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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2021-32-35-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-2346</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Значение грамрезистентной флоры в этиологии нозокомиальных инфекций для определения рациональной антибактериальной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Significance of gram-resistant flora in etiology of nosocomial infections in determining rational antibiotic therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-2255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермилин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermilin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермилин Алексей Евгеньевич, ассистент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ermilin Aleksey E., assistant</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elixin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-0945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Теплова Наталья Вадимовна, д. м. н., проф., доцент, зав. кафедрой</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teplova Natalya V., DM Sci (habil.), professor, associate professor, head of Dept.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">teplova.nv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-6959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Постников</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Postnikov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Постников Сергей Сергеевич, д. м. н., проф</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postnikov Sergei S., DM Sci (habil.), professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elixin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-1539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костылева</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyleva</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костылева Мария Николаевна, к. м. н., доцент, зав. отделением клинической фармакологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kostyleva Maria N., PhD Med, associate professor, head of Dept of Clinical Pharmacology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostyleva_m_n@rdkb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грацианская</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gratzhianskaya</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грацианская Анна Николаевна, к. м. н., доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gratzianskaya Anna N., PhD Med, associate professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annagrats@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татаринов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatarinov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татаринов Петр Анатольевич, к. м. н., проф., зав. отделением платных услуг</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatarinov Petr A., PhD Med, professor, head of Dept of Paid Services</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра клинической фармакологии лечебного факультета ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра клинической фармакологии лечебного факультета ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Российская детская клиническая больница имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Russian Children's Clinical Hospital n. a. N. I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра клинической фармакологии лечебного факультета ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям имени В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Scientific and Practical Centre for Specialized Medical Care for Children n. a. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>32</issue><issue-title>Эпидемиология, гигиена, инфекционные болезни (2)</issue-title><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермилин А.Е., Теплова Н.В., Постников С.С., Костылева М.Н., Грацианская А.Н., Татаринов П.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермилин А.Е., Теплова Н.В., Постников С.С., Костылева М.Н., Грацианская А.Н., Татаринов П.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermilin A.E., Teplova N.V., Postnikov S.S., Kostyleva M.N., Gratzhianskaya A.N., Tatarinov P.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2346">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2346</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы набирает актуальность проблема устойчивости грамотрицательных микроорганизмов к карбапенемам, а также появление полирезистентных штаммов. Эта проблема приобретает особое значение в неонатальной практике ввиду наличия возрастных ограничений применения многих АБ и отсутствия специальных рекомендаций. При выборе стартового АБ следует учитывать данные локального бактериологического мониторинга, а для этого необходимо внедрять методы быстрой идентификации возбудителя и механизмов его устойчивости. Для успешного лечения MDR грам-инфекций педиатры нуждаются в контролируемых исследованиях новых АБ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, the problem of resistance of gram-negative microorganisms to carbapenems, as well as the emergence of multiresistant strains is gaining urgency. This problem is of particular importance in neonatal practice due to the age limitations of the use of many antibiotics and the lack of specific recommendations. Local bacteriological monitoring data should be taken into account when selecting a starting antibiotic, and for this purpose, methods of rapid identification of the pathogen and its resistance mechanisms should be introduced. Pediatricians need controlled trials of new antibiotics to successfully treat MDR-Gram-infections.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>бактериальная флора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>bacterial flora</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Страчунский Л. С. Антимикробная резистентность как угроза национальной безопасности. Избранные лекции. XII Российский национальный конгресс «Человек и лекарство», Москва, 2005. 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