medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2023-20-30-34medalphabet-3314Research ArticleСтатьиПробиотики – новая панацея заболеваний пародонта?! Обзор литературыProbiotics – a new panacea for periodontal diseases?! Literature reviewТаймазоваД. Т.TaimazovaD. T.

Таймазова Диляра Тимуровна -  врач стоматолог-терапевт

 г. Владикавказ

Taimazova Dilyara Timurovna -  Dentist-therapist

Vladikavkaz

dilya.04@mail.ruЧониашвилиМ. З.ChoniashviliM. Z.

Чониашвили Марина Зурабовна -  старший ассистент кафедры терапевтической, хирургической и детской стоматологии с курсом геронтология и заболевания полости рта 

Choniashvili Marina Zurabovna -  Senior Assistant of Therapeutic, Surgical and Pediatric Dentistry with a Course of Gerontology and Oral Diseases

Choniashvil.marina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0316-5957АванисянВ. М.AvanisyanV. M.

Аванисян Вазген Михайлович - ординатор 1 года обучения кафедры терапевтической стоматологии

Avanisyan Vazgen Mikhailovich - 1-st year resident at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry

avanvaz@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1711-1415ЭдишерашвилиУ. Б.EdisherashviliU. B.

Эдишерашвили Ушанги Бесикович -  заочный аспирант кафедры стоматологии общей практики и детской стоматологии 

Edisherashvili Ushangi Besikovich -  postgraduate student of the Department of General Practice Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry

ushangi.master@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-3749ДжафаровЭ. М.JafarovE. M.

Джафаров Эльнур Матлаб оглы -  заочный аспирант кафедры стоматологии общей практики и детской стоматологии

Jafarov Elnur Matlab oglu -  postgraduate student of the Department of general practice dentistry and pediatric dentistry

elnur985@mail.ru«Городская стоматологическая поликлиника № 1»Россия«City Dental Clinic № 1»Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Осетинский государственный университет имени Коста Левановича Хетагурова» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Kosta Khetagurov North Ossetian State University Ministry of Science and Higher EducationRussian FederationФГБОУ ВПО «Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Stavropol State Medical University», Ministry of HealthCareRussian Federation202306112023020«Стоматология» (3)3034Copyright © Таймазова Д.Т., Чониашвили М.З., Аванисян В.М., Эдишерашвили У.Б., Джафаров Э.М., 20232023Таймазова Д.Т., Чониашвили М.З., Аванисян В.М., Эдишерашвили У.Б., Джафаров Э.М.Taimazova D.T., Choniashvili M.Z., Avanisyan V.M., Edisherashvili U.B., Jafarov E.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3314Введение

Введение. Появление новых устойчивых к антибиотикам штаммов микроорганизмов, широкое распространение вирусных и грибковых заболеваний, а также растущая аллергизация населения породили интерес к бактериальным препаратам – пробиотикам, в состав которых входят живые микроорганизмы – представители, как правило, облигатной микрофлоры человека, которые при попадании в организм в достаточном количестве поступают в организм, сохраняют свою активность и жизнеспособность, оказывают положительное влияние на здоровье пациента.

Целью исследования явилось провести обзор литературы по данной теме, определить концепции использования пробиотиков в стоматологии, а также выявить перспективные направления в развитии методов терапии заболеваний пародонта с их применением.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. При изучении данного вопроса были проанализировали научные источники, индексируемые в ВАК, Scopus и Web of Sciences.

Результаты

Результаты. Пробиотики являются признанным терапевтическим вспомогательным средством при различных генерализованных и системных заболеваниях полости рта. Их роль в профилактике и лечении кариеса зубов, а также его осложнений – направление, которое в последнее два десятилетия изучается достаточно полно. Доказательства этого отражены во многих рандомизированных контрольных исследованиях. Для проверки различных пробиотических комбинаций необходимо проводить многоцентровые исследования, чтобы пациенты могли воспользоваться всем терапевтическим спектром новых препаратов на основе пробиотиков и синбиотиков.

Introduction

Introduction. The emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, the widespread spread of viral and fungal diseases, as well as the growing allergisation of the population have generated interest in bacterial preparations – probiotics, which include living microorganisms – representatives, as a rule, of the obligate human microflora, which, when ingested in sufficient quantities, enter the body, retain their activity and viability, have a positive effect on the patient’s health.

