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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2021-19-8-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-2110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические случаи применения иммунотерапии пембролизумабом у пациентов с немелкоклеточным раком легкого и высоким уровнем экспрессии PD-L1 в первой линии терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical cases of pembrolisumab immunotherapy treatment in patients with non-small lung cancer with high level of PD-L1 expression in fist line therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> клинический ординатор направления «онкология»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> clinical resident of ‘Oncology’ Direction</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красавина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasavina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> клинический ординатор направления «онкология»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> clinical resident of ‘Oncology’ Direction</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemieva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  Артемьева Елизавета Владимировна, врач онкологического химиотерапевтического отделения (противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии) биотерапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Artemyeva Elizaveta V., physician, Oncology Chemotherapy Dept (Anticancer Drug Therapy) Biotherapy</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-0241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдулоева</surname><given-names>Н. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abduloeva</surname><given-names>N. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Абдулоева Нуринисо Хамдуллоевна, к. м. н., зав. амбулаторно‑консультативным отделением</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Abduloeva Nuriniso H., PhD Med, head of Outpatient Consulting Dept</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жабина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhabina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Жабина Альбина Сергеевна, к. м. н., врач онкологическогохимиотерапевтического отделения (противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии) биотерапии , н. с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Zhabina Albina S., PhD Med, physician at Oncological Chemotherapy Dept (Antitumor Drug Therapy) of Biotherapy, researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-257X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Волков Никита Михайлович, к. м. н., начальник отделений химиотерапевтического и радиотерапевтического профилей</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Volkov Nikita M., PhD Med, head of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Depts</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2544-9042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеенко</surname><given-names>Ф. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseyenko</surname><given-names>F. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Моисеенко Федор Владимирович, д. м. н., доцент, зав. онкологическим химиотерапевтическим (противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии) и биотерапии отделением , проф. кафедры онкологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moiseenko Fedor V., DM Sci, associate professor, head of Oncological Chemotherapy (Antitumor Drug Therapy) and Biotherapy Dept, prof. at Dept of Oncology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи&#13;
(онкологический)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientifi and Practical Centre for Specialized Health Care (Oncological)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи&#13;
(онкологический)»; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientifi and Practical Centre for Specialized Health Care (Oncological); North-Western State Medical University n.a. I. I. Mechnikov; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи&#13;
(онкологический)»; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н. Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientifi and Practical Centre for Specialized Health Care (Oncological); North-Western State Medical University n.a. I. I. Mechnikov; National Medical Research Centre of Oncology n.a. N. N. Petrov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>19</issue><issue-title>Диагностика и онкотерапия (2)</issue-title><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецова О.А., Красавина М.А., Артемьева Е.В., Абдулоева Н.Х., Жабина А.С., Волков Н.М., Моисеенко Ф.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова О.А., Красавина М.А., Артемьева Е.В., Абдулоева Н.Х., Жабина А.С., Волков Н.М., Моисеенко Ф.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova O.A., Krasavina M.A., Artemieva E.V., Abduloeva N.H., Zhabina A.S., Volkov N.M., Moiseyenko F.