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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2023-11-6-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-3144</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пробиотики в лечении острых респираторных вирусных инфекций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Probiotics in treatment of respiratory viral infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-0336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барышникова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baryshnikova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барышникова Наталья Владимировна, к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней стоматологического факультета, ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России; н.с. лаборатории молекулярной микробиологии, ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»; м.н.с. лаборатории медико-социальных проблем педиатрии, ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baryshnikova Natalia V., PhD Med, associate professor, associate professor at Dept of Internal Diseases of Faculty of Dentistry, First Saint Petersburg State Medical University n.a. academician I.P. Pavlov; researcher at Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine; junior researcher at Laboratory of Medical and Social Problems of Pediatrics, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baryshnikova_nv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России; ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Saint Petersburg State Medical University n.a. academician I.P. Pavlov, Saint Petersburg; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title>Обозрение (1)</issue-title><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Барышникова Н.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барышникова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baryshnikova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3144">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/3144</self-uri><abstract><p>Острые респираторные вирусные инфекции (ОРВИ) традиционно занимают лидирующие позиции по заболеваемости и по частоте обращаемости в медицинские учреждения. ОРВИ страдают лица совершенно разного возраста, в том числе дети и пожилые люди, у которых заболевания протекают с более яркой симптоматикой и более высоким риском развития осложнений. Изучение вопросов патогенеза, оптимизации лечения и профилактики ОРВИ является крайне актуальным и приобрело особую значимость во время пандемии COVID-19. С другой стороны, достаточно большое число людей на планете имеют нарушения кишечной микробиоты, что негативно сказывается на процессах обмена веществ, состоянии иммунитета и может лежать в основе развития системных воспалительных реакций. В условиях дисбиоза кишечника отмечается более тяжелое и длительное течение ОРВИ, что может быть сопряжено с изменением иммунологических эффектов кишечной микробиоты, недостаточностью ряда факторов местного и общего иммунитета и нарушением функционирования оси «кишечник – легкие». Патогенетически оправдано использование препаратов для коррекции нарушений микробиоты кишечника (пробиотиков) у пациентов с ОРВИ, в том числе принимающих антибиотики по поводу бактериальных осложнений. Пробиотики оказывают иммуномодулирующие эффекты. Они могут напрямую связываться с вирусом и ингибировать прикрепление вируса к рецептору клетки-хозяина, а также способствуют улучшению работы клеточного, гуморального и местного иммунитета.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute respiratory viral infections (RVI) traditionally lead in frequency of morbidity and frequency of visits to medical institutions. RVI affects people of completely different ages, including children and the elderly, whose diseases occur with more severe symptoms and a higher risk of complications. The study of the pathogenesis, optimization of treatment and prevention of RVI is extremely relevant and has special signiﬁcance in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, quite a large number of people on the planet have disorders of the gut microbiota, which negatively affects the metabolic process, the state of immunity and may underlie the development of systemic inﬂammatory reactions. In situation of gut dysbiosis, a more severe and prolonged duration of RVI is noted, which may be associated with a change in the immunological effects of the gut microbiota, the insufﬁciency of a number of factors of local and common immunity and a disorder of the functioning of the ‘gut-lungs’ axis. Pathogenetically justiﬁed the usage of medications (probiotics) for the correction of gut microbiota disorders in patients with RVI, including those taking antibiotics for bacterial complications. Probiotics have immunomodulatory effects. They can directly inhibit the attachment of the virus to the receptor of the host cell, and also contribute to the improvement of cellular, humoral and local immunity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>респираторные вирусные инфекции</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>respiratory viral infections</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sekirov I, Russell SL, Antunes LC, Finlay BB. Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2010 Jul; 90 (3): 859–904. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2009. PMID: 20664075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sekirov I, Russell SL, Antunes LC, Finlay BB. Gut microbiota in health and disease. 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