medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2021-24-27-33medalphabet-2199Research ArticleСтатьиБиологические аспекты костной пластики в полости ртаBiological notes of bone grafting in oral surgeryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-3784ПолупанП. В.PolupanP. V.

П. В. Полупан, к.м.н., доцент кафедры челюстно-лицевой хирургии и госпитальной хирургической стоматологии, врач-стоматолог высшей категории, заведующий отделением хирургической стоматологии

SPIN: 6489-6449

Москва

Polupan Pavel, DMD, OMFS, PhD, Ass. Prof Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Oral Surgery Dept1, Head of Oral Surgery Dept

SPIN: 6489-6449

Мoscow

p_polupan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-741XСипкинА. М.SipkinA. M.

А. М. Сипкин, д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. кафедрой челюстно-лицевой хирургии и госпитальной хирургической стоматологии, руководитель отделения челюстно-лицевой хирургии

SPIN: 3603-1248

Москва

Sipkin Alexander M., DMD, OMFS, GPhD, Lead Researcher, Head of Maxillo-Facial Surgery Dept

SPIN: 3603-1248

Мoscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-2297БондаренкоЕ. В.BondarenkoE. V.

Е. В. Бондаренко, к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения морфологической диагностики отдела онкологии, врач-патологоанатом

SPIN: 3564-7654

Москва

Bondarenko Ekaterina V., MD, PhD, Researcher, Morphological Diagnostics of Oncology Dept1, Pathologist

SPIN: 3564-7654

Мoscow

ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»; ГАУЗ МО «Московская областная стоматологическая поликлиника»РоссияMoscow Region Research Clinical Institute (MONIKI) n.a. M.F.Vladimirsk; Moscow Region Dental ClinicRussian FederationГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»РоссияMoscow Region Research Clinical Institute (MONIKI) n.a. M.F.VladimirskRussian FederationГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияMoscow Region Research Clinical Institute (MONIKI) n.a. M.F.Vladimirsk; National Medical Research Center of EndocrinologyRussian Federation202125092021024Стоматология (3)2733Copyright © Полупан П.В., Сипкин А.М., Бондаренко Е.В., 20212021Полупан П.В., Сипкин А.М., Бондаренко Е.В.Polupan P.V., Sipkin A.M., Bondarenko E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2199

В статье приводятся результаты анализа исходов костнопластических операций при реабилитации пациентов с применением дентальных имплантатов, рассматриваются некоторые прикладные аспекты таких операций и биологические факторы, влияющие на успех. Также описываются различные типы дна верхнечелюстной пазухи, методика «микро-окна» при проведении открытого синус-лифтинга и техники локального костного моделирования. Проблема недостаточности костного объема затрудняет реабилитацию пациентов с отсутствием зубов при помощи метода дентальной имплантации. Цель данного исследования состоит в изучении результатов применения различных методик костной пластики у пациентов и атрофией или дефектом альвеолярного отростка/части челюсти при подготовке к дентальной имплантации, а также анализ биологических факторов успеха этих оперативных вмешательств.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Проведено 134 костнопластические операции – 23 мужчинам и 73 женщинам. Пациенты были разделены на 4 группы в соответствии с проводимыми операциями костной пластики: направленная костная регенерация (НКР); трансплантация костного блока (ТКБ); микро-окно и открытый синус-лифтинг (мОСЛ); локальное костное моделирование (ЛКМ).

Результаты

Результаты. Операции НКР и ТКБ совокупно показали неприемлемый результат в 72,36% случаев, в то время как у операций ОСЛ и ЛКМ неудачные исходы составили 7,7%. Лучшие результаты в исследуемых группах показали операции мОСЛ (успех в 97,5%) и ЛКМ (87,1%).

Заключение

Заключение. Исследование демонстрирует клиническую важность и эффективность различных методов костной пластики. НКР и ТКБ менее предсказуемы в успехе в отличие от операций ОСЛ и методик ЛКМ, которые мы рекомендуем к применению. Однако факторы, определяющие успех различных костнопластических вмешательств, требуют дальнейшего изучения.

