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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2022-16-121-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-2742</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОНУТРИЕНТЫ И МИНЕРНЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА: НОВОЕ И АКТУАЛЬНОЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разнообразие β‑глюканов: свойства, адекватные и клинически эффективные дозы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Variety of β-glucans: properties, adequate and clinically effective doses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-1132</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коденцова</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kodentsova</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коденцова Вера Митрофановна, д. б. н., проф., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории витаминов и минеральных веществ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kodentsova Vera M., Dr Bio Sci (habil.), professor, chief researcher of the Laboratory of vitamins and minerals</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kodentsova@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-8115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рисник</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Risnik</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рисник Дмитрий Владимирович, к. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник кафедры биофизики, биологический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Risnik Dmitry V., PhD Bio Sci, leading researcher at Dept of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biant3@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>16</issue><issue-title>Диетология и нутрициология (1)</issue-title><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коденцова В.М., Рисник Д.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коденцова В.М., Рисник Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kodentsova V.M., Risnik D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2742">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2742</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор литературы, существующей по проблеме, за последние годы осуществляли по базам данных РИНЦ, CyberLeninka, Pubmed, ReserchGate. По структуре β-глюканы представляют собой сложные природные полисахариды, состоящие из мономерных единиц βD-глюкозы, ковалентно связанных гликозидными связями в различных положениях. β-глюканы содержатся в бактериях, морских водорослях, съедобных грибах (плодовые тела и культивируемый мицелий) и зерновых растениях. По источнику происхождения β-глюканы классифицируются на злаковые и незлаковые. β-глюканы зерновых (овес, ячмень, пшеница и рис) обычно имеют 1,3–1,4 гликозидные связи без 1,6-связей или разветвлений, тогда как β-глюканы, происходящие из незерновых (пекарские дрожжи, съедобные грибы, бактерии), имеют линейные (1,3) цепочки с длинными цепями разветвления 1,6. Функциональные свойства β-глюканов определяются длиной остова (степень полимеризации), соотношения связей 1,3:1,4 или связей 1,3:1,6 (степень ветвления), интервала ветвления, размера боковой цепи и молекулярной массы. β-глюканы зерновых по своим свойствам и механизму действия относятся к пищевым волокнам. Действующая доза злаковых β-глюканов, обеспечивающая эффективность при нарушениях метаболических (уровень глюкозы, холестерина) и желудочно-кишечных функций, а также пробиотический эффект, составляет от 3 до 8 г (чаще всего 4,5 г) при продолжительности приема в течение не менее 3 недель. Незлаковые (преимущественно из грибов и дрожжей) β-глюканы имеют структуру связи 1,3 и 1,6 и распознаются некоторыми рецепторами, включая дектин 1, рецептор комплемента 3 (CR 3) и толл-подобные рецепторы (TLRs), и обладают более выраженными иммуномодулирующими функциями. Основные механизмы их действия установлены в экспериментах in vivo или модельных экспериментах на животных. Незлаковые β-глюканы используются как адъюванты при лекарственной терапии в дозах от 20 мг при простуде до 750 мг при онкологических заболеваниях. В соответствии с отечественной законодательной базой, регулирующей использование пищевых ингредиентов при производстве БАД и специализированных пищевых продуктов (СПП), β-глюканы не разделяются по источнику их происхождения. Установленный в настоящее время адекватный уровень потребления этих полисахаридов вне зависимости от источника их получения составляет 200 мг/сут, а верхний допустимый уровень – 1000 мг/сут. Анализ данных литературы свидетельствует о необходимости дифференциации β-глюканов и увеличения разрешенных доз β-глюканов зерновых до уровня, установленного для растворимых пищевых волокон.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A review of the existing literature on the problem in recent years was carried out using the RSCI, CyberLeninka, Pubmed, and ReserchGate databases. Structurally, βglucans are complex natural polysaccharides consisting of monomeric βD-glucose units covalently linked by glycosidic bonds in various positions. βGlucans are found in bacteria, algae, edible fungi (bodies and cultivated mycelium) and cereals. According to the source of origin, βglucans are classified into cereal and non-cereal. Grain-derived βglucans (oats, barley, wheat, and rice) typically have 1,3–1,4 glycosidic linkages with no 1,6-linkages or branches, while non-grain-derived βglucans (baker’s yeast, edible mushrooms, bacteria) have linear (1,3) chains with long branching chains 1,6. The functional properties of βglucans are determined by the length of the backbone (degree of polymerization), the ratio of bonds 1.3:1.4 or bonds 1.3:1.6 (degree of branching), branching interval, side chain size and molecular weight. Grain βglucans are classified as dietary fiber in terms of their properties and mechanism of action. The effective dose of cereal βglucans, which provides efficacy in metabolic disorders (glucose, cholesterol levels) and gastrointestinal functions, as well as a probiotic effect, is from 3 to 8 g (most often 4.5 g) with a duration of intake of at least 3 weeks. Non-cereal (predominantly from fungi and yeast) βglucans have a 1,3 and 1,6 bond structure and are recognized by several receptors including dectin 1, complement receptor 3 (CR 3) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) and have more pronounced immunomodulatory functions. The main mechanisms of their action have been established in vivo experiments or animal models. Non-cereal βglucans are used as adjuvants in drug therapy at doses ranging from 20 mg for the common cold to 750 mg for cancer. In accordance with the domestic legal framework governing the use of food ingredients in the production of dietary supplements and specialized food products, βglucans are not separated by their source of origin. The currently established adequate level of intake of these polysaccharides, regardless of the source of their receipt, is 200 mg/day, and the upper acceptable level is 1000 mg/day. An analysis of literature data indicates the need to differentiate βglucans and increase the permitted doses of cereal βglucans to the level established for soluble dietary fibers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>β-глюканы зерновых</kwd><kwd>β-глюканы незерновые</kwd><kwd>эффективная доза</kwd><kwd>глюкоза</kwd><kwd>триглицериды</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cereal βglucans</kwd><kwd>non-cereal βglucans</kwd><kwd>effective dose</kwd><kwd>glucose</kwd><kwd>triglycerides</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caseiro C., Dias J. N.R., de Andrade Fontes C. M.G., Bule P. 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