<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2023-21-54-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-3312</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническое наблюдение пациента с болезнью мойя-мойя, осложнившейся транзиторной ишемической атакой с последующим развитием геморрагического инсульта. Особенности диагностики и лечения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical observation of patient with moya-moya syndrome complicated by transient ischemic attack followed by development of hemorrhagic stroke. Features of diagnosis and treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9703-3452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цибирова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsibirova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цибирова Ольга Ивановна, зав. отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии для больных с ОНМК</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tsibirova Olga I., head of Dept of Resuscitation and Intensive Care for Patients with Stroke</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3948-6397</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привалова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privalova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Привалова Мария Андреевна, к. м. н., зав. отделением для больных с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения, доцент кафедры неврологии им. акад. С. Н. Давиденкова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Privalova Maria Andreevna, PhD Med, head of Dept for Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Accident, associate professor at Dept of Neurology n. a. academician S. N. Davidenkov</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-9971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколова Мария Георгиевна, д. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедры неврологии им. акад. С. Н. Давиденкова, проф. кафедры анатомии и физиологии человека и животных, проф. кафедры нейрохирургии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sokolova Maria G., DM Sci, associate professor, associate professor at Dept of Neurology n. a. academician S. N. Davidenkov, professor at Dept of Anatomy and Physiology of Humans and Animals, professor at Dept of Neurosurgery</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sokolova.m08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-4917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улитин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulitin</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Улитин Алексей Юрьевич, д. м. н., проф., проф. кафедры нейрохирургии, зав. кафедрой нейрохирургии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulitin Alexey Yu., DM Sci, professor, professor at Dept of Neurosurgery, head of Dept of Neurosurgery</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4433-1687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привалова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privalova</surname><given-names>S. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Привалова Софья Алексеевна, аспирант</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Privalova Sofya A., postgraduate student</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7003-9408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цибиров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsibirov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цибиров Андрей Александрович, врач-нейрохирург</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tsibirov Andrey A., neurosurgeon</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-7711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беликова</surname><given-names>М. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belikova</surname><given-names>M. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беликова Мария Яковлевна, д. м. н., зав. отделением компьютерной томографии, проф. отдела учебно-методической работы</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Belikova Maria Ya., DM Sci, head of Dept of Computed Tomography, professor at Dept of Educational and Methodological Work</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Госпиталь для ветеранов войн»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hospital for Veterans of Wars</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Госпиталь для ветеранов войн»; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hospital for Veterans of Wars; North-Western State Medical University n. a. I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; ФГБУН «Институт физиологии имени И. П. Павлова» РАН; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University n. a. I. I. Mechnikov; Institute for Physiology n. a. I. P. Pavlov; Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University n. a. I. I. Mechnikov; Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт физиологии имени И. П. Павлова» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Physiology n. a. I. P. Pavlov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины имени А. М. Никифорова» МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Centre for Emergency and Radiation Medicine n. a. A. M. Nikiforov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Госпиталь для ветеранов войн»; ФГБУН «Институт мозга человека имени Н. П. Бехтеревой» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hospital for Veterans of Wars; St. Petersburg Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>21</issue><issue-title>Неврология и психиатрия (3)</issue-title><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цибирова О.