<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2023-18-19-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-3289</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние курения и употребления алкогольных напитков на возникновение язвенного колита и его течение у взрослого населения региона Западной Сибири</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Smoking and alcohol consumption impact on development and distribution of ulcerative colitis in adult patients among West Siberia Region population</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-9152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбавова</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbavova</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бикбавова Галия Равильевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии, эндокринологии</p><p>Омск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bikbavova Galiya R., PhD Med, associate professor, associate professor at Dept of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galiya1976@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ливзан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Livzan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ливзан Мария Анатольевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии и гастроэнтерологии</p><p>Омск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Livzan Maria A., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Faculty Therapy and Gastroenterology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mlivzan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-7853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонравова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonravova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тихонравова Дарья Владимировна, студент VI курса лечебного факультета</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tikhonravova Darya V., 6th year student of Faculty of Medicine</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nobrainnogain@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-0102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Третьякова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tretyakova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Третьякова Татьяна Валентиновна, заведующий отделением гастроэнтерологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tretyakova Tatiana V., head of Dept of Gastroenterology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">strekozaomsk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-3528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panova</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панова Татьяна Юрьевна, врач-гастроэнтеролог отделения гастроэнтерологии</p><p>Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Panova Tatiana Yu., gastroenterologist at Dept of Gastroenterology</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanyapanova81@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>БУЗ Омской области «Областная клиническая больница»,</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>БУЗ Омской области «Областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>18</issue><issue-title>Обозрение (2)</issue-title><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бикбавова Г.Р., Ливзан М.А., Тихонравова Д.В., Третьякова Т.В., Панова Т.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бикбавова Г.Р., Ливзан М.А., Тихонравова Д.В., Третьякова Т.В., Панова Т.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bikbavova G.R., Livzan M.A., Tikhonravova D.V., Tretyakova T.V., Panova T.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3289">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3289</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Несмотря на длительную историю изучения язвенного колита (ЯК), причины его развития до сих пор недостаточно ясны. Влияние курения на возникновение ЯК установлено уже несколько десятилетий назад, но обсуждается до сих пор, поскольку механизм воздействия компонентов табачного дыма на слизистую оболочку толстой кишки по-прежнему неизвестен. Роль алкоголя в возникновении ЯК также не до конца ясна. Исследования, направленные на выявление потенциальных факторов риска, в том числе вредных привычек, представляют интерес с целью разработки профилактических мероприятий и для ранней диагностики заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучение ассоциативных взаимосвязей курения и употребления алкогольных напитков с особенностями течения ЯК у взрослого населения региона Западной Сибири.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. С 2017 по 2022 год проводилось исследование по принципу «случай – контроль». Методом активного анкетирования опрошено 157 больных ЯК, группа сравнения составила 56 человек, сопоставимых по полу и возрасту с основной группой.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди прекративших курить больных шанс развития ЯК в 3,8 раза выше. У 48 % пациентов дебют заболевания наблюдался спустя 5 и более лет после отказа от курения. Среди пациентов, когда-либо злоупотреблявших курением, отмечена бóльшая частота тотального поражения, тогда как у пациентов без фактора курения в анамнезе преобладает левостороннее поражение. Длительность анамнеза не оказывает влияние на распространенность процесса. Среднее количество употребляемого вина в группе здоровых респондентов почти троекратно превосходило таковое в группе больных ЯК.