medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2022-18-14-19medalphabet-2758Research ArticleСтатьиВыбор режима питания и самосохранительное поведение:: новые тенденции на примере палеолитической диетыDiet choices and self-preserving behavior: New trends in Paleolithic dietВяловС. С.VyalovS. S.

 Вялов Сергей Сергеевич, к.м.н., доцент

Москва 

 Vyalov Sergey S., PhD Med, associate professor 

Moscow 

doctor@vyalov.comГилюкА. В.GilukV. A.

 Гилюк Анастасия Владимировна, врач-гастроэнтеролог

Москва 

 Gilyuk Anastasia V., gastroenterologist 

 Moscow 

an.giluck2016@yandex.ruКафедра общей практики ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияPeoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussian FederationАО «Медси-2»Россия‘Medsi-2’ Co.Russian Federation202224092022118Практическая гастроэнтерология (2)1419Copyright © Вялов С.С., Гилюк А.В., 20222022Вялов С.С., Гилюк А.В.Vyalov S.S., Giluk V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2758

Режим и структура питания однозначно имеют влияние на состояние здоровья. Собраны и обобщены научные данные о позитивном и негативном влиянии на состояние здоровья конкретных режимов питания. Самосохранительное поведение подталкивает здоровых людей и людей с хроническими заболеваниями к интуитивным изменениям питания с целью улучшения состояния здоровья или с целью предотвращения ухудшения здоровья. Ввиду широкой доступности профессиональной информации и отсутствия в массе базовых знаний возникают заблуждения, которые потенциально могут ухудшить состояние здоровья. Одним из трендов самосохранительного поведения последних лет является приверженность к палеолитическому питанию. Исследования показывают положительные изменения состояния здоровья у людей с избыточными весом и некоторыми хроническим заболеваниями и спорные результаты у здоровых людей. Накоплены данные научных исследований о влиянии палеолитической диеты на обменные процессы, гормональный фон, сердечно-сосудистую систему, желудочно-кишечный тракт. Получены результаты, подтверждающие эффективность палеодиеты при метаболических нарушениях и избыточном весе. Имеются спорные и противоречивые результаты по применению палеодиеты при болезнях печени и нарушениях микрофлоры кишечника. Данные по заболеваниям щитовидной железы и воспалительным заболеваниям кишечника получены на малых выборах и не могут расцениваться как достоверные. Исходя из имеющихся исследований на сегодняшний день можно сделать вывод, что включение палеолитического рациона в схемы профилактики и лечения возможно. В любом случае изменение режима питания следует расценивать как фактор риска развития хронических заболеваний. Необходимо системное управление самосохранительным поведением населения как минимум в отношении питания ввиду разрозненной, противоречивой, зачастую недостоверной информации о безопасном составе рациона питания. Самостоятельный выбор системы питания без соответствующей квалификации и оценки состояния может приводить к формированию ложных ожиданий от самосохранительного поведения в целом и потере доверия к питанию как фактору управления здоровьем.

The mode and structure of nutrition clearly have an impact on health. Collected and summarized scientifc data on the positive and negative impact on the health of specifc diets. Self-preservation behavior encourages healthy people and people with chronic illnesses to make intuitive dietary changes to improve health or to prevent ill health. Due to the wide availability of professional information and the lack of basic knowledge among the masses, misconceptions arise that can potentially worsen the state of health. One of the trends of self-preservation behavior in recent years is adherence to the Paleolithic diet. Research shows positive health outcomes in people with overweight and certain chronic diseases, and controversial results in healthy people. Data from scientifc studies on the influence of the Paleolithic diet on metabolic processes, hormonal levels, the cardiovascular system, and the gastrointestinal tract have been accumulated. Results have been obtained confrming the effectiveness of the Paleo diet in metabolic disorders and overweight. There are controversial and conflicting results on the use of the Paleo diet for liver disease and disorders of the intestinal microflora. Data on thyroid disease and inflammatory bowel disease come from small samples and cannot be considered reliable. Based on the available research to date, it can be concluded that the inclusion of a Paleolithic diet in prevention and treatment regimens is possible. In any case, a change in diet should be regarded as a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. It is necessary to systematically manage the self-preserving behavior of the population, at least in relation to nutrition, due to scattered, contradictory, often unreliable information about the safe composition of the diet. An independent choice of a nutrition system without appropriate qualifcation and assessment of the state can lead to the formation of false expectations from self-preserving behavior in general and the loss of confdence in nutrition as a factor in managing health.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.