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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2021-16-20-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-2139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническая диагностика переломов позвонков при остеопорозе (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical diagnosis of vertebral fractures in osteoporosis (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-1888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстигнеева</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evstigneeva</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евстигнеева Людмила Петровна, д.м.н., гл. внештатный ревматолог Минздрава Свердловской области, зав. ревматологическим отделением, доценткафедры терапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evstigneeva Ludmila P., DM Sci, head of Rheumatology Dept, associate professor at Dept of Therapy</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ СО «Свердловская областная клиническая больница № 1»; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1;  Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>16</issue><issue-title>Ревматология в общей врачебной практике</issue-title><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евстигнеева Л.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евстигнеева Л.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evstigneeva L.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2139">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2139</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Остеопороз – распространенная патология среди лиц старших возрастных групп. Переломы позвонков являются одним из наиболее тяжелых осложнений остеопороза, поскольку приводят к снижению качества жизни, инвалидизации и повышенной смертности. Риск переломов позвонков увеличивается с возрастом, особенно у тех, кто уже имел перелом данной локализации. Для улучшения прогноза важны своевременное выявление и лечение пациентов с переломами позвонков, атакже профилактика новых переломов. Вместе с тем диагностика остеопоротических переломов позвонков представляет определенные трудности ввиду неоднозначности их клинических проявлений, что часто ведет к недостаточному выявлению, ошибочному диагнозу и, как следствие, к отсутствию адекватного лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора. Провести поиск литературы для оценки клинических симптомов остеопоротических переломов позвонков.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Не выявлено какого-либо отдельного высокоспецифичного и одновременно чувствительного клинического симптома остеопоротических переломов позвонков. Боль в спине остается относительно неспецифичным симптомом при переломах позвонков. Наиболее специфичные симптомы, связанные с изменением осанки и снижением роста, имеют высокую прогностическую ценность только при их выраженных изменениях. Так, переломы позвонков следует подозревать, если рост снизился более чем на 2,0 см за год или более чем 4,0 см за жизнь, если стоя спиной к стене без запрокидывания головы пациент не достает стены затылком или если расстояние «ребра–гребни подвздошных костей» меньше ширины двух пальцев. Наибольшее диагностическое значение имеют совокупность симптомов, выявленных при клиническом обследовании пациента, и оценка факторов риска c учетом показателей минеральной плотности костной ткани. При клиническом подозрении на перелом позвонка целесообразно выполнять рентгенографию грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника одновременно, так как локализация боли, указанная пациентом, может не соответствовать локализации перелома.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Osteoporosis is a common pathology among older age groups. Vertebral fractures are one of the most severe complications of osteoporosis, as they lead to a decrease in the quality of life, disability and increased mortality. The risk of vertebral fractures increases with age, especially in those who have already has a fracture of this localization. To improve the prognosis in this category of patients, early detection, treatment of patients with fractures, as well as prevention of new fractures, are important. At the same time, the diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures presents certain difficulties due to the variability of their clinical manifestations, which often leads to insufficient detection, wrong diagnosis and, as a consequence, to the lack of adequate treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the review</title><p>Purpose of the review. To conduct a literature search to evaluate the clinical diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. There was no single highly specific and at the same time sensitive clinical symptom of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Back pain remains a relatively nonspecific symptom in vertebral fractures. The most specific symptoms: kyphosis and height loss have a high predictive value only when they are significantly changed. Thus, vertebral fractures should be suspected if height decreased more than 2.0 cm per year or more than 4.0 cm per life, if the patient does not reach the wall with his head or if the «rib to pelvis» distance is two fingers or less. The combination of clinical symptoms with the assessment of risk factors and bone mineral density has the greatest clinical significance. If a vertebral fracture is clinically suspected, it is advisable to perform an X-ray of the thoracic and lumbar spine, since the localization of pain indicated by the patient may not correspond to the localization of the fracture.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>переломы позвонков</kwd><kwd>диагноз</kwd><kwd>клинические симптомы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>vertebral fractures</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>clinical symptoms</kwd><kwd>signs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евстигнеева Л.П., Лесняк О.М., Пивень А.И. Эпидемиология остеопоротических переломов позвоночника по данным рентгеноморфометрического анализа среди популяционной выборки жителей г. Екатеринбурга 50 лет истарше. Остеопороз иостеопатии. 2001. № 2. 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