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Курение выступает в роли триггерного фактора, способствующего развитию ЯК вне зависимости от количества выкуриваемых сигарет. У курящих пациентов и прекративших курить значимо чаще в патологический процесс вовлекается вся толстая кишка. Употребление вина в дозах, не превышающих 20 мл в сутки, возможно, оказывает протективное действие в отношении развития ЯК.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the prolonged history of study of ulcerative colitis (UC) its precise aetiology is still unknown. Smoking impact on UC development has been revealed several decades ago and is being discussed due to the exact mechanism of tobacco smoke components to affect colonic mucosa hasn’t been discovered. Alcohol consumption role in UC development isn’t completely understood as well. Researches into the potential risk factors including pernicious habits are of interest as it allows the development of preventive measures and early diagnosis.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate the correlation between smoking, alcohol consumption and UC development in adult patients among West Siberia region population</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. It has been conducted a case-control study from 2017 to 2022. The case series and matched controls included 157 UC patients and 56 healthy respondents respectively. Information was obtained through a written questionnaire.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Ulcerative colitis development odds in patients who quit smoking is 3.8 times higher. Disease debut in 48 % of patients occurred 5 or more years after quitting smoking. Extensive colitis was observed more often in patients with smoking history and left-sided colitis predominated in nonsmoking patients. There's no correlation between smoking history duration and UC distribution. Average amount of wine consumed in controls was almost three times higher than in UC patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Smoking is not only considered as a trigger that can potentially cause UC regardless the number of cigarettes. Extensive colitis has been observed more often in smoking patients and the ones who quit smoking. Wine consumption up to 20 ml per day may have a protective effect against UC.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>алкоголь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>smoking</kwd><kwd>alcohol</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knyazev OV, Shkurko TV, Kagramanova AV, Veselov AV, Nikonov EL. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. State of the problem (review). Russian Journal of Evidence-based Gastroenterology = Dokazatel’naya gastroenterologiya. 2020; 9 (2): 66–73. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/dokgastro2020902166</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knyazev OV, Shkurko TV, Kagramanova AV, Veselov AV, Nikonov EL. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. State of the problem (review). Russian Journal of Evidence-based Gastroenterology = Dokazatel’naya gastroenterologiya. 2020; 9 (2): 66–73. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/dokgastro2020902166</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivashkin VT, Shelygin YA, Achkasov SI, Vasilyev SV, Grigoryev YG, Dudka VV, Zhukov BN, Karpukhin OY, Kuzminov AM, Kulikovsky VF, Lapina TL, Lakhin AV, Mayev IV, Moskalev AI, Muravyev AV, Polovinkin VV, Poluektova EA, Stoyko YM, Timerbulatov VM, Trukhmanov AS, Frolov SA, Chibisov GI, Shifrin OS, Sheptulin AA, Khalif IL, Efron AG, Yanovoy VV. Diagnostics and treatment of diverticular disease of the colon: Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and Russian Association of Coloproctology. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016; 26 (1): 65–80. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin VT, Shelygin YA, Achkasov SI, Vasilyev SV, Grigoryev YG, Dudka VV, Zhukov BN, Karpukhin OY, Kuzminov AM, Kulikovsky VF, Lapina TL, Lakhin AV, Mayev IV, Moskalev AI, Muravyev AV, Polovinkin VV, Poluektova EA, Stoyko YM, Timerbulatov VM, Trukhmanov AS, Frolov SA, Chibisov GI, Shifrin OS, Sheptulin AA, Khalif IL, Efron AG, Yanovoy VV. Diagnostics and treatment of diverticular disease of the colon: Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and Russian Association of Coloproctology. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016; 26 (1): 65–80. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knyazev OV, Kagramanova AV, Parfenov AI. Ulcerative colitis. To the 180th anniversary of the description by Karl Rokytansky. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arch.). 2021; 93 (12): 1564–1568. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.12.201219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knyazev OV, Kagramanova AV, Parfenov AI. Ulcerative colitis. To the 180th anniversary of the description by Karl Rokytansky. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arch.). 2021; 93 (12): 1564–1568. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.12.201219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosnes J. Smoking, physical activity, nutrition and lifestyle: Environmental factors and their impact on IBD. J. Cosnes. Dig Dis. 2010. Vol. 28. P. 411–417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosnes J. Smoking, physical activity, nutrition and lifestyle: Environmental factors and their impact on IBD. J. Cosnes. Dig Dis. 2010. Vol. 28. P. 411–417.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nie JY, Zhao Q. Beverage consumption and risk of ulcerative colitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Medicine (Baltimore).2017; 96: e9070.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nie JY, Zhao Q. Beverage consumption and risk of ulcerative colitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Medicine (Baltimore).2017; 96: e9070.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бикбавова Г.Р., Ливзан М.А., Совалкин В.И., Турчанинов Д.В., Третьякова Т.В., Лопатина О.Е., Панова Т.Ю. Влияние алиментарного фактора на развитие язвенного колита. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2019; 162 (2): 24–27. DOI: 10.31146/1682–8658-ecg162–2–24–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bikbavova G.R., Livzan M.A., Sovalkin V.I., Turchaninov D.V., Tretyakova T.V., Lopatina O.E., Panova T.Y. The influence of alimentary factor on the development of ulcerative colitis. Experimental and clinical gastroenterology. 2019; 162 (2): 24–27. DOI: 10.31146/1682–8658-ecg162–2–24–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahid S.S. et al. Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Elsevier, 2006. V. 81. No. 11. P. 1462–1471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahid S.S. et al. Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Elsevier, 2006. V. 81. No. 11. P. 1462–1471.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porter C.K. et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among participants of the Millennium Cohort: Incidence, deployment-related risk factors, and antecedent episodes of infectious gastroenteritis. Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. 2017. V. 45. No. 8. P. 1115–1127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porter C.K. et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among participants of the Millennium Cohort: Incidence, deployment-related risk factors, and antecedent episodes of infectious gastroenteritis. Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. 2017. V. 45. No. 8. P. 1115–1127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бикбавова Г. Р., Ливзан М. А., Совалкин В. И., Турчанинов Д. В., Третьякова Т. В., Лопатина О. Е., Мартыненко О.В. Язвенный колит и алкоголь: есть ли связь? Кремлевская медицина. Клинический вестник. 2019; 2: 17–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bikbavova G.R., Livzan M.A., Sovalkin V.I., Turchaninov D.V., Tretyakova T.V., Lopatina O.E., Martynenko O.V. Ulcerative colitis and alcohol: Is there a connection? Kremlin Medicine. Clinical Bulletin. 2019; 2: 17–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bishehsari F., Magno E., Swanson G., Desai V., Voigt R.M., Forsyth C.B., Keshavarzian A. Alcohol and Gut-Derived Inflammation. Alcohol Res. 2017, 38, 163–171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bishehsari F., Magno E., Swanson G., Desai V., Voigt R.M., Forsyth C.B., Keshavarzian A. Alcohol and Gut-Derived Inflammation. Alcohol Res. 2017, 38, 163–171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bajaj J.S. Alcohol, liver disease and the gut microbiota. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2019, 16, 235–246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bajaj J.S. Alcohol, liver disease and the gut microbiota. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2019, 16, 235–246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubinkina V.B., Tyakht A.V., Odintsova V.Y., Yarygin K.S., Kovarsky B.A., Pavlenko A.V., Ischenko D.S., Popenko A.S., Alexeev D.G., Taraskina A.Y., et al. Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease. Microbiome 2017, 5, 141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubinkina V.B., Tyakht A.V., Odintsova V.Y., Yarygin K.S., Kovarsky B.A., Pavlenko A.V., Ischenko D.S., Popenko A.S., Alexeev D.G., Taraskina A.Y., et al. Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease. Microbiome 2017, 5, 141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rehm J. The risks associated with alcohol use and alcoholism. Alcohol Res. Health 2011, 34, 135–143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rehm J. The risks associated with alcohol use and alcoholism. Alcohol Res. Health 2011, 34, 135–143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vrdoljak J., Kumric M., Ticinovic Kurir T., Males I., Martinovic D., Vilovic M., Bozic J. Effects of Wine Components in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Molecules 2021, 26, 5891. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195891</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vrdoljak J., Kumric M., Ticinovic Kurir T., Males I., Martinovic D., Vilovic M., Bozic J. Effects of Wine Components in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Molecules 2021, 26, 5891. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195891</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nunes S., Danesi F., Del Rio D., Silva P. Resveratrol and inflammatory bowel disease: The evidence so far. Nutr. Res. Rev. 2018, 31, 85–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nunes S., Danesi F., Del Rio D., Silva P. Resveratrol and inflammatory bowel disease: The evidence so far. Nutr. Res. Rev. 2018, 31, 85–97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gutierrez-Escobar R., Aliano-Gonzalez M.J., Cantos-Villar E. Wine Polyphenol Content and Its Influence on Wine Quality and Properties: A Review. Molecules 2021, 26, 718.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutierrez-Escobar R., Aliano-Gonzalez M.J., Cantos-Villar E. Wine Polyphenol Content and Its Influence on Wine Quality and Properties: A Review. Molecules 2021, 26, 718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castaldo L., Narváez A., Izzo L., Graziani G., Gaspari A., Minno G.D., Ritieni A. Red Wine Consumption and Cardiovascular Health. Molecules 2019, 24, 3626.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castaldo L., Narváez A., Izzo L., Graziani G., Gaspari A., Minno G.D., Ritieni A. Red Wine Consumption and Cardiovascular Health. Molecules 2019, 24, 3626.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radonjic S., Maras V., Raicevic J., Kosmerl T. Wine or Beer? Comparison, Changes and Improvement of Polyphenolic Compounds during Technological Phases. Molecules 2020, 25, 4960.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radonjic S., Maras V., Raicevic J., Kosmerl T. Wine or Beer? Comparison, Changes and Improvement of Polyphenolic Compounds during Technological Phases. Molecules 2020, 25, 4960.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minzer S., Estruch R., Casas R. Wine Intake in the Framework of a Mediterranean Diet and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases: A Short Literature Review of the Last 5 Years. Molecules 2020, 25, 5045.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minzer S., Estruch R., Casas R. Wine Intake in the Framework of a Mediterranean Diet and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases: A Short Literature Review of the Last 5 Years. Molecules 2020, 25, 5045.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biasi F., Deiana M., Guina T., Gamba P. Leonarduzzi G., Poli G. Wine consumption and intestinal redox homeostasis. Redox Biol. 2014, 2, 795–802.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biasi F., Deiana M., Guina T., Gamba P. Leonarduzzi G., Poli G. Wine consumption and intestinal redox homeostasis. Redox Biol. 2014, 2, 795–802.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giovinazzo G., Grieco F. Functional Properties of Grape and Wine Polyphenols. Plant. Foods Hum. Nutr. 2015, 70, 454–462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giovinazzo G., Grieco F. Functional Properties of Grape and Wine Polyphenols. Plant. Foods Hum. Nutr. 2015, 70, 454–462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samsami-Kor M., Daryani N.E., Asl P.R., Hekmatdoost A. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study. Arch. Med. Res. 2015, 46, 280–285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samsami-Kor M., Daryani N.E., Asl P.R., Hekmatdoost A. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study. Arch. Med. Res. 2015, 46, 280–285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CINDI (Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable, Diseases Intervention) dietary guide. [Internet]. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2000. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/document/e70041.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CINDI (Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable, Diseases Intervention) dietary guide. [Internet]. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2000. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/document/e70041.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Организация и методика проведения социологических исследований здоровья сельского населения для информационного обеспечения системы социально-гигиенического мониторинга: методические рекомендации МР 5.1/5.2.012–04. Ю.В. Ерофеев, М.С. Болдырева, Д.В. Турчанинов [и др.]. Омская государственная медицинская академия. Омск: ФГУ ЦГСЭН Омской области, 2004. 52 с. EDN UKMFGB.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Organization and methodology of conducting sociological research on the health of rural population for information support of the system of social and hygienic monitoring: Methodological recommendations of the MP 5.1/5.2.012–04. Yu.V. Erofeev, M.S. Boldyreva, D.V. Turchaninov [et al.]. Omsk State Medical Academy. Omsk: Federal State University of the Omsk Region, 2004. 52 p. EDN UKMFGB</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