И., Привалова М.А., Соколова М.Г., Улитин А.Ю., Привалова С.А., Цибиров А.А., Беликова М.Я., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цибирова О.И., Привалова М.А., Соколова М.Г., Улитин А.Ю., Привалова С.А., Цибиров А.А., Беликова М.Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsibirova O.I., Privalova M.A., Sokolova M.G., Ulitin A.Y., Privalova S.А., Tsibirov A.A., Belikova M.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3312">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3312</self-uri><abstract><p>Болезнь мойя-мойя – это хроническое цереброваскулярное заболевание, связанное с сужением артерий головного мозга, проявляющееся головной болью, эпилептическими приступами, транзиторной ишемической атакой, приводящее к развитию ишемического или геморрагического инсульта. На сегодняшний день основные патогенетические механизмы болезни мойя-мойя еще полностью не выявлены, но некоторые исследования показали, что важным компонентом развития мойя-мойя является генетический фактор. Однако если вопрос диагностики данного синдрома можно считать решенным, это использование методов нейровизуализации (МРТ, КТ) с контрастированием церебральных сосудов, то вопрос лечения остается актуальным. В статье представлено клиническое наблюдение пациента с болезнью мойя-мойя, у которого развился геморрагический инсульт на фоне перенесенной транзиторной ишемической атаки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Moya-moya syndrome is a chronic cerebrovascular disease associated with narrowing of the arteries of the brain, manifested by headache, epileptic seizures, transient ischemic attack, leading to the development of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. To date, the main pathogenetic mechanisms of moya-moya syndrome have not yet been fully identified, but some studies have shown that an important component of the development of moya-moya is a genetic factor. However, if the issue of diagnosis of this syndrome can be considered solved – it is the use of neuroimaging methods (MRI, CT) with contrast of cerebral vessels, then the issue of treatment remains relevant. The article presents a clinical case of a patient with moya-moya syndrome with the transformation of an ischemic stroke into a hemorrhagic type.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мойя-мойя</kwd><kwd>ангиография</kwd><kwd>стеноз внутренней сонной артерии</kwd><kwd>двусторонний стеноз</kwd><kwd>ишемический симптомы</kwd><kwd>геморрагические симптомы</kwd><kwd>Милдронат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>moya-moya</kwd><kwd>angiography</kwd><kwd>stenosis of the internal carotid artery</kwd><kwd>bilateral stenosis</kwd><kwd>ischemic symptoms</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic symptoms</kwd><kwd>Mildronate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максимова М. Ю. Клиническая эффективность и антиоксидантная активность Милдроната Российский кардиологический журнал. 2009. № 4 (78). С. 55–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maksimova M. Yu. Clinical efficacy and antioxidant activity of Mildronate Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2009. No. 4 (78). Pp. 55–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стаценко М. Е., Туркина С. В., Лопушкова Ю. Е. Новые данные о хорошо известном препарате: фокус на мельдоний. Медицинский совет. 2021. № 14. С. 44–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Statsenko M. E., Turkina S. V., Lopushkova Yu. E. New data on a well-known drug: Focus on meldonium. Medical Counsil. 2021. No. 14. Pp. 44–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соколова М. Г., Привалова М. А., и др. Клинико-лабораторное обоснование применения корректоров метаболизма для лечения пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19 в остром периоде на фоне цереброваскулярной болезни. Медицинский алфавит. Неврология и психиатрия. 2022. № 10 (2). С. 12–18. DOI: 10.33667/2078–5631–2022–10–12–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokolova M. G., Privalova M. A., et al. Clinical and laboratory rationale for the use of metabolic correctors for the treatment of patients with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the acute period against the background of cerebrovascular disease. Medical Alphabet. Neurology and Psychiatry. 