<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2021-26-14-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-2174</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODERN GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние микронутриентов на фетальное программирование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of perinatal nutrition in implementation of fetal programming</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-3591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлова Светлана Владимировна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой диетологии и клинической нутрициологии</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orlova Svetlana V., DM Sci, professor, head of Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rudn_nutr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-0333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитина Елена Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры диетологии и клинической нутрициологии</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikitina Elena A., PhD Med, assistant professor at Dept of Dietetics and Clinical Nutritiology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitina-ea1@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>26</issue><issue-title>Современная гинекология (2)</issue-title><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Орлова С.В., Никитина Е.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Орлова С.В., Никитина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Orlova S.V., Nikitina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2174">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2174</self-uri><abstract><p>Микронутриентный дефицит в питании беременной женщины способен негативно повлиять не только на течение и исход родов, но привести к долгосрочным изменениям в обмене веществ, структуре и функции органов ребенка. Результаты многочисленных исследований подтверждают влияние питания на адаптационные резервы, способность к обучению и предрасположенность к развитию заболеваний у потомства. Фетальное программирование может оказывать влияние на ход онтогенеза, процессы развития, созревания и старения организма. Характер внутриутробного питания влияет на здоровье и риск последующих заболеваний не только детей, но и взрослых в отдаленной перспективе. Для профилактики неблагоприятного фетального программирования необходимо своевременное обследование беременных для выявления наличия нарушений питания. Для коррекции микронутриентной недостаточности у беременных используется комплексный подход, включающий диетотерапию с использованием соответствующих витаминноминеральных комплексов в профилактике и комплексной терапии соматических заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Micronutrient deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman can negatively affect not only the course and outcome of childbirth, but lead to long-term changes in the metabolism, structure and function of fetal organs. The results of numerous studies confirm the influence of nutrition on adaptation reserves, the ability to learn and the predisposition to the development of diseases in offspring. Fetal programming can influence the course of ontogenesis, the processes of development, maturation and aging of the body. The nature of intrauterine nutrition affects the health and the risk of subsequent diseases not only in children, but also in adults in the long term. For the prevention of unfavorable fetal programming, timely examination of pregnant women is necessary to detect the presence of nutritional disorders. To correct micronutrient deficiency in pregnant women, an integrated approach is used, including diet therapy using appropriate vitamin and mineral complexes. in the prevention and complex therapy of somatic diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микронутриенты</kwd><kwd>плод</kwd><kwd>витамины</kwd><kwd>минералы</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>фетальное программирование</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>онтогенез</kwd><kwd>нарушения питания</kwd><kwd>заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>micronutrients</kwd><kwd>fetus</kwd><kwd>vitamins</kwd><kwd>minerals</kwd><kwd>fetal programming</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>ontogenesis</kwd><kwd>nutritional disorders</kwd><kwd>diseases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация выполнена при поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства РУДН</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This publication was supported by Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia’s Strategic Academic Leadership Program</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barker DJ. The fetal and infant origins of adult disease. BMJ. 1990 Nov 17; 301 (6761): 1111. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.301.6761.1111. PMID: 2252919; PMCID: PMC1664286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barker DJ. The fetal and infant origins of adult disease. BMJ. 1990 Nov 17; 301 (6761): 1111. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.301.6761.1111. PMID: 2252919; PMCID: PMC1664286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ross MG, Desai M. Developmental programming of offspring obesity, adipogenesis, and appetite. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Sep; 56 (3): 529–36. DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e318299c39d. PMID: 23751877; PMCID: PMC4191824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ross MG, Desai M. Developmental programming of offspring obesity, adipogenesis, and appetite. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Sep; 56 (3): 529–36. DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e318299c39d. PMID: 23751877; PMCID: PMC4191824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, Caton JS, Crouse MS, Dahlen CR, Ward AK. Developmental Programming of Fetal Growth and Development. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2019 Jul; 35 (2): 229–247. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.02.006. PMID: 31103178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, Caton JS, Crouse MS, Dahlen CR, Ward AK. Developmental Programming of Fetal Growth and Development. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2019 Jul; 35 (2): 229–247. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.02.006. PMID: 31103178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lillycrop KA, Phillips ES, Jackson AA, Hanson MA, Burdge GC. Dietary protein restriction of pregnant rats induces and folic acid supplementation prevents epigenetic modification of hepatic gene expression in the offspring. J Nutr. 2005 Jun; 135 (6): 1382–6. DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.6.1382. PMID: 15930441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lillycrop KA, Phillips ES, Jackson AA, Hanson MA, Burdge GC. Dietary protein restriction of pregnant rats induces and folic acid supplementation prevents epigenetic modification of hepatic gene expression in the offspring. J Nutr. 2005 Jun; 135 (6): 1382–6. DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.6.1382. PMID: 15930441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turner CL, Mackay DM, Callaway JL, Docherty LE, Poole RL, Bullman H, Lever M, Castle BM, Kivuva EC, Turnpenny PD, Mehta SG, Mansour S, Wakeling EL, Mathew V, Madden J, Davies JH, Temple IK. Methylation analysis of 79 patients with growth restriction reveals novel patterns of methylation change at imprinted loci. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 Jun; 18 (6): 648–55. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.246. Epub 2010 Jan 27. PMID: 20104244; PMCID: PMC2987339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turner CL, Mackay DM, Callaway JL, Docherty LE, Poole RL, Bullman H, Lever M, Castle BM, Kivuva EC, Turnpenny PD, Mehta SG, Mansour S, Wakeling EL, Mathew V, Madden J, Davies JH, Temple IK. Methylation analysis of 79 patients with growth restriction reveals novel patterns of methylation change at imprinted loci. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010 Jun; 18 (6): 648–55. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.246. Epub 2010 Jan 27. PMID: 20104244; PMCID: PMC2987339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Straten EM, Bloks VW, Huijkman NC, Baller JF, van Meer H, Lütjohann D, Kuipers F, Plösch T. The liver X-receptor gene promoter is hypermethylated in a mouse model of prenatal protein restriction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Feb; 298 (2): R275–82. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00413.2009. Epub 2009 Nov 4. PMID: 19889862.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Straten EM, Bloks VW, Huijkman NC, Baller JF, van Meer H, Lütjohann D, Kuipers F, Plösch T. The liver X-receptor gene promoter is hypermethylated in a mouse model of prenatal protein restriction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Feb; 298 (2): R275–82. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00413.2009. Epub 2009 Nov 4. PMID: 19889862.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. Микронутриенты и репродуктивное здоровье. Руководство. Москва, 2019, 672 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromova O.A., Torshin I. Yu. Micronutrients and Reproductive Health. Management. Moscow, 2019, 672 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коденцова В. М. Витамины и минералы как фактор предупреждения дефектов развития плода и осложнений беременности. МС. 2016. № 9. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vitaminy-i-mineraly-kak-faktorpreduprezhdeniya-defektov-razvitiya-ploda-i-oslozhneniy-beremennosti (дата обращения: 03.09.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V.M. Kodentsova Vitamins and minerals as a factor in the prevention of fetal developmental defects and pregnancy complications. MS. 2016. No. 9. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vitaminy-i-mineraly-kak-faktor-preduprezhdeniya-defektov-razvitiya-ploda-i-oslozhneniy-beremennosti (date of access: 03.09.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коденцова В.М., Вржесинская О.А., Рисник Д.В., Никитюк Д.Б., Тутельян В.А. (2017). Обеспеченность населения России микронутриентами и возможности ее коррекции. Состояние проблемы. Вопросы питания, 86 (4), 113–124. DOI: 10.24411/0042–8833–2017–00067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodentsova V.M., Vrzhesinskaya O.A., Risnik D. V., Nikityuk D. B., Tutelyan V.A. (2017). Provision of the Russian population with micronutrients and the possibility of its correction. Problem state. Nutrition Matters, 86 (4), 113–124. DOI: 10.24411/0042–8833–2017–00067.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коденцова В. М., Вржесинская О. А. Витамины в питании беременных. Гинекология. 2002. Т. 4, № 1. 7–12 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodentsova V.M., Vrzhesinskaya O.A. Vitamins in the nutrition of pregnant women. Gynecology. 2002. V. 4, No. 1. 7–12 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thiamin. Micronutrient Information Center of Linus Pauling Institute. https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/riboflavin#migraine-headaches-treatment</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thiamin. Micronutrient Information Center of Linus Pauling Institute. https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/riboflavin#migraine-headaches-treatment</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balasubramaniam S, Christodoulou J, Rahman S. Disorders of riboflavin metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2019 Jul; 42 (4): 608–619. DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12058. Epub 2019 Mar 11. PMID: 30680745.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balasubramaniam S, Christodoulou J, Rahman S. Disorders of riboflavin metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2019 Jul; 42 (4): 608–619. DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12058. Epub 2019 Mar 11. PMID: 30680745.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lappas M, Permezel M. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of nicotinamide, a vitamin B(3) derivative, are elicited by FoxO3 in human gestational tissues: implications for preterm birth. J Nutr Biochem. 2011 Dec; 22 (12): 1195–201. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.10.009. Epub 2011 Mar 16. PMID: 21414766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lappas M, Permezel M. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of nicotinamide, a vitamin B(3) derivative, are elicited by FoxO3 in human gestational tissues: implications for preterm birth. J Nutr Biochem. 2011 Dec; 22 (12): 1195–201. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.10.009. Epub 2011 Mar 16. PMID: 21414766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tian YJ, Luo N, Chen NN, Lun YZ, Gu XY, Li Z, Ma Q, Zhou SS. Maternal nicotinamide supplementation causes global DNA hypomethylation, uracil hypo-incorporation and gene expression changes in fetal rats. Br J Nutr. 2014 May; 111 (9): 1594–601. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513004054. Epub 2014 Feb 10. PMID: 24507733.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tian YJ, Luo N, Chen NN, Lun YZ, Gu XY, Li Z, Ma Q, Zhou SS. Maternal nicotinamide supplementation causes global DNA hypomethylation, uracil hypo-incorporation and gene expression changes in fetal rats. Br J Nutr. 2014 May; 111 (9): 1594–601. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513004054. Epub 2014 Feb 10. PMID: 24507733.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li D, Tian YJ, Guo J, Sun WP, Lun YZ, Guo M, Luo N, Cao Y, Cao JM, Gong XJ, Zhou SS. Nicotinamide supplementation induces detrimental metabolic and epigenetic changes in developing rats. Br J Nutr. 2013 Dec; 110 (12): 2156–64. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513001815. Epub 2013 Jun 17. PMID: 23768418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li D, Tian YJ, Guo J, Sun WP, Lun YZ, Guo M, Luo N, Cao Y, Cao JM, Gong XJ, Zhou SS. Nicotinamide supplementation induces detrimental metabolic and epigenetic changes in developing rats. Br J Nutr. 2013 Dec; 110 (12): 2156–64. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513001815. Epub 2013 Jun 17. PMID: 23768418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCormick DB. Vitamin B6. In: Bowman BA, Russell RM, eds. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: International Life Sciences Institute; 2006: 269–277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCormick DB. Vitamin B6. In: Bowman BA, Russell RM, eds. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: International Life Sciences Institute; 2006: 269–277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clayton PT. B6-responsive disorders: a model of vitamin dependency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006 Apr-Jun; 29 (2–3): 317–26. DOI: 10.1007/s10545–005–0243–2. PMID: 16763894.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clayton PT. B6-responsive disorders: a model of vitamin dependency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006 Apr-Jun; 29 (2–3): 317–26. DOI: 10.1007/s10545–005–0243–2. PMID: 16763894.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown MJ, Ameer MA, Beier K. Vitamin B6 Deficiency. 2021 Jul 25. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2021 Jan. PMID: 29261855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown MJ, Ameer MA, Beier K. Vitamin B6 Deficiency. 2021 Jul 25. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2021 Jan. PMID: 29261855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almeida MR, Venâncio VP, Aissa AF, Darin JDC, Pires Bianchi ML, Greggi Antunes LM. Effects of maternal vitamin B 6 deficiency and over-supplementation on DNA damage and oxidative stress in rat dams and their offspring. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015 Jun; 80: 201–205. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.015. Epub 2015 Mar 25. PMID: 25818462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almeida MR, Venâncio VP, Aissa AF, Darin JDC, Pires Bianchi ML, Greggi Antunes LM. Effects of maternal vitamin B 6 deficiency and over-supplementation on DNA damage and oxidative stress in rat dams and their offspring. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015 Jun; 80: 201–205. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.015. Epub 2015 Mar 25. PMID: 25818462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steegers-Theunissen RP, Obermann-Borst SA, Kremer D, Lindemans J, Siebel C, Steegers EA, Slagboom PE, Heijmans BT. Periconceptional maternal folic acid use of 400 microg per day is related to increased methylation of the IGF2 gene in the very young child. PLoS One. 2009 Nov 16; 4 (11): e7845. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007845. PMID: 19924280; PMCID: PMC2773848.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steegers-Theunissen RP, Obermann-Borst SA, Kremer D, Lindemans J, Siebel C, Steegers EA, Slagboom PE, Heijmans BT. Periconceptional maternal folic acid use of 400 microg per day is related to increased methylation of the IGF2 gene in the very young child. PLoS One. 2009 Nov 16; 4 (11): e7845. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007845. PMID: 19924280; PMCID: PMC2773848.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt RJ, Tancredi DJ, Ozonoff S, Hansen RL, Hartiala J, Allayee H, Schmidt LC, Tassone F, Hertz-Picciotto I. Maternal periconceptional folic acid intake and risk of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jul; 96 (1): 80–9. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.004416. Epub 2012 May 30. PMID: 22648721; PMCID: PMC3374734.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt RJ, Tancredi DJ, Ozonoff S, Hansen RL, Hartiala J, Allayee H, Schmidt LC, Tassone F, Hertz-Picciotto I. Maternal periconceptional folic acid intake and risk of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jul; 96 (1): 80–9. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.004416. Epub 2012 May 30. PMID: 22648721; PMCID: PMC3374734.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koletzko B, Bauer CP, Bung P, Cremer M, Flothkötter M, Hellmers C, Kersting M, Krawinkel M, Przyrembel H, Rasenack R, Schäfer T, Vetter K, Wahn U, Weissenborn A, Wöckel A. German national consensus recommendations on nutrition and lifestyle in pregnancy by the ‘Healthy Start –Young Family Network’. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013; 63 (4): 311–22. DOI: 10.1159/000358398. Epub 2014 Feb 7. PMID: 24514069.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koletzko B, Bauer CP, Bung P, Cremer M, Flothkötter M, Hellmers C, Kersting M, Krawinkel M, Przyrembel H, Rasenack R, Schäfer T, Vetter K, Wahn U, Weissenborn A, Wöckel A. German national consensus recommendations on nutrition and lifestyle in pregnancy by the ‘Healthy Start –Young Family Network’. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013; 63 (4): 311–22. DOI: 10.1159/000358398. Epub 2014 Feb 7. PMID: 24514069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valera-Gran D, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Garcia de la Hera M, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, Ibarluzea J, Balluerka N, Murcia M, González-Safont L, Romaguera D, Julvez J, Vioque J; INMA Project. Effect of maternal high dosages of folic acid supplements on neurocognitive development in children at 4–5 y of age: the prospective birth cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Sep; 106 (3): 878–887. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.152769. Epub 2017 Jul 19. PMID: 28724645.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valera-Gran D, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Garcia de la Hera M, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, Ibarluzea J, Balluerka N, Murcia M, González-Safont L, Romaguera D, Julvez J, Vioque J; INMA Project. Effect of maternal high dosages of folic acid supplements on neurocognitive development in children at 4–5 y of age: the prospective birth cohort Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Sep; 106 (3): 878–887. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.152769. Epub 2017 Jul 19. PMID: 28724645.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai JS, Pang WW, Cai S, Lee YS, Chan JKY, Shek LPC, Yap FKP, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, van Dam RM, Chong YS, Chong MFF. High folate and low vitamin B12 status during pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr. 2018 Jun; 37 (3): 940–947. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.022. Epub 2017 Mar 24. PMID: 28381340; PMCID: PMC5534168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lai JS, Pang WW, Cai S, Lee YS, Chan JKY, Shek LPC, Yap FKP, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, van Dam RM, Chong YS, Chong MFF. High folate and low vitamin B12 status during pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr. 2018 Jun; 37 (3): 940–947. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.022. Epub 2017 Mar 24. PMID: 28381340; PMCID: PMC5534168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yajnik CS, Deshmukh US. Fetal programming: maternal nutrition and role of one-carbon metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2012 Jun; 13 (2): 121–7. DOI: 10.1007/s11154–012–9214–8. PMID: 22415298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yajnik CS, Deshmukh US. Fetal programming: maternal nutrition and role of one-carbon metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2012 Jun; 13 (2): 121–7. DOI: 10.1007/s11154–012–9214–8. PMID: 22415298.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ших Е.В., Ильенко Л.И. Клинико-фармакологические аспекты применения витаминно-минеральных комплексов при беременности. М.: Медпресс, 2007. С. 84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shikh E.V., Ilienko L.I. Clinical and pharmacological aspects of the use of vitamin and mineral complexes during pregnancy. M.: Medpress, 2007. P. 84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biotin. Micronutrient Information Center of Linus Pauling Institute. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/biotin</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biotin. Micronutrient Information Center of Linus Pauling Institute. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/biotin</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Institute of Medicine 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Institute of Medicine 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DiTroia SP, Percharde M, Guerquin MJ, Wall E, Collignon E, Ebata KT, Mesh K, Mahesula S, Agathocleous M, Laird DJ, Livera G, Ramalho-Santos M. Maternal vitamin C regulates reprogramming of DNA methylation and germline development. Nature. 2019 Sep; 573 (7773): 271–275. DOI: 10.1038/s41586–019–1536–1. Epub 2019 Sep 4. Erratum in: Nature. 2019 Nov 13; PMID: 31485074.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DiTroia SP, Percharde M, Guerquin MJ, Wall E, Collignon E, Ebata KT, Mesh K, Mahesula S, Agathocleous M, Laird DJ, Livera G, Ramalho-Santos M. Maternal vitamin C regulates reprogramming of DNA methylation and germline development. Nature. 2019 Sep; 573 (7773): 271–275. DOI: 10.1038/s41586–019–1536–1. Epub 2019 Sep 4. Erratum in: Nature. 2019 Nov 13; PMID: 31485074.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastos Maia S, Rolland Souza AS, Costa Caminha MF, Lins da Silva S, Callou Cruz RSBL, Carvalho Dos Santos C, Batista Filho M. Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2019 Mar 22; 11 (3): 681. DOI: 10.3390/nu11030681. PMID: 30909386; PMCID: PMC6470929.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bastos Maia S, Rolland Souza AS, Costa Caminha MF, Lins da Silva S, Callou Cruz RSBL, Carvalho Dos Santos C, Batista Filho M. Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2019 Mar 22; 11 (3): 681. DOI: 10.3390/nu11030681. PMID: 30909386; PMCID: PMC6470929.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ребров В. Г., Громова O. A. Витамины, макро- и микроэлементы. ГЭОТАР, М., 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ребров В. Г., Громова O. A. Витамины, макро- и микроэлементы. ГЭОТАР, М., 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meram I, Bozkurt AI, Kilincer S, Ozcirpici B, Ozgur S. Vitamin A and beta-carotene levels during pregnancy in Gaziantep, Turkey. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2004; 47 (3): 189–93. PMID: 15568738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meram I, Bozkurt AI, Kilincer S, Ozcirpici B, Ozgur S. Vitamin A and beta-carotene levels during pregnancy in Gaziantep, Turkey. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2004; 47 (3): 189–93. PMID: 15568738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radhika MS, Bhaskaram P, Balakrishna N, Ramalakshmi BA, Devi S, Kumar BS. Effects of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on maternal and child health. BJOG. 2002 Jun; 109 (6): 689–93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471–0528.2002.01010.x. PMID: 12118649.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radhika MS, Bhaskaram P, Balakrishna N, Ramalakshmi BA, Devi S, Kumar BS. Effects of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on maternal and child health. BJOG. 2002 Jun; 109 (6): 689–93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471–0528.2002.01010.x. PMID: 12118649.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Traber M.G. Vitamin E. In: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkiins. 