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2110">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2110</self-uri><abstract><p>В Российской Федерации рак легкого является наиболее часто диагностируемым злокачественным новообразованием среди мужчин и четвертым в структуре заболеваемости среди женщин, также занимая лидирующую позицию в структуре смертности [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Немелкоклеточный рак (НМРЛ) составляет около 80 % всех опухолей легкого. В свою очередь, в структуре НМРЛ наиболее распространенными типами являются аденокарцинома (50 %) и плоскоклеточный рак легкого (30 %). Появление препаратов, основанных на блокировании иммунных контрольных точек, в частности PD-1 и PD-L1, изменило подходы к лечению НМРЛ. В настоящее время определение оптимальной тактики лечения для опухолей без активирующих мутаций основано на предсказании чувствительности опухоли к иммунотерапии. Оценка уровня экспрессии PD-L1 позволяет разделить пациентов с НМРЛ на несколько групп с различной чувствительностью к современным ингибиторам иммунных контрольных точек. Так, выделяют три группы: с негативной (≤ 1 %), промежуточной (1–49 %) и высокой (≥ 50 %) экспрессией PD-L1. К последней относятся 23–28 % пациентов с распространенной формой НМРЛ независимо от гистологической формы опухоли [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit3">3</xref>]. Есть также основания предполагать, что в ближайшее время будет выделена подгруппа больных с ультравысокой экспрессией (&gt; 75 %) PD-L1, у которой ожидается достигнуть максимального преимущества при назначении моноиммунотерапии. Пембролизумаб был одобрен для лечения распространенного НМРЛ с высоким уровнем экспрессии (PD-L1 ≥ 50 %) при отсутствии мутаций EGFR/ALK в первой линии терапии после публикации результатов рандомизированного клинического исследования III фазы KEYNOTE-024. В этом исследовании в группе монотерапии пембролизумабом медиана общей выживаемости составила 30,0 месяца по сравнению с 14,2 месяца при использовании стандартной платиносодержащей терапией [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit5">5</xref>]. Эти данные легли в основу регистрации первого безцитостатического режима у пациентов с НМРЛ без активирующих мутаций. Последующее исследование KEYNOTE-042 стало попыткой оценки эффекта пембролизумаба в более широкой группе пациентов – с позитивным уровнем экспрессии PD-L1 (PD-L1≥ 1 %; ≥ 20 %; ≥ 50 %). В целом результаты исследования оказались позитивными, однако многие авторы обратили внимание на то, что наибольший эффект от моноиммунотерапии пембролизумабом получают пациенты с высоким уровнем экспрессии PD-L1. Медиана общей выживаемости в данном исследовании составила 20,0 месяца в группе пембролизумаба и 12,2 месяца в группе химиотерапии для всех пациентов вне зависимости от PD-L1 статуса. В статье представлены два клинических случая применения ингибитора PD-L1 пембролизумаба у больных немелкоклеточным раком легкого и высоким уровнем экспрессии PD-L1.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In Russian Federation, lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor among men and the fourth in the structure of morbidity among women, also occupying a leading position in the structure of mortality [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Non-small cell cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80 % of all lung tumors. In turn, in the structure of NSCLC, the most common types are adenocarcinoma (50 %) and squamous cell lung cancer (30 %). The appearance of drugs based on blocking immune checkpoints, in particular PD-1 and PD-L1, has changed the approach to the treatment of NSCLC. Currently, the determination of the optimal tactics for treatment tumors without activated mutations is based on predicting the sensitivity of the tumor to immunotherapy. Evaluation of PD-L1 expression makes it possible to divide patients with NSCLC into several groups of the level of sensitivity to modern immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, three groups are distinguished: with negative (≤ 1 %), intermediate (1–49 %) and high (≥ 50 %) expression of PD-L1. The latter includes 23–28 % of patients with advanced NSCLC, regardless of the histological form of the tumor [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit3">3</xref>]. There are also reasons to believe that in the near future a subgroup of patients with ultra-high expression (&gt; 75 %) PD-L1 will be identifid, in which it is expected to achieve the maximum advantage from treatment with monoimmunotherapy. Pembrolizumab was approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC with high level of PD-L1 expression (≥ 50 %) with the absence of EGFR / ALK mutations in the fist line of therapy following the publication of the results of the randomized phase III clinical trial KEYNOTE-024. In this study, the median overall survival in the pembrolizumab monotherapy arm was 30.0 months compared with 14.2 months with standard platinum-containing therapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit5">5</xref>]. These data formed the basis for the registration of the fist cytostatic-free regimen in patients with NSCLC without activating mutations. The subsequent study KEYNOTE-042 was an attempt to assess the effect of pembrolizumab in a wider group of patients – with a positive level of PD-L1 expression (PD-L1 ≥ 1 %; ≥ 20 %; ≥ 50 %). In general, the results of the study were positive, but many authors drew attention to the fact that the greatest effect of monoimmunotherapy with pembrolizumab is obtained by patients with a high level of PD-L1 expression. Median overall survival in this study was 20.0 months in the pembrolizumab group and 12.2 months in the chemotherapy group for all patients regardless of PD-L1 status. In this article two clinical cases of the use of the PD-L1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and high levels of PD-L1 expression are presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>немелкоклеточный рак легкого</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>лекарственная терапия</kwd><kwd>высокий уровень PD‑L1 экспрессии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non‑small cell lung cancer</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>drug therapy</kwd><kwd>high level of PD‑L1 expression</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 Feb 4. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660. Epub ahead of print. 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