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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2022-10-40-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-2651</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Отолитовое» головокружение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>‘Otolithic’ dizziness</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0193-2243</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замерград</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamergrad</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Замерград Максим Валерьевич, д.м.н., проф. кафедры неврологии с курсом рефлексологии и мануальной терапии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zamergrad Maxim V., DM Sci (habil.), professor at Dept of Neurology with a course of reﬂexology and manual therapy, Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-2699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масуева</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masueva</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масуева Седа Салаховна, аспирант кафедры неврологии с курсом рефлексологии и мануальной терапии, ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; врач-невролог, ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени И. В. Давыдовского Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Masueva Seda S., postgraduate student of Dept of Neurology with a course of reﬂexology and manual therapy, Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education; neurologist, City Clinical Hospital n.a. I. V. Davydovsky</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masuevas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-4229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусева</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseva</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусева Александра Леонидовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры оториноларингологии лечебного факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guseva Aleksandra L., PhD Med, associate professor at Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-4068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грачев Сергей Петрович, д.м.н., проф. кафедры кардиологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grachev Sergey P., DM Sci (habil.), professor at Dept of Cardiology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кафедра неврологии с курсом рефлексологии и мануальной терапии ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени И. В. Давыдовского Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education; City Clinical Hospital n.a. I. V. Davydovsky<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница имени И. В. Давыдовского Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»; Кафедра кардиологии ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А. И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital n.a. I. V. Davydovsky; A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title>Неврология и психиатрия (2)</issue-title><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Замерград М.В., Масуева С.С., Гусева А.Л., Грачев С.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Замерград М.В., Масуева С.С., Гусева А.Л., Грачев С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zamergrad M.V., Masueva S.S., Guseva A.L., Grachev S.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2651">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2651</self-uri><abstract><p>Периферический отдел вестибулярной системы состоит из двух частей: полукружных каналов и преддверия лабиринта. Вестибулярные расстройства в большинстве случаев ассоциируются с развитием головокружения – ощущения мнимого вращения или движения окружающих предметов или самого большого в пространстве, или осциллопсии при движении. Однако вестибулярное головокружение обусловлено повреждением лишь части вестибулярной системы – ампулярных рецепторов полукружных каналов и их связей с вестибулярными ядрами ствола мозга и другими отделами центральной нервной системы. Повреждение отолитовой системы, расположенной в преддверии лабиринта, намного менее изучено, проявления его малоизвестны, а последствия едва ли предсказуемы. Развитие в последние годы инструментальных методов исследования привело к появлению возможностей избирательного анализа состояния различных компонентов вестибулярной системы, в том числе отолитовых рецепторов. В результате оказалось, что отолитовые расстройства нередко встречаются при самых распространенных заболеваниях вестибулярной системы, таких как болезнь Меньера, доброкачественное пароксизмальное позиционное головокружение и вестибулярный нейронит. Вклад отолитовых нарушений в клиническую картину этих заболеваний, а также их влияние на прогноз нуждаются в дальнейших исследованиях. Кроме того, отолитовые расстройства могут возникать и изолированно, вне клинической картины известных вестибулярных заболеваний, приводя к неспецифическим ощущениям неустойчивости, покачивания или проваливания, но без классического вестибулярного головокружения. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы развития изолированных отолитовых расстройств, а также возможные диагностические критерии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Labyrinth of the inner ear consists of two parts: semicircular canals and vestibulum. Vestibular disorders predominantly associated with vertigo – the feeling of moving of the surrounding objects and oscillopsia. However, vertigo is a result of the damage of ampullar receptors in semicircular canals and their connections with vestibular nuclei in brainstem. At the same time the dysfunction of otoliths system is much more mysterious and unpredictable. Elaboration of new methods of objective assessment of vestibular system provides a wonderful opportunity of the analysis of different components of the peripheral vestibular system including saccular and utricular parts. As a result of such analysis, it was demonstrated that otolithic dysfunction is a common consequence of the most frequent vestibular disorders like Meniere’s disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular neuritis. It is not clear yet what is the clinical presentation of otolithic dysfunction and how otolithic dysfunction inﬂuence the prognosis of common vestibular disorders. It is unknown whether isolated otolithic dysfunction exists, for example in patients with unspeciﬁc disequilibrium or dizziness.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отолитовые расстройства</kwd><kwd>эллиптический мешочек</kwd><kwd>сферический мешочек</kwd><kwd>головокружение</kwd><kwd>исследование отолитовой функции</kwd><kwd>субъективная зрительная вертикаль</kwd><kwd>вестибулярные вызванные миогенные потенциалы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>otolithic dysfunction</kwd><kwd>utriculus</kwd><kwd>sacculus</kwd><kwd>vertigo</kwd><kwd>dizziness</kwd><kwd>subjective visual vertical</kwd><kwd>vestibular evoked myogenic potentials</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Топический диагноз в неврологии по Петеру Дуусу. Под ред. Бера М., Фротшера М. Перевод с англ. под ред. Левина О.С. 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