The purpose of the study was to review the literature on this topic, to determine the concepts of the use of probiotics in dentistry, as well as to identify promising directions in the development of methods of therapy of periodontal diseases with their use.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. When studying this issue, scientific sources indexed in the Higher Attestation Commission, Scopus and Web of Sciences were analyzed.

Results

Results. Probiotics are a recognized therapeutic adjunct for various generalized and systemic diseases of the oral cavity. Their role in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, as well as its complications, is a direction that has been studied quite fully in the last two decades. The evidence for this is reflected in many randomized control studies. To test various probiotic combinations, it is necessary to conduct multicenter studies so that patients can take advantage of the entire therapeutic spectrum of new drugs based on probiotics and synbiotics.

пробиотикипародонтгингивитпародонтитперсонализированная медицинаprobioticsperiodontal diseasegingivitisperiodontitispersonalised medicineReferencesБулгакова А.И., Васильева Н.А., Имельбаева Э.А., Хайбуллина Э.М. Клинико-иммунологическая характеристика локального иммунитета у больных с хроническим катаральным гингивитом. Пародонтология. 2018;23(2):29–35. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.2.5.Bulgakova A.I., Vasilyeva N.A., Imelbaeva E.A., Khaibullina E.M. Clinical and immunological characteristics of local immunity in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Periodontology. 2018;23(2):29-35. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.2.5.Гигиена полости рта – метод профилактики стоматологических заболеваний / В.А. Журбенко, Э.С. Саакян, Д.С. Тишков, А.Э. Бондарева, О.В. Ирышкова // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. 2015. № 4–2. С. 300.Oral hygiene – a method of prevention of dental diseases / V.A. Zhurbenko, E.S. Sahakyan, D.S. Tishkov, A.E. Bondareva, O.V. Iryshkova // International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. 2015. No. 4–2. p. 300.Грудянов А.И. Заболевания пародонта: учебное пособие. М.: МИА, 2009. 336 с.Grudyanov A. I. Periodontal diseases: textbook. M.: MIA, 2009. 336 p.Захаренко С.М. Пробиотики: концепция новая или старая? Медицинский cовет. 2018;14:56-60. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2018-14-56-60.Zakharenko S.M. Probiotics: is the concept new or old? Medical advice. 2018;14:56-60. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2018-14-56-60.Ковалевский А.М., Ушакова А.В., Ковалевский В.А., Прожерина Е.Ю. Бактериальная биопленка пародонтальных карманов: переосмысление опыта пародонтологии. Пародонтология 2018;23(2):15-21. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.2.3.Kovalevsky A.M., Ushakova A.V., Kovalevsky V.A., Prozherina E.Yu. Bacterial biofilm of periodontal pockets: rethinking the experience of periodontology. Periodontology 2018;23(2):15-21. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.2.3.Мирсаева Ф.З., Закирьянов М.М., Ханов Т.В., Губайдуллин Р.Н. Состояние иммунитета при хроническом генерализованном пародонтите у больных сирингомиелией. Пародонтология 2018;24(3):44-47. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.3.7.Mirsaeva F.Z., Zakiryanov M.M., Khanov T.V., Gubaidullin R.N. The state of immunity in chronic generalized periodontitis in patients with syringomyelia. Periodontology 2018;24(3):44–47. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.3.7Мирсаева Ф.З., Ханов Т.В., Кузнецова Т.Н. Чувствительность пародонтопатоенной микрофлоры и грибов рода Candida к двухкомпонентному пробиотику. Пародонтология. 2019;24(4):323–327. https://doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2019-24-4-323-327.Mirsaeva F.Z., Khanov T.V., Kuznetsova T.N. Sensitivity of periodontal pathogenic microflora and fungi of the genus Candida to a two-component probiotic. Periodontology. 2019;24(4):323-327. https://doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2019-24-4-323-327.Митронин А.В., Вавилова Т.П., Перевощикова О.А., Островская И.Г. Применение пробиотиков в лечении патологии тканей ротовой полости. Российская стоматология. 2013;6(2):13 19.Mitronin A.V., Vavilova T.P., Perevoshchikova O.A., Ostrovskaya I.G. The use of probiotics in the treatment of oral tissue pathology. Russian dentistry. 