2022. No. 10 (2). Pp. 12–18. DOI: 10.33667/2078–5631–2022–10–12–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федин А. И., Соловьева Э. Ю., Баранова О. А. Хроническая ишемия мозга и ИБС. Нервные болезни. 2020. № 3. С. 15–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedin A. I., Solovyova E. Yu., Baranova O. A. Chronic cerebral ischemia and ischemic heart disease. Nervous Diseases. 2020. No. 3. Pp. 15–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хейло Ю. А., Данилогорская Ю. А., Назаренко Г. Б. Показатели бульбарной капилляроскопии при ХИМ И ИБС. Терапия. 2020. № 3 (37). С. 58–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kheilo Yu.A., Danilogorskaya Yu.A., Nazarenko G. B. Indicators of bulbar capillaroscopy in CCI and ischemic heart disease. Therapy. 2020. No. 3 (37). Pp. 58–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ширалиева Р. К., Гасанов Р. Л. Применение Милдроната у больных с когнитивными расстройствами при мозговом инсульте. Клиническая медицина. 2007. № 7, том 12/1. С. 71–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiralieva R. K., Gasanov R. L. Use of Mildronate in patients with cognitive disorders due to cerebral stroke. Clinical medicine. 2007. No. 7, vol. 12/1. Pp. 71–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams HP, Kassell NF, Wisoff HS, Drake CG (1979) Intracranial saccular aneurysm and Moyamoya disease. Stroke 10: 174–179. [Aoki N (1993) Cerebrovascular bypass surgery for the treatment of Moyamoya disease: unsatisfactory outcome in the patients presenting with intracranial hemorrhage. Surg Neurol 40: 372–377].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams HP, Kassell NF, Wisoff HS, Drake CG (1979) Intracranial saccular aneurysm and Moyamoya disease. Stroke 10: 174–179. [Aoki N (1993) Cerebrovascular bypass surgery for the treatment of Moyamoya disease: unsatisfactory outcome in the patients presenting with intracranial hemorrhage. Surg Neurol 40: 372–377].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ando T, Iwai T, Shimizu K, Miwa Y, Deguchi K, Sakai N, Yamada H, Ohkuma A, Hunakoshi T (1988). Moyamoya disease associated with aneurysm. Analysis of six cases. Surg Cerebr Stroke 16: 161–167 (Jpn).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ando T, Iwai T, Shimizu K, Miwa Y, Deguchi K, Sakai N, Yamada H, Ohkuma A, Hunakoshi T (1988). Moyamoya disease associated with aneurysm. Analysis of six cases. Surg Cerebr Stroke 16: 161–167 (Jpn).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aoki N (1993) Cerebrovascular bypass surgery for the treatment of moyamoya disease: Unsatisfactory outcome in the patients presenting with intracranial hemorrhage. Surg Neurol 40: 372–377.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aoki N (1993) Cerebrovascular bypass surgery for the treatment of moyamoya disease: Unsatisfactory outcome in the patients presenting with intracranial hemorrhage. Surg Neurol 40: 372–377.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bucciero A, Carangelo B, Vizioli L. Giant basilar artery aneurysm associated with moyamoya disease. Case report and review of the literature. Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1994 Jun; 16 (3): 121–8. PMID: 7992661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bucciero A, Carangelo B, Vizioli L. Giant basilar artery aneurysm associated with moyamoya disease. Case report and review of the literature. Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1994 Jun; 16 (3): 121–8. PMID: 7992661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canavero I, Vetrano IG, Zedde M, Pascarella R, Gatti L, Acerbi F, Nava S, Ferroli P, Parati EA, Bersano A. Clinical Management of Moyamoya Patients. J Clin Med. 2021 Aug 17; 10 (16): 3628. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163628. PMID: 34441923; PMCID: PMC 8397113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Canavero I, Vetrano IG, Zedde M, Pascarella R, Gatti L, Acerbi F, Nava S, Ferroli P, Parati EA, Bersano A. Clinical Management of Moyamoya Patients. J Clin Med. 2021 Aug 17; 10 (16): 3628. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163628. PMID: 34441923; PMCID: PMC 8397113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graf J, Schwitalla JC, Albrecht P, Veltkamp R, Berlit P, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Kraemer M. Misdiagnoses and delay of diagnoses in Moyamoya angiopathy-a large Caucasian case series. J Neurol. 2019 May; 266 (5): 1153–1159. DOI: 10.1007/s00415–019–09245–9. Epub 2019 Feb 25. PMID: 30805794.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graf J, Schwitalla JC, Albrecht P, Veltkamp R, Berlit P, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Kraemer M. Misdiagnoses and delay of diagnoses in Moyamoya angiopathy-a large Caucasian case series. J Neurol. 2019 May; 266 (5): 1153–1159. DOI: 10.1007/s00415–019–09245–9. Epub 2019 Feb 25. PMID: 30805794.