Introduction

Introduction: the article presents the results of the outcomes analysis of bone grafting for dental implants, review some technical and biological factors that caused the success in this oral surgery. Also describes the different types of the maxillary sinus floor, «micro-window» technique for sinus-lifting and local bone modifying. This current aims to evaluate clinical outcomes after various bone grafting techniques for dental implan-tation, as well as to analyze the biological success factors of these surgery.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods: 134 bone grafting surgeries were performed - 23 men and 73 women. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the methods: Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR); Bone Block (BB) transplantation; micro-window Sinus-lifting (mwSL); Local Bone Modifying (LBM).Results: The operations of the GBR and BB together showed an unsuccessful result in 72.36% of cases, while the bad outcomes of the mwSL and LBM operations were 7.7%. The better results were in groups with mwSL (success in 97.5%) and LBM surgery (87.1%).

Conclusion

Conclusion: This demonstrates the clinical importance and effectiveness of various bone grafting methods. GBR and BB are less predictable in success, in contrast to mwSL and LBM, which we recommend. However, the factors affect the success of this surgery require further study.

дентальный имплантататрофия альвеолярного отростка/частикостная пластикасинус-лифтингмикро-окнолокальное костное моделированиеdental implantalveolar ridge atrophybone graftingsinus-liftingmicro-windowlocal bone modifyingReferencesSadykov M.I. Optimizaciya ortopedicheskogo lecheniya bolnyh s polnym otsut-stviem zubov. // Institut stomatologii. 2006. T. 31. No 2. S.44.Sadykov M.I. Optimizaciya ortopedicheskogo lecheniya bolnyh s polnym otsut-stviem zubov. // Institut stomatologii. 2006. T. 31. No 2. S.44.Losev V.F. Kostnaya plastika alveolyarnogo otrostka verhnej chelyusti s ispolzo-vaniem napravlennoj tkanevoj regeneracii i operacii podnyatiya dna gajmorovoj pazuxi. // Stomatologiya. 2009. No 1. S. 54–59.Losev V.F. Kostnaya plastika alveolyarnogo otrostka verhnej chelyusti s ispolzo-vaniem napravlennoj tkanevoj regeneracii i operacii podnyatiya dna gajmorovoj pazuxi. // Stomatologiya. 2009. No 1. S. 54–59.Zhelezny S.P. Ortopedicheskaya reabilitaciya bolnyh posle osteoplasticheskih operacij na chelyustyah: avtoref. diss. ... d.m.n. – M., 2011. 38 s.Zhelezny S.P. Ortopedicheskaya reabilitaciya bolnyh posle osteoplasticheskih operacij na chelyustyah: avtoref. diss. ... d.m.n. – M., 2011. 38 s.Petrovskaya V.V. Luchevaya diagnostika vrozhdennyh rasschelin guby, neba i alveolyarnogo otrostka do i posle kostnoj autoplastiki: dis. ... d.m.n.: 14.01.13 / Petrovskaya Viktoriya Vasilevna. M.: MGMSU, 2017. – 298 s.Petrovskaya V.V. Luchevaya diagnostika vrozhdennyh rasschelin guby, neba i alveolyarnogo otrostka do i posle kostnoj autoplastiki: dis. ... d.m.n.: 14.01.13 / Petrovskaya Viktoriya Vasilevna. M.: MGMSU, 2017. – 298 s.Tallgren A. The continuing reduction of the residual alveolar ridges in complete denture wearers: a mixed-longitudinal study covering 25 years. Journal of Pros-thetic Dentistry, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 427–435, 2003.Tallgren A. The continuing reduction of the residual alveolar ridges in complete denture wearers: a mixed-longitudinal study covering 25 years. Journal of Pros-thetic Dentistry, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 427–435, 2003.Schropp L., Wenzel A., Kostopoulos L., Karring T. Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction: a clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 313–323, 2003.Schropp L., Wenzel A., Kostopoulos L., Karring T. Bone healing and soft tissue contour changes following single-tooth extraction: a clinical and radiographic 12-month prospective study. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 313–323, 2003.Clementini M., Morlupi A., Canullo L., Agrestini C., Barlattani A. Success rate of dental implants inserted in horizontal and vertical guided bone regenerated areas: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxiliofac Surg, 2012; 41 (7): 847–852.Clementini M., Morlupi A., Canullo L., Agrestini C., Barlattani A. Success rate of dental implants inserted in horizontal and vertical guided bone regenerated areas: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxiliofac Surg, 2012; 41 (7): 847–852.Korsch M., Walther W., Robra BP., Sahin A., Hannig M., Bartols A. Pre-implanto-logical treatment routines for alveolar ridge atrophy - an investigation among maxillofacial and oral surgeons in southern Germany. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Jul 8;20(1):195. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01179-3.Korsch M., Walther W., Robra BP., Sahin A., Hannig M., Bartols A. Pre-implanto-logical treatment routines for alveolar ridge atrophy - an investigation among maxillofacial and oral surgeons in southern Germany. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Jul 8;20(1):195. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01179-3.M.A. Hirurgicheskaya taktika pri ispolzovanii metoda dentalnoj im-plantacii u pacientov s defektami zubnyh ryadov i znachitelnoj atrofiej chelyustej: avtoref. diss. ... doktora med. nauk. – M., 2005. – 48 s.Amhadova M.A. Hirurgicheskaya taktika pri ispolzovanii metoda dentalnoj im-plantacii u pacientov s defektami zubnyh ryadov i znachitelnoj atrofiej chelyustej: avtoref. diss. ... doktora med. nauk. – M., 2005. – 48 s.Smbatyan B.S. Vosstanovlenie kostnoj tkani pri lechenii pacientov s ispolzovaniem dentalnyh implantatov v razlichnyh klinicheskih situaciyah: diss. ... d.m.n. – M., 2012. 174 s.Smbatyan B.S. Vosstanovlenie kostnoj tkani pri lechenii pacientov s ispolzovaniem dentalnyh implantatov v razlichnyh klinicheskih situaciyah: diss. ... d.m.n. – M., 2012. 174 s.Bedretdinov R.M. Kliniko-morfologicheskaya ocenka razlichnyh kostnoplas-ticheskih operacij pered dentalnoj implantaciej (experimentalno-klinicheskoe issledovanie): avtoref. dis. ... k.m.n. – M., 2016. 26 s.Bedretdinov R.M. Kliniko-morfologicheskaya ocenka razlichnyh kostnoplas-ticheskih operacij pered dentalnoj implantaciej (experimentalno-klinicheskoe issledovanie): avtoref. dis. ... k.m.n. – M., 2016. 26 s.Эйзенбраун О.В. Применение туннельной техники костной пластики у па-циентов с атрофией костной ткани челюстей: дис. ... к.м.н. – М., 2018. 257 с. Ejzenbraun O.V. Primenenie tunnelnoj texniki kostnoj plastiki u pacientov s atrofiej kostnoj tkani chelyustej: dis. ... k.m.n. – M., 2018. – 257 s.Ejzenbraun O.V. Primenenie tunnelnoj texniki kostnoj plastiki u pacientov s atrofiej kostnoj tkani chelyustej: dis. ... k.m.n. – M., 2018. – 257 s.Branemark PI., Adell R., Breine U., Hansson BO., Lindstrom J., Ohlsson A. Intra-os-seous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. // Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 1969; 3 (2): 81–100.Branemark PI., Adell R., Breine U., Hansson BO., Lindstrom J., Ohlsson A. Intra-os-seous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. // Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 1969; 3 (2): 81–100.Tarnow DP., Eskow RN., Zamzok J. Aesthtics and implant dentistry. Periodontol 2000 1996;11:85–94.Tarnow DP., Eskow RN., Zamzok J. Aesthtics and implant dentistry. Periodontol 2000 1996;11:85–94.Alfaro FH. Bone grafting in Oral Implantology. Techniques and Clinical Applica-tions / F. H. Alfaro. – Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd. 2006. 235 p.Alfaro FH. Bone grafting in Oral Implantology. Techniques and Clinical Applica-tions / F. H. Alfaro. – Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd. 2006. 235 p.Khoury F., Antoun H., Missika P. Bone augmentation in oral implantology. // Grafton Road, New Maldon, UK: Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, 2007. P. 436.Khoury F., Antoun H., Missika P. Bone augmentation in oral implantology. // Grafton Road, New Maldon, UK: Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd, 2007. P. 436.Urban IA., Jovanovic S., Lozada JL. Vertical ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration (GBR) in three clinical scenarios prior to implant placement: a retrospective study of 35 patients 12 to 72 month after loading. // Int. J.Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2009; 24: 502–510.Urban IA., Jovanovic S., Lozada JL. Vertical ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration (GBR) in three clinical scenarios prior to implant placement: a retrospective study of 35 patients 12 to 72 month after loading. // Int. J.Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2009; 24: 502–510.López-Cedrun JL. Implant rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous posterior mandible: the sandwich osteotomy revisited. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 201126(1): 195–202.López-Cedrun JL. Implant rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous posterior mandible: the sandwich osteotomy revisited. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 201126(1): 195–202.Urban IA, Montero E, Monje A, Sanz-Sánchez I. Effectiveness of vertical ridge augmentation interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2019;46(21):319–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13061Urban IA, Montero E, Monje A, Sanz-Sánchez I. Effectiveness of vertical ridge augmentation interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2019;46(21):319–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13061Masahiro Y, Hiroshi E. Current bone substitutes for implant dentistry. Journal of Prosthodontic Research. 2018;62(2):152–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2017.08.010Masahiro Y, Hiroshi E. Current bone substitutes for implant dentistry. Journal of Prosthodontic Research. 2018;62(2):152–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2017.08.010Belchenko V.A. Cherepno-licevaya hirurgiya: rukovodstvo dlya vrachej // M.: Medicinskoe informacionnoe agentstvo, 2006. 340 s.Belchenko V.A. Cherepno-licevaya hirurgiya: rukovodstvo dlya vrachej // M.: Medicinskoe informacionnoe agentstvo, 2006. 340 s.Nerobeev A.I., Verbo E.V. Rekonstrukciya litza revaskulyarizovannymi autotrans-plantatami // Medicina. – 2008. – 208 s.Nerobeev A.I., Verbo E.V. Rekonstrukciya litza revaskulyarizovannymi autotrans-plantatami // Medicina. – 2008. – 208 s.Lomakin M.V., Filatova A.S., Soloshhanskij I.I. Napravlennaya kostnaya regen-eraciya pri rekonstrukcii alveolyarnogo kostnogo obema v oblasti dentalnoj implantacii // Rossijskaya stomatologiya. 2011. 4 (5). S. 15–18.Lomakin M.V., Filatova A.S., Soloshhanskij I.I. Napravlennaya kostnaya regen-eraciya pri rekonstrukcii alveolyarnogo kostnogo obema v oblasti dentalnoj implantacii // Rossijskaya stomatologiya. 2011. 4 (5). S. 15–18.Chenosova A.D. Primenenie nestabilizirovannoj gialuronovoj kisloty u pacientov s atrofiej alveolyarnogo otrostka verhnej chelyusti, alveolyarnoj chasti nizhnej chelyusti: avtoref. diss. ... k.m.n. // M., 2020. 21 s.Chenosova A.D. Primenenie nestabilizirovannoj gialuronovoj kisloty u pacientov s atrofiej alveolyarnogo otrostka verhnej chelyusti, alveolyarnoj chasti nizhnej chelyusti: avtoref. diss. ... k.m.n. // M., 2020. 21 s.Blomqvist JE., Alberius P., Isaksson S., Linde A., Hansson BG. Factors in implant integration failure after bone grafting: an osteometric and endocrinologic matched analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996 Feb;25(1):63–8. doi: 10.1016/s0901-5027(96)80015-4.Blomqvist JE., Alberius P., Isaksson S., Linde A., Hansson BG. Factors in implant integration failure after bone grafting: an osteometric and endocrinologic matched analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996 Feb;25(1):63–8. doi: 10.1016/s0901-5027(96)80015-4.Tinti C., Parma-Benfenati S. Clinical classification of bone defects concerning the placement of dental implants. Int J Periodont Rest 2003;23:147–155.Tinti C., Parma-Benfenati S. Clinical classification of bone defects concerning the placement of dental implants. Int J Periodont Rest 2003;23:147–155.Schwartz-Arad D., Levin L., Sigal L. Surgical success of intraoral autogenous block onlay bone grafting for alveolar ridge augmentation. Implant Dent. 2005 Jun; 14(2):131–8. doi: 10.1097/01.id.0000165031.33190.0d.Schwartz-Arad D., Levin L., Sigal L. Surgical success of intraoral autogenous block onlay bone grafting for alveolar ridge augmentation. Implant Dent. 2005 Jun; 14(2):131–8. doi: 10.1097/01.id.0000165031.33190.0d.Li J., Wang HL. Common implant-related advanced bone grafting complications: classification, etiology, and management. Implant Dent. 2008 Dec; 17(4):389–401.Li J., Wang HL. Common implant-related advanced bone grafting complications: classification, etiology, and management. Implant Dent. 2008 Dec; 17(4):389–401.Herford AS., Dean JS. Complications in bone grafting. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2011 Aug; 23(3):433–42.Herford AS., Dean JS. Complications in bone grafting. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2011 Aug; 23(3):433–42.Badalyan V.A., Shor E.I., Elfimova N.V., Apoyan A.A., Bagirov T.M. Opyt primeneni-ya nemedlennoj dentoalveolyarnoj rekonstrukcii v esteticheski znachimoj zone dlya sohraneniya obema kostnoj i myagkoj tkani. Klinicheskaya stomatologiya. 2018;(4):26–29.Badalyan V.A., Shor E.I., Elfimova N.V., Apoyan A.A., Bagirov T.M. Opyt primeneni-ya nemedlennoj dentoalveolyarnoj rekonstrukcii v esteticheski znachimoj zone dlya sohraneniya obema kostnoj i myagkoj tkani. Klinicheskaya stomatologiya. 2018;(4):26–29.Jensen OT., Mogyoros R., Owen Z., Cottam JR., Alterman M., Casap N. Island osteoperiosteal flap for alveolar bone reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Mar; 68(3):539–46.Jensen OT., Mogyoros R., Owen Z., Cottam JR., Alterman M., Casap N. Island osteoperiosteal flap for alveolar bone reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Mar; 68(3):539–46.Felice P., Marchetti C., Piattelli A., Pellegrino G., Checchi V., Worthington H., Esposito M. Vertical ridge augmentation of the atrophic posterior mandible with interpositional block grafts: bone from the iliac crest versus bovine anorganic bone. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2008 Autumn; 1(3):183–98.Felice P., Marchetti C., Piattelli A., Pellegrino G., Checchi V., Worthington H., Esposito M. Vertical ridge augmentation of the atrophic posterior mandible with interpositional block grafts: bone from the iliac crest versus bovine anorganic bone. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2008 Autumn; 1(3):183–98.Felice P., Pistilli R., Zucchelli G., Simion M., Karaban M., Bonifazi L., Barausse C. Decision Criteria Proposed for the Treatment of Vertical Bone Atrophies in the Posterior Mandible. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2021 Jan-Feb; 41(1):71–77.Felice P., Pistilli R., Zucchelli G., Simion M., Karaban M., Bonifazi L., Barausse C. Decision Criteria Proposed for the Treatment of Vertical Bone Atrophies in the Posterior Mandible. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2021 Jan-Feb; 41(1):71–77.Roccuzzo A., Marchese S., Worsaae N., Jensen SS. The sandwich osteotomy technique to treat vertical alveolar bone defects prior to implant placement: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Mar; 24(3):1073–1089.Roccuzzo A., Marchese S., Worsaae N., Jensen SS. The sandwich osteotomy technique to treat vertical alveolar bone defects prior to implant placement: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Mar; 24(3):1073–1089.Matsushima S., Isogai N., Jacquet R. et al. The nature and role of periosteum in bone and cartilage regeneration. Cells, Tissues, Organs, 2011;194(2–4):320–325.Matsushima S., Isogai N., Jacquet R. et al. The nature and role of periosteum in bone and cartilage regeneration. Cells, Tissues, Organs, 2011;194(2–4):320–325.Tudor C., Bumiller L., Birkholz T., Stockmann P., Wiltfang J., Kessler P. Static and dynamic periosteal elevation: a pilot study in a pig model. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Sep; 39(9):897–903.Tudor C., Bumiller L., Birkholz T., Stockmann P., Wiltfang J., Kessler P. Static and dynamic periosteal elevation: a pilot study in a pig model. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Sep; 39(9):897–903.Dziewiecki D., van de Loo S., Gremse F., Kloss-Brandstätter A., Kloss F., Offer-manns V., Yamauchi K., Kessler P., Lethaus B. Osteoneogenesis due to periosteal elevation with degradable and nondegradable devices in GöttingenMinipigs. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016 Mar; 44(3):318–324.Dziewiecki D., van de Loo S., Gremse F., Kloss-Brandstätter A., Kloss F., Offer-manns V., Yamauchi K., Kessler P., Lethaus B. Osteoneogenesis due to periosteal elevation with degradable and nondegradable devices in GöttingenMinipigs. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016 Mar; 44(3):318–324.Zhang X., Xie C., Lin AS., Ito H., Awad H., Lieberman JR., Rubery PT., Schwarz EM., O’Keefe RJ., Guldberg RE. Periosteal progenitor cell fate in segmental cortical bone graft transplantations: implications for functional tissue engineering. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Dec; 20(12):2124–2137.Zhang X., Xie C., Lin AS., Ito H., Awad H., Lieberman JR., Rubery PT., Schwarz EM., O’Keefe RJ., Guldberg RE. Periosteal progenitor cell fate in segmental cortical bone graft transplantations: implications for functional tissue engineering. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Dec; 20(12):2124–2137.Nakahara K., Haga-Tsujimura M., Sawada K., Mottini M., Schaller B., Saulacic N. Periosteal distraction osteogenesis versus immediate periosteal elevation in a rat model: Histological and micro-CT analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2017 May; 45(5):620–627.Nakahara K., Haga-Tsujimura M., Sawada K., Mottini M., Schaller B., Saulacic N. Periosteal distraction osteogenesis versus immediate periosteal elevation in a rat model: Histological and micro-CT analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2017 May; 45(5):620–627.Ito R., Matsumiya T., Kon T., Narita N., Kubota K., Sakaki H., Ozaki T., Imaizumi T., Kobayashi W., Kimura H. Periosteum-derived cells respond to mechanical stretch and activate Wnt and BMP signaling pathways. Biomed Res, 2014;35(1):69–79.Ito R., Matsumiya T., Kon T., Narita N., Kubota K., Sakaki H., Ozaki T., Imaizumi T., Kobayashi W., Kimura H. Periosteum-derived cells respond to mechanical stretch and activate Wnt and BMP signaling pathways. Biomed Res, 2014;35(1):69–79.Kostopoulos L., Karring T., Uraguchi R. Formation of jawbone tuberosities by guid-ed tissue regeneration. An experimental study in the rat. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 1994 Dec;5(4):245–253.Kostopoulos L., Karring T., Uraguchi R. Formation of jawbone tuberosities by guid-ed tissue regeneration. An experimental study in the rat. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 1994 Dec;5(4):245–253.Schmidt BL., Kung L., Jones C., Casap N. Induced osteogenesis by periosteal distraction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2002 Oct;60(10):1170–1175.Schmidt BL., Kung L., Jones C., Casap N. Induced osteogenesis by periosteal distraction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2002 Oct;60(10):1170–1175.Yamauchi K., Takahashi T., Tanaka K., Nogami S., Kaneuji T., Kanetaka H., Mi-yazaki T., Lethaus B., Kessler P. Self-activated mesh device using shape memory alloy for periosteal expansion osteogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2013 Jul; 101(5):736–742.Yamauchi K., Takahashi T., Tanaka K., Nogami S., Kaneuji T., Kanetaka H., Mi-yazaki T., Lethaus B., Kessler P. Self-activated mesh device using shape memory alloy for periosteal expansion osteogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2013 Jul; 101(5):736–742.Saulacic N., Hug C., Bosshardt DD., Schaller B., Buser D., Haeniwa H., Iizuka T. Relative contributions of osteogenic tissues to new bone formation in periosteal distraction osteogenesis: histological and histomorphometrical evaluation in a rat calvaria. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013 Oct; 15(5):692–706.Saulacic N., Hug C., Bosshardt DD., Schaller B., Buser D., Haeniwa H., Iizuka T. Relative contributions of osteogenic tissues to new bone formation in periosteal distraction osteogenesis: histological and histomorphometrical evaluation in a rat calvaria. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013 Oct; 15(5):692–706.Saulacic N., Schaller B., Iizuka T., Buser D., Hug C., Bosshardt DD. Analysis of new bone formation induced by periosteal distraction in a rat calvarium model. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013 Apr; 15(2):283–291.Saulacic N., Schaller B., Iizuka T., Buser D., Hug C., Bosshardt DD. Analysis of new bone formation induced by periosteal distraction in a rat calvarium model. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013 Apr; 15(2):283–291.Saulacic N., Schaller B., Bosshardt DD., Buser D., Jaun P., Haeniwa H., Iizuka T. Periosteal distraction osteogenesis and barrier membrane application: an experimental study in the rat calvaria. J Periodontol. 2012 Jun; 83(6):757–765.Saulacic N., Schaller B., Bosshardt DD., Buser D., Jaun P., Haeniwa H., Iizuka T. Periosteal distraction osteogenesis and barrier membrane application: an experimental study in the rat calvaria. J Periodontol. 2012 Jun; 83(6):757–765.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.