2013;6(2):13 19.Орехова Л.Ю., Косова Е.В., Петров А.А., Косов С.А. Изменение микроциркуляции тканей пародонта у лиц молодого возраста под влиянием табакокурения. Пародонтология 2018;23(1):15-19. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.1.3.Orekhova L.Yu., Kosova E.V., Petrov A.A., Kosov S.A. Changes in microcirculation of periodontal tissues in young people under the influence of tobacco smoking. Periodontology 2018;23(1):15-19. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.1.3.Орехова Л.Ю., Лобода Е.С., Яманидзе Н.Я., Галеева А.Р. Применение гиалуроновой кислоты в комплексном лечении заболеваний пародонта. Пародонтология. 2018;24(3):25-32. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.3.4.Orekhova L.Yu., Loboda E.S., Yamanidze N.Ya., Galeeva A.R. The use of hyaluronic acid in the complex treatment of periodontal diseases. Periodontology. 2018;24(3):25-32. https://doi.org/10.25636/PMP.1.2018.3.4.Особенности влияния хлоргексидин-содержащих препаратов на состояние микробиоценоза полости рта у больных пародонтитом / В.Н. Царев, В.И. Чувилкин, Н.А. Мегрелишвили, А.Е. Романов // Пародонтология. 2003. № 2 (27). С. 49–53.Features of the effect of chlorhexidine-containing drugs on the state of oral microbiocenosis in patients with periodontitis / V.N. Tsarev, V.I. Chuvilkin, N.A. Megrelishvili, A.E. Romanov // Periodontology. 2003. No. 2 (27). pp. 49–53.Перспективы применения пробиотиков при лечении заболеваний пародонта. Обзор литературы / Э. М. Джафаров, У. Б. Эдишерашвили, А. А. Долгалев [и др.] // Главный врач Юга России. – 2022. – № 3(84). – С. 25–30.Prospects for the use of probiotics in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Literature review / E. M. Jafarov, U. B. Edisherashvili, A. A. Dolgalev [et al.] // Chief Physician of the South of Russia. – 2022. – № 3(84). – Pp. 25–30.Применение антибиотиков тетрациклинового ряда в качестве фотосенсибилизаторов при фотодинамической терапии / А.В. Гурович, Т.Е. Сухова, Ю.В. Молочкова [и др.] // Biomedical Photonics. – 2022. – Т. 11, № S4. – С. 3. – DOI 10.24931/2413-9432-2022-11-4s-3-20. – EDN ELFSHH.The use of tetracycline antibiotics as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy / A.V. Gurovich, T. E. Sukhova, Yu. V. Molochkova [et al.] // Biomedical Photonics. – 2022. – Vol. 11, No. S4. – p. 3. – DOI 10.24931/2413-9432-2022-11-4s-3-20. – EDN ELFSHH.Роль пробиотиков в коррекции микробиоценоза и цитокинового баланса полости рта пациентов с хроническими воспалительными заболеваниями пародонта / Е. С. Овчаренко, В. В. Еричев, С. И. Рисованный [и др.] // Пародонтология. – 2020. – Т. 25, № 4. – С. 323–330. – DOI 10.33925/1683-3759-2020-25-4-323-330. – EDN IMCGUU.The role of probiotics in the correction of microbiocenosis and cytokine balance of the oral cavity of patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases / E.S. Ovcharenko, V.V. Erichev, S.I. Risovanny [et al.] // Periodontology. – 2020. – Vol. 25, No. 4. – pp. 323–330. – DOI 10.33925/1683-3759-2020-25-4-323-330. – EDN IMCGUU.Сериков В. С. Оценка убыли твердых тканей зуба у населения курской области // Региональный вестник. 2020. № 2 (41). С. 25–26.Serikov V. S. Assessment of the loss of hard tooth tissues in the population of the Kursk region // Regional Bulletin. 2020. No. 2 (41). pp. 25–26.Современные подходы к лечению воспалительных генерализованных заболеваний пародонта (обзор литературы) / Л.M. Цепов, А.И. Николаев, Д.А. Наконечный, М.М. Нестерова // Пародонтология. 2015. № 2 (75). С. 3–9Modern approaches to the treatment of inflammatory generalized periodontal diseases (literature review) / L.M. Tsepov, A.I. Nikolaev, D.A. Nakonechny, M.M. Nesterova // Periodontology. 2015. No. 2 (75). pp. 3-9Степаненкова, М. Н. Рациональная антибиотикотерапия при лечении генерализованного пародонтита / М. Н. Степаненкова, К. В. Славкина // Scientist (Russia). – 2021. – № 2(16). – С. 17. – EDN QPESWE.Stepanenkova, M. N. Rational antibiotic therapy in the treatment of generalized periodontitis / M. N. Stepanenkova, K. V. Slavkina // Scientist (Russia). – 2021. – № 2(16). – S. 17. – EDN QPESWE.Тишков Д.С. Гомеостаз полости рта у лиц пожилого возраста // Региональный вестник. 2020. № 6 (45). С. 4–6.Tishkov D.S. Homeostasis of the oral cavity in the elderly // Regional Bulletin. 2020. No. 6 (45). pp. 4–6.Цепов Л.М., Николаев А.