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamada K, Imanishi M, Kawaguchi S, Koshimae N, Tokunaga H, Park YS (1993) Orbitozygomatic temporopolar approach for basilar aneurysm associated with moyamoya disease. Surg Cereb Stroke 21: 161–166 (Jpn).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamada K, Imanishi M, Kawaguchi S, Koshimae N, Tokunaga H, Park YS (1993) Orbitozygomatic temporopolar approach for basilar aneurysm associated with moyamoya disease. Surg Cereb Stroke 21: 161–166 (Jpn).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawaguchi S, Sakaki T, Morimoto T, Kakizaki T, Kamada K. Characteristics of intracranial aneurysms associated with moya-moya disease. A review of 111 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1996; 138 (11): 1287–94. DOI: 10.1007/BF01411057. PMID: 8980731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawaguchi S, Sakaki T, Morimoto T, Kakizaki T, Kamada K. Characteristics of intracranial aneurysms associated with moya-moya disease. A review of 111 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1996; 138 (11): 1287–94. DOI: 10.1007/BF01411057. PMID: 8980731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kudo T., Takayama R., Mikawakuchi W. et al. Occlusion of internal carotid artery. Brain Nerve (Tokyo), 1957. No. 9. P. 757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudo T., Takayama R., Mikawakuchi W. et al. Occlusion of internal carotid artery. Brain Nerve (Tokyo), 1957. No. 9. P. 757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kudo T. Spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis: A disease apparently confined to Japanese. Neurology, 1968. No. 18. P. 485–496.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudo T. Spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis: A disease apparently confined to Japanese. Neurology, 1968. No. 18. P. 485–496.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikami T, Suzuki H, Komatsu K, Mikuni N. Influence of Inflammatory Disease on the Pathophysiology of Moyamoya Disease and Quasi-moyamoya Disease. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2019 Oct 15; 59 (10): 361–370. DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2019–0059. Epub 2019 Jul 6. PMID: 31281171; PMCID: PMC 6796064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikami T, Suzuki H, Komatsu K, Mikuni N. Influence of Inflammatory Disease on the Pathophysiology of Moyamoya Disease and Quasi-moyamoya Disease. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2019 Oct 15; 59 (10): 361–370. DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2019–0059. Epub 2019 Jul 6. PMID: 31281171; PMCID: PMC 6796064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mineharu Y, Liu W, Inoue K, Matsuura N, Inoue S, Takenaka K, Ikeda H, Houkin K, Takagi Y, Kikuta K, Nozaki K, Hashimoto N, Koizumi A. Autosomal dominant moyamoya disease maps to chromosome 17q25.3. Neurology. 2008 Jun 10; 70 (24 Pt 2): 2357–63. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000291012.49986.f9. Epub 2008 May 7. PMID: 18463369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mineharu Y, Liu W, Inoue K, Matsuura N, Inoue S, Takenaka K, Ikeda H, Houkin K, Takagi Y, Kikuta K, Nozaki K, Hashimoto N, Koizumi A. Autosomal dominant moyamoya disease maps to chromosome 17q25.3. Neurology. 2008 Jun 10; 70 (24 Pt 2): 2357–63. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000291012.49986.f9. Epub 2008 May 7. PMID: 18463369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishimoto A., Takeuchi T. Abnormal cerebrovascular network related to the internal carotid arteries. J. Neurosurg. 1968. No. 29. P. 255–260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishimoto A., Takeuchi T. Abnormal cerebrovascular network related to the internal carotid arteries. J. Neurosurg. 1968. No. 29. P. 255–260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takeuchi K., Shimuzu K. Hypoplasia of the bilateral internal carotid arteries. Brain Nerve (Tokyo), 1957. No. 9. P. 37–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takeuchi K., Shimuzu K. Hypoplasia of the bilateral internal carotid arteries. Brain Nerve (Tokyo), 1957. No. 9. P. 37–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yabumoto M, Funahashi K, Fujii T, Hayashi S, Komai N (1983) Moyamoya disease associated with intracranial aneurysms. Surg Neurol 20: 20–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yabumoto M, Funahashi K, Fujii T, Hayashi S, Komai N (1983) Moyamoya disease associated with intracranial aneurysms. Surg Neurol 20: 20–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H, Zheng L, Feng L. Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease. Exp Ther Med. 2019 Mar; 17(3):1977–1984. doi: 10.3892/etm.2019.7198. Epub 2019 Jan 25. PMID: 30867689; PMCID: PMC 6395994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H, Zheng L, Feng L. Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease. Exp Ther Med. 2019 Mar; 17(3):1977–1984. doi: 10.3892/etm.2019.7198. Epub 2019 Jan 25. PMID: 30867689; PMCID: PMC 6395994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
