medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/10.33667/2078-5631-2023-13-22-27medalphabet-3235Research ArticleСтатьиАнализ условий труда, социального статуса и здоровья трудовых мигрантовAnalysis of working conditions, social status and health of migrant workerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4293-3285ОрловаН. В.OrlovaN. V.

Орлова Наталья Васильевна, д.м.н., проф., проф. кафедры факультетской терапии педиатрического факультета

Москва

Orlova Natalia V., MD, PhD, Professor the Department of faculty therapy

Moscow

vrach315@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-2971ФедулаевЮ. Н.FedulaevYu. N.

Федулаев Юрий Николаевич, д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой факультетской терапии педиатрического факультета

Москва

Fedulaev Yuri N., MD, PhD, head of the Department of faculty therapy

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3911-8543АракеловС. Э.ArakelovS. E.

Аракелов Сергей Эрнестович, д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой «Семейная медицина с курсом паллиативной медицинской помощи»; главный врач

Москва

Arakelov Sergey E., M.D., Ph.D., head of the Department of Family Medicine with the Course of Palliative Care; head physician

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-0634ТитоваИ. Ю.TitovaI. Yu.

Титова Ирина Юрьевна, зам. главного врача медицинской части

Москва

Titova Irina Yu., deputy head physician of the Department of Medicine

Moscow

ЩепетинН. В.ShchepetinN. V.

Щепетин Никита Витальевич, ординатор кафедры факультетской терапии педиатрического факультета

Москва

Shchepetin Nikita V., resident the Department of faculty therapy

Moscow

ШурыгинаН. В.ShuryginaN. V.

Шурыгина Наталья Васильевна, зав. отделом медицинской статистики

Москва

Shurygina Natalia V., Head of the Department of Medical Statistics

Moscow

ПлющеваА. В.PlushevaA. V.

Плющева Александра Васильевна, студентка кафедры факультетской терапии педиатрического факультета

Москва

Plusheva Alexandra V., student of faculty therapy

Moscow

 

ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РоссииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 13 ДЗМ»РоссияRussian Peoples’ Friendship University; City Clinical Hospital № 13, MoscowRussian FederationГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 13 ДЗМ»РоссияCity Clinical Hospital № 13Russian Federation202318102023013Современная поликлиника (1)2227Copyright © Орлова Н.В., Федулаев Ю.Н., Аракелов С.Э., Титова И.Ю., Щепетин Н.В., Шурыгина Н.В., Плющева А.В., 20232023Орлова Н.В., Федулаев Ю.Н., Аракелов С.Э., Титова И.Ю., Щепетин Н.В., Шурыгина Н.В., Плющева А.В.Orlova N.V., Fedulaev Y.N., Arakelov S.E., Titova I.Y., Shchepetin N.V., Shurygina N.V., Plusheva A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3235

Трудовая миграция имеет социально-экономическую значимость в интересах как принимающей страны, так и страны происхождения. Тяжелые условия труда, неблагоприятные условия жизни повышают риск развития заболеваний. Анализ состояния здоровья трудовых мигрантов в разных странах выявил, что наиболее часто встречаются инфекционные заболевания, травмы, включая производственные, острые интоксикации и острая хирургическая патология. Особого внимания требует женское здоровье. Проведенное исследование в ГБУЗ «ГКБ № 13 ДЗМ» выявило, что наибольшее количество пациентов были из Киргизии, Таджикистана, Узбекистана. Среди причин госпитализации преобладают острая хирургическая патология, травмы, гинекологические заболевания. Среди заболеваний терапевтического профиля наиболее часто встречаются циррозы, гепатиты, острые интоксикации, заболевания мочеполовой системы, болезни системы кровообращения и цереброваскулярные болезни. Обращает на себя внимание короткий срок пребывания в стационаре – 2,4 дня. В России приняты меры, направленные на сохранение здоровья трудовых мигрантов. С декабря 2021 года стал обязательным медосмотр. Разработанные меры по улучшению качества медицинских обследований трудовых мигрантов направлены на раннее выявление и профилактику заболеваний.

Labor migration has socio-economic significance in the interests of both the host country and the country of origin. Difficult working conditions, unfavorable living conditions increase the risk of developing diseases. An analysis of the health status of migrant workers in different countries revealed that infectious diseases, injuries, including industrial, acute intoxication and acute surgical pathology are most common. Women’s health requires special attention. A study conducted at the GBUZ «GCB No. 13 DZM» revealed that the largest number of patients were from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Acute surgical pathology, injuries, gynecological diseases prevail among the reasons for hospitalization. Among the diseases of the therapeutic profile, cirrhosis, hepatitis, acute intoxication, diseases of the urinary and reproductive system, diseases of the circulatory system and cerebrovascular diseases are most common. Attention is drawn to the short period of stay in the hospital –2.4 days. Russia has taken measures aimed at preserving the health of migrant workers. Since December 2021, a medical examination has become mandatory. The developed measures to improve the quality of medical examinations of migrant workers are aimed at early detection and prevention of diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.