И., Петрова Е.В., Нестерова М.М. / Патогенетическое обоснование клинического применения медикаментов в комплексной терапии при воспалительных заболеваниях пародонта (обзор литературы) // Пародонтология. – 2018. – Т. 23, № 2(87). – С. 4–9. – DOI 10.25636/ PMP.1.2018.2.1. – EDN YCMYGT.Tsepov L.M., Nikolaev A.I., Petrova E.V., Nesterova M.M. / Pathogenetic justification of the clinical use of medicines in complex therapy for inflammatory periodontal diseases (literature review) // Periodontology. – 2018. – Vol. 23, No. 2(87). – pp. 4–9. – DOI 10.25636/PMP.1.2018.2.1. – EDN YCMYGT.Эффективность применения комплексной терапии в лечении заболеваний пародонта / Д.А. Немерюк, Б.С. Дикинова, М.О. Царгасова, В.В. Яшкова // Пародонтология. 2014. № 3 (72). С. 54–56.The effectiveness of complex therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases / D.A. Nemeryuk, B.S. Dikinova, M.O. Tsargasova, V.V. Yashkova // Periodontology. 2014. No. 3 (72). pp. 54–56.Baeza M., Garrido M., Hernandez-Rios P., Dezereda A., Garcia-Sesnich J., Strauss F., Aitken J.P., Lesaffre E., Vanbelle S. et al. Diagnostic accuracy for apical and chronic periodontitis biomarcers in gingival crevicular fluid an exploratory study. J.Clin.Periodontal. 2016;43:34-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12479.Baeza M., Garrido M., Hernandez-Rios P., Dezereda A., Garcia-Sesnich J., Strauss F., Aitken J.P., Lesaffre E., Vanbelle S. et al. Diagnostic accuracy for apical and chronic periodontitis biomarcers in gingival crevicular fluid an exploratory study. J.Clin.Periodontal. 2016;43:34-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12479.Ben Taheur F, Kouidhi B, Fdhila K, Elabed H, Ben Slama R, et al. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of probiotic bacteria against oral pathogens. Microb Pathog. 2016 Aug;97:213-20. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.018. Epub 2016 Jun 15. PMID: 27317856.Ben Taheur F, Kouidhi B, Fdhila K, Elabed H, Ben Slama R, et al. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of probiotic bacteria against oral pathogens. Microb Pathog. 2016 Aug;97:213-20. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.018. Epub 2016 Jun 15. PMID: 27317856.Bijle MN, Neelakantan P, Ekambaram M, Lo EC, Yiu CK. Effect of a novel synbiotic on Streptococcus mutans Sci Rep. 2020;10:7951.Bijle MN, Neelakantan P, Ekambaram M, Lo EC, Yiu CK. Effect of a novel synbiotic on Streptococcus mutans Sci Rep. 2020;10:7951.Bizzini B, Pizzo G, Scapagnini G, Nuzzo D, Vasto S. Probiotics and oral health Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18:5522–31.Bizzini B, Pizzo G, Scapagnini G, Nuzzo D, Vasto S. Probiotics and oral health Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18:5522–31.Burton JP, Drummond BK, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR, Thomson WM, Hale JD, et al Influence of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 on indices of dental health in children: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial J Med Microbiol. 2013;62:875–84.Burton JP, Drummond BK, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR, Thomson WM, Hale JD, et al Influence of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 on indices of dental health in children: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial J Med Microbiol. 2013;62:875–84.Bustamante M, Oomah BD, Mosi-Roa Y, Rubilar M, Burgos-Díaz C. Probiotics as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of halitosis, dental caries and periodontitis Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2020;12:325–34.Bustamante M, Oomah BD, Mosi-Roa Y, Rubilar M, Burgos-Díaz C. Probiotics as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of halitosis, dental caries and periodontitis Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2020;12:325–34.Chuang LC, Huang CS, Ou-Yang LW, Lin SY. Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei effect on cariogenic bacterial flora Clin Oral Investig. 2011;15:471–6.Chuang LC, Huang CS, Ou-Yang LW, Lin SY. Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei effect on cariogenic bacterial flora Clin Oral Investig. 