2006. P. 396–411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Traber M.G. Vitamin E. In: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkiins. 2006. P. 396–411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strait RT, Camargo CA. Vitamin E and the risk of childhood asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016 Aug; 10 (8): 881–90. DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1184090. Epub 2016 May 13. PMID: 27123996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strait RT, Camargo CA. Vitamin E and the risk of childhood asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016 Aug; 10 (8): 881–90. DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1184090. Epub 2016 May 13. PMID: 27123996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holick MF. Vitamin D: extraskeletal health. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2012 Feb; 38 (1): 141–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2012.03.013. Epub 2012 Apr 12. PMID: 22525849.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holick MF. Vitamin D: extraskeletal health. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2012 Feb; 38 (1): 141–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2012.03.013. Epub 2012 Apr 12. PMID: 22525849.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hossein-Nezhad A, Holick MF. Optimize dietary intake of vitamin D: an epigenetic perspective. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012 Nov; 15 (6): 567–79. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283594978. PMID: 23075936.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hossein-Nezhad A, Holick MF. Optimize dietary intake of vitamin D: an epigenetic perspective. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012 Nov; 15 (6): 567–79. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283594978. PMID: 23075936.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holick MF. Nutrition: D-iabetes and D-eath D-efying vitamin D. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012 May 29; 8 (7): 388–90. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.84. PMID: 22640996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holick MF. Nutrition: D-iabetes and D-eath D-efying vitamin D. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012 May 29; 8 (7): 388–90. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.84. PMID: 22640996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nascimento FA, Ceciliano TC, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Maternal vitamin D deficiency delays glomerular maturity in F1 and F2 offspring. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (8): e41740. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041740. Epub 2012 Aug 21. PMID: 22927914; PMCID: PMC3424155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nascimento FA, Ceciliano TC, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Maternal vitamin D deficiency delays glomerular maturity in F1 and F2 offspring. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (8): e41740. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041740. Epub 2012 Aug 21. PMID: 22927914; PMCID: PMC3424155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karlic H, Varga F. Impact of vitamin D metabolism on clinical epigenetics. Clin Epigenetics. 2011 Apr; 2 (1): 55–61. DOI: 10.1007/s13148–011–0021-y. Epub 2011 Feb 8. PMID: 22704269; PMCID: PMC3365599.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlic H, Varga F. Impact of vitamin D metabolism on clinical epigenetics. Clin Epigenetics. 2011 Apr; 2 (1): 55–61. DOI: 10.1007/s13148–011–0021-y. Epub 2011 Feb 8. PMID: 22704269; PMCID: PMC3365599.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin R, Harvey NC, Crozier SR, Poole JR, Javaid MK, Dennison EM, Inskip HM, Hanson M, Godfrey KM, Cooper C, Lewis R; SWS Study Group. Placental calcium transporter (PMCA3) gene expression predicts intrauterine bone mineral accrual. Bone. 2007 May; 40 (5): 1203–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.12.060. Epub 2006 Dec 29. PMID: 17336174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin R, Harvey NC, Crozier SR, Poole JR, Javaid MK, Dennison EM, Inskip HM, Hanson M, Godfrey KM, Cooper C, Lewis R; SWS Study Group. Placental calcium transporter (PMCA3) gene expression predicts intrauterine bone mineral accrual. Bone. 2007 May; 40 (5): 1203–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.12.060. Epub 2006 Dec 29. PMID: 17336174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holick MF. The D-lightful vitamin D for child health. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 Jan; 36 (1 Suppl): 9S 19S. DOI: 10.1177/0148607111430189. Epub 2011 Dec 16. PMID: 22179524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holick MF. The D-lightful vitamin D for child health. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 Jan; 36 (1 Suppl): 9S 19S. DOI: 10.1177/0148607111430189. Epub 2011 Dec 16. PMID: 22179524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lapillonne A. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may impair maternal and fetal outcomes. Med Hypotheses. 2010 Jan; 74 (1): 71–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.054. Epub 2009 Aug 18. PMID: 19692182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapillonne A. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may impair maternal and fetal outcomes. Med Hypotheses. 2010 Jan; 74 (1): 71–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.054. Epub 2009 Aug 18. PMID: 19692182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коденцова В.М., Рисник Д.В. Множественная микронутриентная недостаточность у детей дошкольного возраста и способы ее коррекции. Лечащий врач № 6/2020; 52–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V. M. Kodentsova, D. V. Risnik Multiple micronutrient deficiency in preschool children and methods for its correction. Attending Physician No. 6/2020; 52–57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang S, Zeng L, Brouwer ID, Kok FJ, Yan H. Effect of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy on child mental development in rural China. Pediatrics. 2013 Mar; 131 (3): e755–63. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011–3513. Epub 2013 Feb 11. PMID: 23400604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang S, Zeng L, Brouwer ID, Kok FJ, Yan H. Effect of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy on child mental development in rural China. Pediatrics. 2013 Mar; 131 (3): e755–63. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011–3513. Epub 2013 Feb 11. PMID: 23400604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamura T, Goldenberg RL, Hou J, Johnston KE, Cliver SP, Ramey SL, Nelson KG. Cord serum ferritin concentrations and mental and psychomotor development of children at five years of age. J Pediatr. 2002 Feb; 140 (2): 165–70. DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2002.120688. PMID: 11865266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamura T, Goldenberg RL, Hou J, Johnston KE, Cliver SP, Ramey SL, Nelson KG. Cord serum ferritin concentrations and mental and psychomotor development of children at five years of age. J Pediatr. 2002 Feb; 140 (2): 165–70. DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2002.120688. PMID: 11865266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alwan NA, Hamamy H. Maternal Iron Status in Pregnancy and Long-Term Health Outcomes in the Offspring. J Pediatr Genet. 2015 Jun; 4 (2): 111–23. DOI: 10.1055/s0035–1556742. PMID: 27617121; PMCID: PMC4918713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alwan NA, Hamamy H. Maternal Iron Status in Pregnancy and Long-Term Health Outcomes in the Offspring. J Pediatr Genet. 2015 Jun; 4 (2): 111–23. DOI: 10.1055/s0035–1556742. PMID: 27617121; PMCID: PMC4918713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Congdon EL, Westerlund A, Algarin CR, Peirano PD, Gregas M, Lozoff B, Nelson CA. Iron deficiency in infancy is associated with altered neural correlates of recognition memory at 10 years. J Pediatr. 2012 Jun; 160 (6): 1027–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.011. Epub 2012 Jan 11. PMID: 22244466; PMCID: PMC3360801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Congdon EL, Westerlund A, Algarin CR, Peirano PD, Gregas M, Lozoff B, Nelson CA. Iron deficiency in infancy is associated with altered neural correlates of recognition memory at 10 years. J Pediatr. 2012 Jun; 160 (6): 1027–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.011. Epub 2012 Jan 11. PMID: 22244466; PMCID: PMC3360801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lozoff B. Iron deficiency and child development. Food Nutr Bull. 2007 Dec; 28 (4 Suppl): S560–71. DOI: 10.1177/15648265070284S409. PMID: 18297894.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozoff B. Iron deficiency and child development. Food Nutr Bull. 2007 Dec; 28 (4 Suppl): S560–71. DOI: 10.1177/15648265070284S409. PMID: 18297894.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Smith JB. Double burden of iron deficiency in infancy and low socioeconomic status: a longitudinal analysis of cognitive test scores to age 19 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Nov; 160 (11): 1108–13. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.160.11.1108. PMID: 17088512; PMCID: PMC1866361.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Smith JB. Double burden of iron deficiency in infancy and low socioeconomic status: a longitudinal analysis of cognitive test scores to age 19 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Nov; 160 (11): 1108–13. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.160.11.1108. PMID: 17088512; PMCID: PMC1866361.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fararouei M, Robertson C, Whittaker J, Sovio U, Ruokonen A, Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, Jarvelin MR, Hyppönen E. Maternal Hb during pregnancy and offspring’s educational achievement: a prospective cohort study over 30 years. Br J Nutr. 2010 Nov; 104 (9): 1363–8. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114510002175. Epub 2010 Jun 4. PMID: 20522275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fararouei M, Robertson C, Whittaker J, Sovio U, Ruokonen A, Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, Jarvelin MR, Hyppönen E. Maternal Hb during pregnancy and offspring’s educational achievement: a prospective cohort study over 30 years. Br J Nutr. 2010 Nov; 104 (9): 1363–8. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114510002175. Epub 2010 Jun 4. PMID: 20522275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang C, Lin L, Su R, Zhu W, Wei Y, Yan J, Feng H, Li B, Li S, Yang H. Hemoglobin levels during the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and preterm birth in Chinese women: a retrospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 Jun 26; 18 (1): 263. DOI: 10.1186/s12884–018–1800–7. PMID: 29940874; PMCID: PMC6020184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang C, Lin L, Su R, Zhu W, Wei Y, Yan J, Feng H, Li B, Li S, Yang H. Hemoglobin levels during the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and preterm birth in Chinese women: a retrospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 Jun 26; 18 (1): 263. DOI: 10.1186/s12884–018–1800–7. PMID: 29940874; PMCID: PMC6020184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patrícia Medeiros Falcão K, Pedrozo Campos Antunes T, do Nascimento Andrade Feitosa A, Victor EG, Nunes Alves de Sousa M, de Abreu LC, Vilar de Asis E, Barros de Quental O, Pinheiro Bezerra IM, Azevedo de Freitas Junior H. Association between hypertension and quality of life in pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2016 Aug; 35 (3): 306–14. DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2016.1143485. Epub 2016 Mar 1. PMID: 26930125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patrícia Medeiros Falcão K, Pedrozo Campos Antunes T, do Nascimento Andrade Feitosa A, Victor EG, Nunes Alves de Sousa M, de Abreu LC, Vilar de Asis E, Barros de Quental O, Pinheiro Bezerra IM, Azevedo de Freitas Junior H. Association between hypertension and quality of life in pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2016 Aug; 35 (3): 306–14. DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2016.1143485. Epub 2016 Mar 1. PMID: 26930125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catling LA, Abubakar I, Lake IR, Swift L, Hunter PR. A systematic review of analytical observational studies investigating the association between cardiovascular disease and drinking water hardness. J Water Health. 2008 Dec; 6 (4): 433–42. DOI: 10.2166/wh.2008.054. PMID: 18401109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catling LA, Abubakar I, Lake IR, Swift L, Hunter PR. A systematic review of analytical observational studies investigating the association between cardiovascular disease and drinking water hardness. J Water Health. 