medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2022-1-47-53medalphabet-2484Research ArticleСтатьиОфтальмологические маркеры болезни АльцгеймераOphthalmological markers of Alzheimer's diseasehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-8795ЛобзинВ. Ю.LobzinV. Yu.

Лобзин Владимир Юрьевич, д. м. н., проф., проф. кафедры неврологии имени акад. С. Н. Давиденкова, с. н. с. отдела нейроинфекций и органической патологии нервной системы, проф. кафедры нервных болезней

Санкт-Петербург

Lobzin Vladimir Yu., DM Sci (habil.), professor, professor at Dept of Neurology n. a. acad. S. N. Davidenkov, senior researcher at Dept of Neuroinfections and Organic Pathology of Nervous System, professor at Dept of Nervous Diseases

Saint Petersburg

vladimirlobzin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3982МальцевД. С.MaltsevD. S.

Мальцев Дмитрий Сергеевич, д. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедрыофтальмологии, зав. лазерным отделением клиники офтальмологии

Санкт-Петербург

Maltsev Dmitrii S., DM Sci (habil.), assistant professor, assistant professor at Ophthalmology Dept, head of Laser Dept of Ophthalmology Clinic

Saint Petersburg

glaz.med@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-1223СтрументоваЕ. С.StrumentovaE. S.

Струментова Елена Сергеевна, врач-невролог клиники, аспирант кафедры неврологии имени акад. С. Н. Давиденкова

Санкт-Петербург

 

Strumentova Elena S., neurologist, 1st year postgraduate student of Dept of Neurology n. a. acad. S. N. Davidenkov

Saint Petersburg

lenavmeda@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-2223БурнашеваМ. А.BurnashevaM. A.

Бурнашева Мария Андреевна, врач-офтальмолог клиники офтальмологии

Санкт-Петербург

Burnasheva Maria A., ophthalmologist of Ophthalmology Dept

Saint Petersburg

maria.andreevna1@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-5257ЧеремисинС. С.CheremisinS. S.

Черемисин Сергей Сергеевич, ординатор-невролог кафедры неврологии имени акад. С. Н. Давиденкова

Санкт-Петербург

Cheremisin Sergey S., 1st year resident of Dept of Neurology n. a. acad. S. N. Davidenkov

Saint Petersburg

cheremisin_sergey@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней» ФМБА России; ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова» Минобороны РоссииРоссияNorth-Western State Medical University n. a. I. I. Mechnikov; Children's Research and Clinical Centre for Infectious Diseases; Military Medical Academy n. a. S. M. KirovRussian FederationФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова» Минобороны РоссииРоссияMilitary Medical Academy n. a. S. M. KirovRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияNorth-Western State Medical University n. a. I. I. MechnikovRussian Federation20220303202201Неврология и психиатрия (1)4753Copyright © Лобзин В.Ю., Мальцев Д.С., Струментова Е.С., Бурнашева М.А., Черемисин С.С., 20222022Лобзин В.Ю., Мальцев Д.С., Струментова Е.С., Бурнашева М.А., Черемисин С.С.Lobzin V.Y., Maltsev D.S., Strumentova E.S., Burnasheva M.A., Cheremisin S.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2484

Болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) является наиболее распространенным нейродегенеративным заболеванием, вызывающим деменцию. Специфичность симптомов определяет диагноз БА, хотя точная его постановка возможна только посмертно. Нейропсихологическое тестирование является стандартом клинической диагностики БА, но требует больших затрат времени, не позволяет с полной точностью поставить диагноз, имеет высокую зависимость от правильности проведения тестов и, скорее, является дополнением к обследованию пациента. Выполнение люмбальной пункции и позитронно-эмиссионной томографии труднодоступно для рутинной оценки населения. Поскольку глаз является продолжением центральной нервной системы, изучение его изменений может привести к разработке ряда неинвазивных дифференциальных диагностических тестов для выявления пациентов с БА на ранних стадиях. В последние годы появление поддающихся количественной оценке методов визуализации с высоким разрешением, которые являются неинвазивными, быстрыми и широкодоступными, открыло новую область окулярно-нейронной визуализации. В данной статье мы проводим обзор современных зарубежных и отечественных исследований некоторых глазных биомаркеров и методов их исследования, которые потенциально могут быть использованы в ранней диагностике болезни Альцгеймера.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease-causing dementia. The severity of symptoms determines the diagnosis of AD, although an accurate diagnosis can only be made postmortem. Neuropsychological testing is the «gold standard» for early diagnosis of AD, but is time-consuming, does not allow a complete diagnosis with complete accuracy, is highly dependent on the correctness of the tests, and is rather an adjunct to the examination of the patient. Lumbar puncture and positron emission tomography are not available for routine screening of the population. Because the eye is an extension of the central nervous system, the study of its changes may lead to the development of a number of non-invasive differential diagnostic tests to identify patients with AD at an early stage. In recent years, the advent of quantifiable high-resolution imaging techniques that are non-invasive, rapid, and widely available has opened up a new field of ocular-neural imaging. In this paper, we review current foreign and domestic studies of some ocular biomarkers and the methods that could potentially be used in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.