2011;15:471–6.Cildir SK, Sandalli N, Nazli S, Alp F, Caglar E. A novel delivery system of probiotic drop and its effect on dental caries risk factors in cleft lip/palate children Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012;49:369–72.Cildir SK, Sandalli N, Nazli S, Alp F, Caglar E. A novel delivery system of probiotic drop and its effect on dental caries risk factors in cleft lip/palate children Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012;49:369–72.Conrads G, de Soet JJ, Song L, Henne K, Sztajer H, Wagner-Döbler I, et al Comparing the cariogenic species Streptococcus sobrinus and S. mutans on whole genome level J Oral Microbiol. 2014;6:26189.Conrads G, de Soet JJ, Song L, Henne K, Sztajer H, Wagner-Döbler I, et al Comparing the cariogenic species Streptococcus sobrinus and S. mutans on whole genome level J Oral Microbiol. 2014;6:26189.D.D. Sommer, T.R. Gibbons, T.J. Treangen, Y.C. Chang, S. Li, O.C. Stine, H. Hasturk, S. Kasif, D. Segrè, M. Pop, S. Amar. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037919 // PLoS ONE. 2012. Vol. 7, no. 6. P. e37919.D.D. Sommer, T.R. Gibbons, T.J. Treangen, Y.C. Chang, S. Li, O.C. Stine, H. Hasturk, S. Kasif, D. Segrè, M. Pop, S. Amar. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037919 // PLoS ONE. 2012. Vol. 7, no. 6. P. e37919.Deep sequencing of the oral microbiome reveals signatures of periodontal disease / B. Liu, L.L. Faller, N. Klitgord, V. Mazumdar, M. Ghodsi, Devine D.A., Marsh P.D., Meade J. Modulation of host responses by oral commensal bacteria / DOI 10.3402/jom.v7.26941 // J. Oral Microbiol. 2015. Vol. 7. P. 26941.Deep sequencing of the oral microbiome reveals signatures of periodontal disease / B. Liu, L.L. Faller, N. Klitgord, V. Mazumdar, M. Ghodsi, Devine D.A., Marsh P.D., Meade J. Modulation of host responses by oral commensal bacteria / DOI 10.3402/jom.v7.26941 // J. Oral Microbiol. 2015. Vol. 7. P. 26941.Duque C, Stipp RN, Wang B, Smith DJ, Höfling JF, Kuramitsu HK, et al Downregulation of GbpB, a component of the VicRK regulon, affects biofilm formation and cell surface characteristics of Streptococcus mutans Infect Immun. 2011;79:786–96.Duque C, Stipp RN, Wang B, Smith DJ, Höfling JF, Kuramitsu HK, et al Downregulation of GbpB, a component of the VicRK regulon, affects biofilm formation and cell surface characteristics of Streptococcus mutans Infect Immun. 2011;79:786–96.FAO/WHO. Health and nutritional properties of Probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. 2001 Córdoba, Argentina Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Featherstone JD, Adair SM, Anderson MH, Berkowitz RJ, Bird WF, Crall JJ, et al Caries management by risk assessment: Consensus statement, April 2002 J Calif Dent Assoc. 2003;31:257–69.FAO/WHO. Health and nutritional properties of Probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. 2001 Córdoba, Argentina Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Featherstone JD, Adair SM, Anderson MH, Berkowitz RJ, Bird WF, Crall JJ, et al Caries management by risk assessment: Consensus statement, April 2002 J Calif Dent Assoc. 2003;31:257–69.Ferrer MD, López-López A, Nicolescu T, Salavert A, Méndez I, Cuñé J, et al A pilot study to assess oral colonization and pH buffering by the probiotic Streptococcus dentisani under different dosing regimes Odontology. 2020;108:180–7.Ferrer MD, López-López A, Nicolescu T, Salavert A, Méndez I, Cuñé J, et al A pilot study to assess oral colonization and pH buffering by the probiotic Streptococcus dentisani under different dosing regimes Odontology. 2020;108:180–7.Fierro-Monti C, Aguayo-Saldías C, Lillo-Climent F, Riveros-Figueroa F. Role of probiotics as bacteriotherapy in dentistry: A literature review Odontoestomatologí. 2017;19:4–13.Fierro-Monti C, Aguayo-Saldías C, Lillo-Climent F, Riveros-Figueroa F. Role of probiotics as bacteriotherapy in dentistry: A literature review Odontoestomatologí. 2017;19:4–13.Ghasemi E, Mazaheri R, Tahmourespour A. Effect of probiotic yogurt and xylitol-containing chewing gums on salivary s mutans count J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41:257–63Ghasemi E, Mazaheri R, Tahmourespour A. Effect of probiotic yogurt and xylitol-containing chewing gums on salivary s mutans count J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41:257–63Gizani S, Petsi G, Twetman S, Caroni C, Makou M, Papagianoulis L. Effect of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri on white spot lesion development in orthodontic patients Eur J Orthod. 