medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2021-36-52-57medalphabet-2396Research ArticleНЕВРОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХИАТРИЯNEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRYСаркопения при нейродегенеративных заболеванияхSarcopenia in neurodegenerative disordershttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-2445КоротышМ. А.KorotyshM. A.

Коротыш Мария Анатольевна, врач-невролог, нейропсихолог

Нижний Новгород

Korotysh Maria A., neurologist, neuropsychologist

Nizhny Novgorod

korotysh.ma@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-4883СветозарскийС. Н.SvetozarskiyS. N.

Светозарский Сергей Николаевич, к. м. н., врач-офтальмолог офтальмологического отделения

Нижний Новгород

Svetozarskiy Sergey N., PhD Med, ophthalmologist of Ophthalmological Dept

Nizhny Novgorod

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-7724КопишинскаяС. В.KopishinskaiaS. V.

Копишинская Светлана Васильевна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры неврологии,нейрохирургии и нейрореабилитации

Киров

Kopishinskaya Svetlana V., PhD Med, associate professor at Dept of Neurology,Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation

Kirov

ООО «Медико-генетический центр „Геном“»РоссияMedical and Genetic Centre ‘Genom’Russian FederationФБУЗ «Приволжский окружной медицинский центр» ФМБА РоссииРоссияVolga District Medical CentreRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Кировский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияKirov State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202126122021036Неврология и психиатрия (4)5257Copyright © Коротыш М.А., Светозарский С.Н., Копишинская С.В., 20212021Коротыш М.А., Светозарский С.Н., Копишинская С.В.Korotysh M.A., Svetozarskiy S.N., Kopishinskaia S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2396

Саркопения – это прогрессирующее генерализованное заболевание мышечной ткани, ассоциированное с повышенным риском падений, переломов, ограничением физических возможностей и смертностью. Критерии саркопении основаны на оценке триады симптомов – снижении мышечной массы, силы мышц и нарушении физического состояния. Наиболее распространенными методами диагностики заболевания являются динамометрия сжатия кисти, денситометрия, биоимпедансометрия, измерение скорости ходьбы. Данные методики имеют высокую точность и прогностическую ценность, однако не всегда применимы к пациентам с неврологическими нарушениями. В статье обсуждаются особенности выявления саркопении в неврологической практике, а также ее связь с нейродегенеративными заболеваниями – болезнью Альцгеймера, болезнью Паркинсона, боковым амиотрофическим склерозом. Имея ряд общих патофизиологических механизмов, каждое из заболеваний характеризуется специфическим фенотипом мышечной атрофии. Высокая встречаемость симптомов саркопении при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях и общность механизмов их развития позволяет говорить о саркопении как о перекрестном или оверлап-синдроме нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

Sarcopenia is a progressive generalized muscle disorder, associated with an increased risk of falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. Sarcopenia criteria are based on an assessment of a triad of symptoms – a decrease in muscle mass, muscle strength, and impaired physical performance. The most common diagnostic methods are handgrip dynamometry, densitometry, bioimpedansometry, and gait speed measurement. These methods have high accuracy and prognostic value, but are not always applicable to neurological patients. The article discusses sarcopenia detection in neurological practice, as well as its connection with neurodegenerative disorders – Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Having a number of common pathophysiological mechanisms, each of the diseases is characterized by a specific phenotype of muscle atrophy. The high incidence of sarcopenia symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases and the common mechanisms of their development allow us to treat sarcopenia as an overlap syndrome of neurodegenerative disorders.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.