medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2022-16-51-59medalphabet-2732Research ArticleДЕТСКАЯ НУТРИЦИОЛОГИЯДефицит массы тела у детей: особенности клинических проявлений и фактического питанияUndernutrition in children: features of clinical manifestations and food intakehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-6643КелейниковаА. В.KeleinikovaA. V.

Келейникова Антонина Вячеславовна, врач-педиатр педиатрической группы консультативного отделения

Москва

Keleinikova Antonina V., pediatrician of the pediatric group at consultative department

Moscow

tosechka_2011@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9557-387XТаранН. Н.TaranN. N.

Таран Наталия Николаевна, к.м.н., с.н.с. отделения педиатрической гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии; ассистент кафедры гастроэнтерологии и диетологии

Москва

Taran Natalia N., PhD Med, senior research fellow at Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Diet Therapy; assistant at Dept of Gastroenterology and Dietetics

Moscow

pknt@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-8472ТитоваО. Н.TitovaO. N.

Титова Ольга Николаевна, аспирант отделения педиатрической гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии

Москва

Titova Olga N., graduate student at Dept of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Diet Therapy

Moscow

titova03@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-0394ДремучеваТ. А.DremuchevaT. A.

Дремучева Татьяна Александровна, врач-педиатр, диетолог педиатрической группы консультативного отделения

Москва

Dremucheva Tatyana A., pediatrician of the pediatric group at consultative department

Moscow

pulya28@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-0873СтроковаТ. В.StrokovaT. V.

Строкова Татьяна Викторовна, д. м. н., проф. РАН, зав. отделением педиатрической гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии; зав. кафедрой гастроэнтерологии и диетологии

Москва

Strokova Tatyana V., DM Sci (habil.), professor, RAS corresponding member, head of the Dept of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Diet Therapy; head of Dept of Gastroenterology and Dietetics

Moscow

strokova_t.v@mail.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи (отделение педиатрической гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии)РоссияFederal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Diet therapy)Russian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи (отделение педиатрической гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и диетотерапии); Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Diet therapy); Russian National Research Medical University n. a. N. I. PirogovRussian Federation202201092022016Диетология и нутрициология (1)5159Copyright © Келейникова А.В., Таран Н.Н., Титова О.Н., Дремучева Т.А., Строкова Т.В., 20222022Келейникова А.В., Таран Н.Н., Титова О.Н., Дремучева Т.А., Строкова Т.В.Keleinikova A.V., Taran N.N., Titova O.N., Dremucheva T.A., Strokova T.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2732

Дефицит массы тела (МТ) у детей – важная проблема здравоохранения в связи с неблагоприятным влиянием на развитие организма и увеличением заболеваемости и смертности в мире.

Цель

Цель: оценить клинические проявления и фактическое питание детей с дефицитом массы тела.

Пациенты и методы

Пациенты и методы. Обследован 431 ребенок с дефицитом массы тела в возрасте от 1 мес до 17 лет 11 мес (медиана 7 [2,5; 13] лет): мальчиков – 238 (55,2 %), девочек – 193 (44,8 %). Всем детям проведена оценка антропометрических показателей с использованием значений Z-Score в соответствии с критериями ВОЗ (программы WHO Anthro и Anthro Plus). У детей с генетическими синдромами использовались специализированные центильные таблицы с последующей конвертацией полученных показателей в сигмальные отклонения Z-Score. Дефицит массы тела регистрировался у детей при Z-Score индекса массы тела (ИМТ) к возрасту < –1, задержка роста диагностировалась при Z-Score роста к возрасту < –2. Оценка фактического питания в домашних условиях методом записи и учета взвешенной пищи проведена 199 детям.

Результаты

Результаты. Дефицит массы тела легкой степени диагностирован у 175 (40,6 %) детей, средней степени – у 127 (29,5 %), тяжелой степени – у 129 (29,9 %) детей. Дефицит массы тела тяжелой степени (43,2 и 38,9 %) наиболее часто регистрировался в возрастных группах 11–14 лет и 15–17 лет. Задержка роста отмечалась у 116 (26,9 %) пациентов. Дебют недостаточности питания почти в ¾ случаев наблюдался в возрасте до 1 года. Анализ фактического питания выявил, что у 153 (76,9 %) пациентов был гипокалорийный рацион, у 32 (16,1 %) – нормокалорийный, у 14 (7 %) пациентов – гиперкалорийный. При оценке макронутриентного состава рациона у детей с дефицитом массы тела недостаточное потребление белкового, жирового и углеводного компонентов зарегистрировано в 38,7, 72,4, 78,4 % случаев соответственно.

Заключение

Заключение. У большинства детей зафиксирован дефицит массы тела легкой степени. Тяжелый дефицит массы тела достоверно чаще выявлялся у пациентов старших возрастных групп. Детям с недостаточностью питания необходима своевременная коррекция рациона и раннее назначение нутритивной поддержки в связи со снижением энергетической ценности рациона в 76,9 % наблюдений и дисбалансом по макронутриентам.

Undernutrition in children is an important problem of health care due to negative impact on the development of an organism and increase of global morbidity and mortality..

Objective

Objective. To assess the clinical manifestations and food intake of children with undernutrition.

Patients and methods

Patients and methods. Four hundred and thirty-one children with undernutrition aged 1 month to 17 years and 11 months (the median of age is 7 [2.5; 13] years), boys – 238 (55.2 %), girls – 193 (44.8 %), were examined. All children underwent anthropometry using Z-Score values by WHO criteria (WHO Anthro and Anthro plus programs). Specialized centile tables were used with subsequent conversion of the obtained indicators into sigma deviations Z-Score in children with genetic syndromes. Undernutrition was registered in children with body mass index (BMI) by age Z-Score ≤ –1, the stunting was diagnosed with growth by age Z-Score ≤-2. Assessment of food intake at home was underwent in 199 children by recording and accounting for weighted food.

Results

Results. Mild undernutrition was diagnosed in 175 (40.6 %) children, moderate – in 127 (29.5 %), severe – in 129 (29.9 %) children. Severe undernutrition (43.2 % and 38.9 %) was most often registered in the age groups of 11–14 years and 15–17 years. The stunting was observed in 116 (26.9 %) children. The onset of malnutrition was revealed in three-quarters of children before the age of 1 year. The analysis of food intake revealed hypocaloric diet in 153 (76.9 %) patients, normocaloric diet in 32 (16.1 %) and hypercaloric diet in 14 (7 %) patients. Deficiency of protein, fat and carbohydrate intake was registered in 38.7, 72.4, 78.4 % cases, respectively, by assessment of macronutrient composition of the diet in children with undernutrition.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Most children had mild undernutrition. Severe undernutrition was revealed significantly more often in patients of older age groups. Сhildren with undernutrition need early correction of the diet and appointment of nutritional support due to decrease in the energy intake in 76.9 % of children and the imbalance in macronutrients

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.