2016;38:85–9Gizani S, Petsi G, Twetman S, Caroni C, Makou M, Papagianoulis L. Effect of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri on white spot lesion development in orthodontic patients Eur J Orthod. 2016;38:85–9Glavina D, Gorseta K, Skrinjarić I, Vranić DN, Mehulić K, Kozul K. Effect of LGG yoghurt on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children Coll Antropol. 2012;36:129–32.Glavina D, Gorseta K, Skrinjarić I, Vranić DN, Mehulić K, Kozul K. Effect of LGG yoghurt on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children Coll Antropol. 2012;36:129–32.Gruner D, Paris S, Schwendicke F. Probiotics for managing caries and periodontitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2016 May;48:16–25. doi: 10.1016/j. jdent.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 8. PMID: 26965080.Gruner D, Paris S, Schwendicke F. Probiotics for managing caries and periodontitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2016 May;48:16–25. doi: 10.1016/j. jdent.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 8. PMID: 26965080.Grzeskowiak L, Isolauri E, Salminen S, Gueimonde M (2011) Manufacturing process influences properties of probiotic bacteria. Br J Nutr 105: 887–894.Grzeskowiak L, Isolauri E, Salminen S, Gueimonde M (2011) Manufacturing process influences properties of probiotic bacteria. Br J Nutr 105: 887–894.Hasslöf P, Hedberg M, Twetman S, Stecksén-Blicks C. Growth inhibition of oral mutans streptococci and candida by commercial probiotic lactobacilli – An in vitro study BMC Oral Health. 2010;10:18.Hasslöf P, Hedberg M, Twetman S, Stecksén-Blicks C. Growth inhibition of oral mutans streptococci and candida by commercial probiotic lactobacilli – An in vitro study BMC Oral Health. 2010;10:18.Haukioja A, Loimaranta V, Tenovuo J. Probiotic bacteria affect the composition of salivary pellicle and streptococcal adhesion in vitro Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2008;23:336–43Haukioja A, Loimaranta V, Tenovuo J. Probiotic bacteria affect the composition of salivary pellicle and streptococcal adhesion in vitro Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2008;23:336–43Heng NC, Haji-Ishak NS, Kalyan A, Wong AY, Lovric M, et al. (2011) Genome sequence of the bacteriocin-producing oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18. J Bacteriol 193: 6402–6403.Heng NC, Haji-Ishak NS, Kalyan A, Wong AY, Lovric M, et al. (2011) Genome sequence of the bacteriocin-producing oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18. J Bacteriol 193: 6402–6403.Hoceini A, Khelil NK, Ben-Yelles I, Mesli A, Ziouani S, Ghellai L, et al Caries-related factors and bacterial composition of supragingival plaques in caries free and caries active Algerian adults Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2016;6:720–6.Hoceini A, Khelil NK, Ben-Yelles I, Mesli A, Ziouani S, Ghellai L, et al Caries-related factors and bacterial composition of supragingival plaques in caries free and caries active Algerian adults Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2016;6:720–6.Irina V. Koroleva, Ekaterina S. Mikhaylova, Ekaterina S. Zhukovskaia, Lyudmila A. Kraeva, & Alexander N. Suvorov. (2021). Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the efficacy of autoprobiotics in the combination treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102968.Irina V. Koroleva, Ekaterina S. Mikhaylova, Ekaterina S. Zhukovskaia, Lyudmila A. Kraeva, & Alexander N. Suvorov. (2021). Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the efficacy of autoprobiotics in the combination treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5102968.Jiang Q, Stamatova I, Kainulainen V, Korpela R, Meurman JH. Interactions between Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and oral micro-organisms in an in vitro biofilm model BMC Microbiol. 2016;16:149.Jiang Q, Stamatova I, Kainulainen V, Korpela R, Meurman JH. Interactions between Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and oral micro-organisms in an in vitro biofilm model BMC Microbiol. 2016;16:149.Koopaie M, Fatahzadeh M, Jahangir S, Bakhtiari R. Comparison of the effect of regular and probiotic cake (Bacillus coagulans) on salivary pH and Streptococcus mutans count Dent Med Probl. 2019;56:33–8.Koopaie M, Fatahzadeh M, Jahangir S, Bakhtiari R. Comparison of the effect of regular and probiotic cake (Bacillus coagulans) on salivary pH and Streptococcus mutans count Dent Med Probl. 