medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2022-16-109-114medalphabet-2740Research ArticleМИКРОНУТРИЕНТЫ И МИНЕРНЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА: НОВОЕ И АКТУАЛЬНОЕВитамин А при беременности и кормлении грудью: актуальный взгляд на проблемуVitamin А in pregnancy and breast feeding: a current view on the problemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-3591ОрловаС. В.OrlovaS. V.

Орлова Светлана Владимировна, д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой диетологии и клинической нутрициологии

Москва

Orlova Svetlana V., DM Sci (habil.), professor, head of Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology

Moscow

orlova-sv@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-0333НикитинаЕ. А.NikitinaE. A.

Никитина Елена Александровна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры диетологии и клинической нутрициологии

Москва

Nikitina Elena A., PhD Med, assistant professor of Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology

Moscow

nikitina-ea1@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-1082ВодолазкаяА. Н.VodolazkayaA. N.

Водолазкая Ангелина Николаевна, врач-диетолог

Москва

Vodolazkaya Angelina N., dietitian

Moscow

drvodolazkaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-3414БалашоваН. В.BalashovaN. V.

Балашова Наталья Валерьевна, к. б. н., ассистент доцент кафедры диетологии и клинической нутрициологии

Москва

Balashova Natalya V., PhD Bio Sci, assistant of Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology

Moscow

balashovaN77@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-9459ПрокопенкоЕ. В.ProkopenkoE. V.

Прокопенко Елена Валерьевна, врач-эндокринолог, диетолог, ведущий менеджер проектов медицинского департамента

Москва

Prokopenko Elena V., endocrinologist, dietitian, Project Manager of Medical Department

Moscow

elvprokopenko@gmail.comФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» (РУДН)РоссияРeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Russian FederationАвстрийская клиника микронутриентной терапии BiogenaРоссияAustrian Clinic of micronutrient therapy BiogenaRussian FederationООО «ИНВИТРО»РоссияInvitro Co.Russian Federation202202092022016Диетология и нутрициология (1)109114Copyright © Орлова С.В., Никитина Е.А., Водолазкая А.Н., Балашова Н.В., Прокопенко Е.В., 20222022Орлова С.В., Никитина Е.А., Водолазкая А.Н., Балашова Н.В., Прокопенко Е.В.Orlova S.V., Nikitina E.A., Vodolazkaya A.N., Balashova N.V., Prokopenko E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2740

Для нормального развития беременности требуется достаточное количество витамина А. Ретинол участвует в формировании скелета плода, обеспечивает обновление клеток эпителия кожи и слизистых оболочек, необходим для роста и развития клеток, так что нормализация уровня витамина А в организме способствует снижению риска врожденных дефектов. Недостаточность витамина А на этапе внутриутробного развития создает предпосылки для формирования инсулинорезистентности, нейросенсорной тугоухости, расстройств шизофренического спектра, нарушений структуры и функции почек в постнатальном периоде. Витамин А участвует во многих процессах обмена веществ, обладая анаболическим действием, и его дефицит может приводить к развитию гипотрофии плода. Потребность в витамине A во время беременности и грудного вскармливания увеличивается относительно потребности до беременности. Для обеспечения оптимального функционирования организма и развития ребенка эта дополнительная потребность должна быть покрыта за счет рациона или поступления витамина A в составе адаптированных витаминно-минеральных комплексов. Никакого увеличения риска развития врожденных дефектов, вызванных витамином А, не наблюдается при употреблении данного микроэлемента в дозах ниже 3000 мкг/сут (10000 МЕ/сут). Добавление в послеродовом периоде продуктов, богатых витамином А, или БАД – источников витамина А в рацион матери может улучшить состав грудного молока и запасы витамина А у младенца. Витамин А оказывает влияние на обмен липидов, железа; его обмен, в свою очередь, зависит от обеспеченности белком, цинком и другими веществами. Для усвоения витамина А необходимо присутствие жиров, витамина Е и белков. При недостатке любого из данных компонентов всасывание витамина А сокращается, даже если пища обогащена им.

For the normal development of pregnancy, a sufficient amount of vitamin A is required. Retinol is involved in the formation of the skeleton of the fetus, provides renewal of epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes, is necessary for the growth and development of cells, so that the normalization of vitamin A levels in the body helps reduce the risk of birth defects. Vitamin A deficiency at the stage of intrauterine development creates the prerequisites for the formation of insulin resistance, sensorineural hearing loss, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, disorders of the structure and function of the kidneys in the postnatal period. Vitamin A is involved in many metabolic processes, having an anabolic effect, and its deficiency can lead to the development of fetal malnutrition. No increase in the risk of birth defects caused by vitamin A has been observed at doses below 3,000 mcg/day (10,000 IU/day) of this micronutrient. Postpartum supplementation of vitamin A-rich foods or supplemental sources of vitamin A to the mother’s diet may improve breast milk composition and the infant’s vitamin A stores. Vitamin A affects the metabolism of lipids, iron; its metabolism, in turn, depends on the availability of protein, zinc and other substances. The absorption of vitamin A requires the presence of fats, vitamin E and proteins. With a lack of any of these components, the absorption of vitamin A is reduced, even if the food is enriched with it.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.