2008 Dec; 6 (4): 433–42. DOI: 10.2166/wh.2008.054. PMID: 18401109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takaya J. Small for Gestational Age and Magnesium: Intrauterine magnesium deficiency may induce metabolic syndrome in later life. AIMS Public Health. 2015 Dec 4; 2 (4): 793–803. DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.4.793. PMID: 29546136; PMCID: PMC5690443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takaya J. Small for Gestational Age and Magnesium: Intrauterine magnesium deficiency may induce metabolic syndrome in later life. AIMS Public Health. 2015 Dec 4; 2 (4): 793–803. DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.4.793. PMID: 29546136; PMCID: PMC5690443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Józefczuk J, Kasprzycka W, Czarnecki R, Graczyk A, Józefczuk P, Magda K, Lampart U. Homocysteine as a Diagnostic and Etiopathogenic Factor in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Med Food. 2017 Aug; 20 (8): 744–749. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0150. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28598237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Józefczuk J, Kasprzycka W, Czarnecki R, Graczyk A, Józefczuk P, Magda K, Lampart U. Homocysteine as a Diagnostic and Etiopathogenic Factor in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Med Food. 2017 Aug; 20 (8): 744–749. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0150. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28598237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prasad AS. Impact of the discovery of human zinc deficiency on health. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2014 Oct; 28 (4): 357–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.09.002. Epub 2014 Sep 16. PMID: 25260885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prasad AS. Impact of the discovery of human zinc deficiency on health. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2014 Oct; 28 (4): 357–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.09.002. Epub 2014 Sep 16. PMID: 25260885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caulfield LE, Black RE. Zinc deficiency. In Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. World Health Org. 2004; 1: 257–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caulfield LE, Black RE. Zinc deficiency. In Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. World Health Org. 2004; 1: 257–80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Государственная политика Российской Федерации в области здорового питания: Доклад. М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека, 2015. 89 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State policy of the Russian Federation in the field of healthy nutrition: Report. Moscow: Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 2015. 89 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caulfield LE, Zavaleta N, Chen P, Lazarte F, Albornoz C, Putnick DL, Bornstein MH, DiPietro JA. Maternal zinc supplementation during pregnancy affects autonomic function of Peruvian children assessed at 54 months of age. J Nutr. 2011 Feb; 141 (2): 327–32. DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.128843. Epub 2010 Dec 22. PMID: 21178078; PMCID: PMC3021453.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caulfield LE, Zavaleta N, Chen P, Lazarte F, Albornoz C, Putnick DL, Bornstein MH, DiPietro JA. Maternal zinc supplementation during pregnancy affects autonomic function of Peruvian children assessed at 54 months of age. J Nutr. 2011 Feb; 141 (2): 327–32. DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.128843. Epub 2010 Dec 22. PMID: 21178078; PMCID: PMC3021453.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rigo J, De Curtis M, Pieltain C, Picaud JC, Salle BL, Senterre J. Bone mineral metabolism in the micropremie. Clin Perinatol. 2000 Mar; 27 (1): 147–70. DOI: 10.1016/s0095–5108(05)70011–7. PMID: 10690569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rigo J, De Curtis M, Pieltain C, Picaud JC, Salle BL, Senterre J. Bone mineral metabolism in the micropremie. Clin Perinatol. 2000 Mar; 27 (1): 147–70. DOI: 10.1016/s0095–5108(05)70011–7. PMID: 10690569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Root A.W., Diamond F.B. Jr. Disorders of calcium metabolRoot A.W., Diamond F.B. Jr. Disorders of calcium metabolism in the child and adolescent. In: Pediatric endocrinology. Ed. by M.A. Sperling. 2nd ed.; Saunders, Philadelphia; 2002: P. 629–688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Root A.W., Diamond F.B. Jr. Disorders of calcium metabolRoot A.W., Diamond F.B. Jr. Disorders of calcium metabolism in the child and adolescent. In: Pediatric endocrinology. Ed. by M.A. Sperling. 2nd ed.; Saunders, Philadelphia; 2002: P. 629–688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee SE, Talegawkar SA, Merialdi M, Caulfield LE. Dietary intakes of women during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries. Public Health Nutr. 2013 Aug; 16 (8): 1340–53. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012004417. Epub 2012 Oct 9. PMID: 23046556.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee SE, Talegawkar SA, Merialdi M, Caulfield LE. Dietary intakes of women during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries. Public Health Nutr. 2013 Aug; 16 (8): 1340–53. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012004417. Epub 2012 Oct 9. PMID: 23046556.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blumfield ML, Hure AJ, Macdonald-Wicks L, Smith R, Collins CE. A systematic review and meta-analysis of micronutrient intakes during pregnancy in developed countries. Nutr Rev. 2013 Feb; 71 (2): 118–32. DOI: 10.1111/nure.12003. Epub 2013 Jan 7. PMID: 23356639.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blumfield ML, Hure AJ, Macdonald-Wicks L, Smith R, Collins CE. A systematic review and meta-analysis of micronutrient intakes during pregnancy in developed countries. Nutr Rev. 2013 Feb; 71 (2): 118–32. DOI: 10.1111/nure.12003. Epub 2013 Jan 7. PMID: 23356639.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилин Д.Е. Первичная профилактика преэклампсии кальцием и витамином D (с позиций акушерства, основанного на доказательствах). Гинекология (приложение к журналу Consilium medicum). 2011. Т. 13. № 4. С. 4–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilin D.E. Primary prevention of preeclampsia with calcium and vitamin D (from an evidence-based obstetrics perspective). Gynecology (supplement to the journal Consilium medicum). 