2019;56:33–8.Lin TH, Lin CH, Pan TM. The implication of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102:577–86.Lin TH, Lin CH, Pan TM. The implication of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102:577–86.Lynch DJ, Fountain TL, Mazurkiewicz JE, Banas JA. Glucan-binding proteins are essential for shaping Streptococcus mutans biofilm architecture FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007;268:158–65.Lynch DJ, Fountain TL, Mazurkiewicz JE, Banas JA. Glucan-binding proteins are essential for shaping Streptococcus mutans biofilm architecture FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007;268:158–65.Mahasneh SA, Mahasneh AM. Probiotics: A Promising Role in Dental Health. Dent J (Basel). 2017 Sep 27;5(4):26. doi: 10.3390/dj5040026. PMID: 29563432; PMCID: PMC5806962.Mahasneh SA, Mahasneh AM. Probiotics: A Promising Role in Dental Health. Dent J (Basel). 2017 Sep 27;5(4):26. doi: 10.3390/dj5040026. PMID: 29563432; PMCID: PMC5806962.Nascimento MM. Potential uses of arginine in dentistry Adv Dent Res. 2018;29:98–103.Nascimento MM. Potential uses of arginine in dentistry Adv Dent Res. 2018;29:98–103.Nishihara T, Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Hirofuji T. Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius-containing tablets on caries risk factors: A randomized open-label clinical trial BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:110.Nishihara T, Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Hirofuji T. Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius-containing tablets on caries risk factors: A randomized open-label clinical trial BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:110.Oral biofilm architecture on natural teeth / V. Zijnge, M.B.M. van Leeuwen, J.E. Degener, F. Abbas, T. Thurnheer, R. Gmür, H. J. M. Harmsen. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009321 // PLoS ONE. 2010. Vol. 5, no. 2. P. e9321.Oral biofilm architecture on natural teeth / V. Zijnge, M.B.M. van Leeuwen, J.E. Degener, F. Abbas, T. Thurnheer, R. Gmür, H. J. M. Harmsen. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009321 // PLoS ONE. 2010. Vol. 5, no. 2. P. e9321.Penala S, Kalakonda B, Pathakota KR, Jayakumar A, Koppolu P, et al. Efficacy of local use of probiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis and halitosis: A randomized controlled trial. J Res Pharm Pract. 2016 Apr-Jun;5(2):86-93. doi: 10.4103/2279-042X.179568. PMID: 27162801; PMCID: PMC4843589.Penala S, Kalakonda B, Pathakota KR, Jayakumar A, Koppolu P, et al. Efficacy of local use of probiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis and halitosis: A randomized controlled trial. J Res Pharm Pract. 2016 Apr-Jun;5(2):86-93. doi: 10.4103/2279-042X.179568. PMID: 27162801; PMCID: PMC4843589.Poorni S, Nivedhitha M, Srinivasan M, et al. (March 18, 2022) Effect of Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 Lozenges on the Cariogram Parameters of Patients With High Caries Risk: A Randomised Control Trial. Cureus 14(3): e23282. DOI 10.7759/cureus.23282.Poorni S, Nivedhitha M, Srinivasan M, et al. (March 18, 2022) Effect of Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 Lozenges on the Cariogram Parameters of Patients With High Caries Risk: A Randomised Control Trial. Cureus 14(3): e23282. DOI 10.7759/cureus.23282.Poorni S, Nivedhitha MS, Srinivasan MR: Comparing the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 on the Streptococcus mutans Count, salivary pH and buffer capacity: a randomized double blinded clinical trial. Cumhur Dent J. 2021, 24:346-54. 10.7126/cumudj.941928.Poorni S, Nivedhitha MS, Srinivasan MR: Comparing the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 on the Streptococcus mutans Count, salivary pH and buffer capacity: a randomized double blinded clinical trial. Cumhur Dent J. 2021, 24:346-54. 10.7126/cumudj.941928.Probiotics reduce mutans streptococci counts in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis / I. Laleman, V. Detailleur, D. E. Slot, V. Slomka, M. Quirynen, W. Teughels. DOI 10.1007/s00784-014-1228-z // Clin. Oral Investig. 2014. Vol. 18, no. 6. P. 1539–1552.Probiotics reduce mutans streptococci counts in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis / I. Laleman, V. Detailleur, D. E. Slot, V. Slomka, M. Quirynen, W. Teughels. DOI 10.1007/s00784-014-1228-z // Clin. Oral Investig. 