмеримости результатов ЧКВ и целесообразности их применения без возрастных ограничений. Использование первичных ЧКВ при поздней госпитализации по аналогии с ранними или выборочно при высоком РС позволит оптимизировать тактику лечения и максимально снизить летальность.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to estimate the significance of delayed percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), to weigh the initial mortality risk (MR) while determining the indications for their use and the time window for the use of mechanical reperfusion in late hospital admission. Total 2226 patients admitted to the Institute with STEMI for the period 2008–2017 were studied. Emergency coronary angiography was performed in 945 admitted patients in the initial 12 hours and in 834 patients after 12–72 hours of STEMI onset; PCI was performed in 784 and 619 patients, respectively. In all patients, MR was scored by TIMI; angiographic success was assessed as TIMI 3 coronary flow and compared to ECG signs of reperfusion. The baseline MR score averaged 5 or 12.5%, being corresponded to score 4.2 or 8% in patients with PCI performed in the initial 12 hours, score 5 or 12.5% in those with PCI performed after 12–72 hours, and score 6 or 16% in patients without PCI; or with respect to the patient age, MR scored 3.7 or 7%, 6 or 16%, and 7.5 or 25%, for those under the age of 65 years, those from 65–75 years, and those over 75 years old, respectively. Mortality in patients with an early and delayed PCI was 5.2% and 4.2%, respectively, and 15.6% in patients without PCI; after patient distribution by age under 65, 65–75, and over 75 years old, the respective mortality rates were 3.8%, 4.9%, and 10.8% after an early PCI; 2.6%, 5.8%, and 8.2% after a delayed PCI; and 8.4%, 19.4%, and 28% among those without PCI. For 10 years, the number of primary PCIs had increased from 39% to 78%. The ratio of early to delayed PCI made 56% to 44%. Of 195 deaths (67 patients with PCI and 128 without PCI), 90% of patients had a three-vessel disease; 83% of patients had the MI area over 30%; and the cause of death in 84% was pulmonary edema. The presented data suggest a high practical significance of delayed PCI in patients with initially high MR, its most weighty components being the age over 75 years and severe manifestations of acute heart failure (AHF). Unlike early PCIs, the delayed PCIs are used less frequently, the initial MR is not taken into account, and they are abstained from in respect to people over 75 years of age. The reduction in mortality, proportional to the baseline MR, suggests their correlation to PCI results and the feasibility of PCI use without age restrictions. The use of primary PCIs in late hospital admissions, by analogy with early ones or selectively in high MR, will help to optimize the treatment tactics and minimize mortality.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ИМ↑ST</kwd><kwd>РС по TIMI</kwd><kwd>ЧКВ в первые 12 и 12–72 часа</kwd><kwd>ангиографический успех</kwd><kwd>ЭКГ признаки реперфузии</kwd><kwd>группы до 65</kwd><kwd>65–75</kwd><kwd>старше 75 лет</kwd><kwd>летальность.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>STEMI</kwd><kwd>TIMI MR score</kwd><kwd>PCI in the initial 12 and 12–72 hours</kwd><kwd>angiographic success</kwd><kwd>ECG signs of reperfusion</kwd><kwd>age groups under 65 years old</kwd><kwd>65–75 years</kwd><kwd>over 75 years old</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janda S.P., Tan N. 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