2011. T. 13. No. 4. P. 4–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курмачёва Н. А., Рогожина И. Е., Аккузина О. П. Дефицит потребления кальция при осложнённой беременности и оценка эффективности его армакологической коррекции. Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. 2011. Т. 11. № 4. С. 50–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurmacheva N.A., Rogozhina I.E., Akkuzina O.P. Deficiency of calcium intake in complicated pregnancy and assessment of the effectiveness of its armacological correction. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2011. V. 11. No. 4. P. 50–55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спиричев В.Б. Витамины и минеральные вещества в комплексной профилактике и лечении остеопороза. Вопр. питания. 2003. № 1. С. 34–43. Spirichev V.B. Vitamins and minerals in the complex prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Nutrition Issues. 2003. No. 1. P. 34–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spirichev V.B. Vitamins and minerals in the complex prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Nutrition Issues. 2003. No. 1. P. 34–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спиричев В.Б. Роль витаминов и минеральных веществ в остеогенезе и профилактике остеопатии у детей. Вопр. детской диетологии. 2003. № 1. С. 40–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spirichev V.B. The role of vitamins and minerals in osteogenesis and prevention of osteopathy in children. Pediatric Dietetics Issues. 2003. No. 1. P. 40–49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehdi Y, Hornick JL, Istasse L, Dufrasne I. Selenium in the environment, metabolism and involvement in body functions. Molecules. 2013 Mar 13; 18 (3): 3292–311. DOI: 10.3390/molecules18033292. PMID: 23486107; PMCID: PMC6270138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehdi Y, Hornick JL, Istasse L, Dufrasne I. Selenium in the environment, metabolism and involvement in body functions. Molecules. 2013 Mar 13; 18 (3): 3292–311. DOI: 10.3390/molecules18033292. PMID: 23486107; PMCID: PMC6270138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu J, Holmgren A. Selenoproteins. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 9; 284 (2): 723–7. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.R800045200. Epub 2008 Aug 29. PMID: 18757362.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu J, Holmgren A. Selenoproteins. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 9; 284 (2): 723–7. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.R800045200. Epub 2008 Aug 29. PMID: 18757362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abedelahi A, Salehnia M, Allameh AA, Davoodi D. Sodium selenite improves the in vitro follicular development by reducing the reactive oxygen species level and increasing the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxide activity. Hum Reprod. 2010 Apr; 25 (4): 977–85. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq002. Epub 2010 Feb 6. PMID: 20139425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abedelahi A, Salehnia M, Allameh AA, Davoodi D. Sodium selenite improves the in vitro follicular development by reducing the reactive oxygen species level and increasing the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxide activity. Hum Reprod. 2010 Apr; 25 (4): 977–85. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq002. Epub 2010 Feb 6. PMID: 20139425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reeves MA, Hoffmann PR. The human selenoproteome: recent insights into functions and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Aug; 66 (15): 2457–78. DOI: 10.1007/s00018–009–0032–4. Epub 2009 Apr 28. PMID: 19399585; PMCID: PMC2866081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reeves MA, Hoffmann PR. The human selenoproteome: recent insights into functions and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Aug; 66 (15): 2457–78. DOI: 10.1007/s00018–009–0032–4. Epub 2009 Apr 28. PMID: 19399585; PMCID: PMC2866081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mihailović M, Cvetković M, Ljubić A, Kosanović M, Nedeljković S, Jovanović I, Pesut O. Selenium and malondialdehyde content and glutathione peroxidase activity in maternal and umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000 Jan; 73 (1): 47–54. DOI: 10.1385/BTER:73:1:47. PMID: 10949968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mihailović M, Cvetković M, Ljubić A, Kosanović M, Nedeljković S, Jovanović I, Pesut O. Selenium and malondialdehyde content and glutathione peroxidase activity in maternal and umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000 Jan; 73 (1): 47–54. DOI: 10.1385/BTER:73:1:47. PMID: 10949968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grazul-Bilska AT, Caton JS, Arndt W, Burchill K, Thorson C, Borowczyk E, Bilski JJ, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Vonnahme KA. Cellular proliferation and vascularization in ovine fetal ovaries: effects of undernutrition and selenium in maternal diet. Reproduction. 2009 Apr; 137 (4): 699–707. DOI: 10.1530/REP08–0375. Epub 2009 Jan 7. PMID: 19129369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grazul-Bilska AT, Caton JS, Arndt W, Burchill K, Thorson C, Borowczyk E, Bilski JJ, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Vonnahme KA. Cellular proliferation and vascularization in ovine fetal ovaries: effects of undernutrition and selenium in maternal diet. Reproduction. 2009 Apr; 137 (4): 699–707. DOI: 10.1530/REP08–0375. Epub 2009 Jan 7. PMID: 19129369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grabek M, Swies Z, Borzecki A. The influence of selenium on the reproduction of rats. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med. 1991; 46: 103–5. PMID: 1364982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grabek M, Swies Z, Borzecki A. The influence of selenium on the reproduction of rats. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med. 1991; 46: 103–5. PMID: 1364982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO antenatal care recommendations for a positive pregnancy experience. nutritional interventions update: multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO antenatal care recommendations for a positive pregnancy experience. nutritional interventions update: multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