2014. Vol. 18, no. 6. P. 1539–1552.Rahman B, Acharya AB, Siddiqui R, Verron E, Badran Z. Photodynamic Therapy for Peri-Implant Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Jul 8;11(7):918. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11070918. PMID: 35884171; PMCID: PMC9311944.Rahman B, Acharya AB, Siddiqui R, Verron E, Badran Z. Photodynamic Therapy for Peri-Implant Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Jul 8;11(7):918. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11070918. PMID: 35884171; PMCID: PMC9311944.Reddy R, Swapna L, Ramesh T, Singh T, Vijayalaxmi N, Lavanya R. Bacteria in oral health – Probiotics and prebiotics a review Int J Biol Med Res. 2011;2:1226–33.Reddy R, Swapna L, Ramesh T, Singh T, Vijayalaxmi N, Lavanya R. Bacteria in oral health – Probiotics and prebiotics a review Int J Biol Med Res. 2011;2:1226–33.Seminario-Amez M, López-López J, Estrugo-Devesa A, Ayuso-Montero R, JanéSalas E. Probiotics and oral health: A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 May 1;22(3):e282-e288. doi: 10.4317/medoral.21494. PMID: 28390121; PMCID: PMC5432076.Seminario-Amez M, López-López J, Estrugo-Devesa A, Ayuso-Montero R, JanéSalas E. Probiotics and oral health: A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 May 1;22(3):e282-e288. doi: 10.4317/medoral.21494. PMID: 28390121; PMCID: PMC5432076.Short term effect of chewing gum containing probiotics lactobacillus reutri on levels of inflammatory mediators in GCF / S. Twetman, B. Derawi, M. Keller [et al.] // Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. – 2019. – № 67. – Р. 19–24.Short term effect of chewing gum containing probiotics lactobacillus reutri on levels of inflammatory mediators in GCF / S. Twetman, B. Derawi, M. Keller [et al.] // Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. – 2019. – № 67. – Р. 19–24.Söderling EM, Marttinen AM, Haukioja AL. Probiotic lactobacilli interfere with Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro Curr Microbiol. 2011;62:618–22Söderling EM, Marttinen AM, Haukioja AL. Probiotic lactobacilli interfere with Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro Curr Microbiol. 2011;62:618–22Stadler, A.F., Angst, P.D.M., Arce, R.M., Gomes, S.C., Oppermann, R.V., Susin, C. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokines/chemokines in chronic periodontitis: A meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2016; 43: 727-745. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12557.Stadler, A.F., Angst, P.D.M., Arce, R.M., Gomes, S.C., Oppermann, R.V., Susin, C. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokines/chemokines in chronic periodontitis: A meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2016; 43: 727-745. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12557.Struzycka I. The oral microbiome in dental caries Pol J Microbiol. 2014;63:127–35Struzycka I. The oral microbiome in dental caries Pol J Microbiol. 2014;63:127–35Suvorov A, Karaseva A, Kotyleva M, Kondratenko Y, Lavrenova N, et al. Autoprobiotics as an Approach for Restoration of Personalised Microbiota. Front Microbiol. 2018 Sep 12;9:1869. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01869. PMID: 30258408; 4RPMCID: PMC6144954.Suvorov A, Karaseva A, Kotyleva M, Kondratenko Y, Lavrenova N, et al. Autoprobiotics as an Approach for Restoration of Personalised Microbiota. Front Microbiol. 2018 Sep 12;9:1869. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01869. PMID: 30258408; 4RPMCID: PMC6144954.Zare Javid A, Ameriсan E, Basir L, Ekrami A, Haghighizadeh MH, Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L. Effects of the consumption of probiotic yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on the levels of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in saliva of students with initial stages of dental caries: A double-blind randomized controlled trial Caries Res. 2020;54:68–74Zare Javid A, Ameriсan E, Basir L, Ekrami A, Haghighizadeh MH, Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L. Effects of the consumption of probiotic yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on the levels of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in saliva of students with initial stages of dental caries: A double-blind randomized controlled trial Caries Res. 2020;54:68–74

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.