medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2021-14-21-25medalphabet-2057Research ArticleСтатьиЦереброваскулярные осложнения новой коронавирусной инфекции у лиц молодого и среднего возрастаCerebrovascular complications of novel coronavirus infection in young and middle-aged peoplehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-0073ОлимоваФ. З.OlimovaF. Z.

Олимова Фарахноз Зафаровна, аспирант кафедры

Санкт-Петербург

Olimova Farakhnoz Z., post‑graduate student

Saint Petersburg

farahnoz.zafarovna1994@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-0454КлочеваЕ. Г.KlochevaYe. G.

Клочева Елена Георгиевна, д.м.н. проф. кафедры

Санкт-Петербург

Klocheva Elena G., DM Sci, prof.

Saint Petersburg

klocheva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3272-7293ЛобзинС. В.LobzinS. V.

Лобзин Сергей Владимирович, д.м.н. проф., зав. кафедрой

Санкт-Петербург

Lobzin Sergey V., DM Sci, prof., head of dept.

Saint Petersburg

lobzin@szgmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9245-8067ГолдобинВ. В.GoldobinV. V.

Голдобин Виталий Витальевич, д.м.н., доцент кафедры

Санкт-Петербург

Goldobin Vitaly V., DM Sci, associate prof.

Saint Petersburg

vitalii.goldobin@szgmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7358-9691ПартавиМ. С.PartaviM. S.

Партави Мухиддин С., аспирант кафедры

Санкт-Петербург

Partavi Mukhiddin S., post‑graduate student

Saint Petersburg

partavi.muhiddin@mail.ruКафедра неврологии имени академика С. Н. Давиденкова ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияDepartment of Neurology n.a. acad. S. N. Davidenkov of North-Western State Medical University n.a. I. I. MechnikovRussian Federation202128062021014Неврология и психиатрия (2)2125Copyright © Олимова Ф.З., Клочева Е.Г., Лобзин С.В., Голдобин В.В., Партави М.С., 20212021Олимова Ф.З., Клочева Е.Г., Лобзин С.В., Голдобин В.В., Партави М.С.Olimova F.Z., Klocheva Y.G., Lobzin S.V., Goldobin V.V., Partavi M.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/2057

Новая коронавирусная инфекция (SARS‑CoV‑2), ставшая пандемией, имеет широкий спектр осложнений, в том числе со стороны нервной системы. Несмотря на то что пожилые люди с наличием сопутствующей патологии более подвержены риску развития осложнений на фоне перенесенного заболевания COVID‑19, в литературных источниках все чаще упоминается значимая связь между новой коронавирусной инфекцией и цереброваскулярными расстройствами у лиц молодого и среднего возраста. Развитие цереброваскулярных осложнений у лиц молодого и среднего возраста зависит не только от повреждающего влияния новой коронавирусной инфекции на макроорганизм, но и от ряда других факторов, в частности от генетической предрасположенности к тромбозам. Дальнейшее изучение возможного влияния новой коронавирусной инфекции на развитие цереброваскулярных осложнений, с учетом генетических факторов свертывающей системы крови у лиц молодого и среднего возраста, позволит обеспечить раннюю профилактику и своевременную коррекцию цереброваскулярных нарушений.

The novel coronavirus (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection manifested by a pandemic and has a wide range of complications, including the nervous system’s complications. Despite the fact that older people with comorbidities are more at risk of developing complications from the sequelae of previous COVID‑19 disease, a significant link between the novel coronavirus infection and cerebrovascular disorders in young and middle‑aged people is increasingly mentioned in the literature. The development of cerebrovascular complications in these people not only depends on the damaging effect of the novel coronavirus infection on the macroorganism, but also on a number of other factors, in particular, on the genetic factors of the blood coagulation system. Further study of the possible influence the novel coronavirus infection on the development of cerebrovascular complications, taking into account the genetic factors of the blood coagulation system in young and middle‑aged people will provide early prevention and timely correction of cerebrovascular disorders.

новая коронавирусная инфекциялица молодого и среднего возрастацереброваскулярные осложнениямолекулярно‑генетический анализ факторов риска тромбозаранняя диагностикаthe novel coronavirus infectionyoung and middle‑aged peoplecerebrovascular complicationsmolecular‑genetic analysis of risk factors for thrombosisearly diagnosisReferencesMohammad Rafi B., Ahmadreza E., Zahra K., Nasrin Sh., Parisa Z., Hamed D. Epidemio logical and clinical aspects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) outbreak based on global data: A review article. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System. 2020; 8: (3): 100–104. DOI: 10.30476/jhsss.2020.86851.1102.Mohammad Rafi B., Ahmadreza E., Zahra K., Nasrin Sh., Parisa Z., Hamed D. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) outbreak based on global data: A review article. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System. 2020; 8: (3): 100–104. DOI: 10.30476/jhsss.2020.86851.1102.W. Guan., Z. Ni., Yu Hu., W. Liang. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine April 30, 2020382 (18): 1708. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.W. Guan., Z. Ni., Yu Hu., W. Liang. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine April 30, 2020382 (18): 1708. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.Sahin A., Erdogan A., Mutlu Agaoglu P., Dineri Y., Cakirci A., Senel M., Okyay R., Tasdogan A. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID 19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature. EJMO. 2020; 4 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.14744/ejmo.2020.12220.Sahin A., Erdogan A., Mutlu Agaoglu P., Dineri Y., Cakirci A., Senel M., Okyay R., Tasdogan A. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID 19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature. EJMO. 2020; 4 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.14744/ejmo.2020.12220.Cowling Benjamin J., Leung Gabriel M. Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV) outbreak. Euro Surveill. 2020; 25 (6). DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.Cowling Benjamin J., Leung Gabriel M. Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV) outbreak. Euro Surveill. 2020; 25 (6). DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.Yushun Wan., Jian Shang., Rachel Graham., Ralph S., Fang Li. Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus. Journal of Virology Mar 2020, 94 (7): e00127–20; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20.Yushun Wan., Jian Shang., Rachel Graham., Ralph S., Fang Li. Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus. Journal of Virology Mar 2020, 94 (7): e00127–20; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20.Hancock A.S., Stairiker C.J., Boesteanu A.C., Monzón Casanova E., Lukasiak S., Mueller YM., Stubbs AP., García Sastre A., Turner M., Katsikis PD. Transcriptome Analysis of Infected and Bystander Type 2 Alveolar Epithelial Cells during Influenza A Virus Infection Reveals In Vivo Wnt Pathway Downregulation. J Virol. 2018 Oct 12; 92 (21): e01325–18. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01325-18.Hancock A.S., Stairiker C.J., Boesteanu A.C., Monzón Casanova E., Lukasiak S., Mueller YM., Stubbs AP., García Sastre A., Turner M., Katsikis PD. Transcriptome Analysis of Infected and Bystander Type 2 Alveolar Epithelial Cells during Influenza A Virus Infection Reveals In Vivo Wnt Pathway Downregulation. J Virol. 2018 Oct 12; 92 (21): e01325–18. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01325-18.Ho J.C., Chan K.N., Hu W.H., Lam W.K., Zheng L., Tipoe G.L., Sun J., Leung R., Tsang KW. The effect of aging on nasal mucociliary clearance, beat frequency, and ultrastructure of respiratory cilia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Mar; 163 (4): 983–8. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.9909121.Ho J.C., Chan K.N., Hu W.H., Lam W.K., Zheng L., Tipoe G.L., Sun J., Leung R., Tsang KW. The effect of aging on nasal mucociliary clearance, beat frequency, and ultrastructure of respiratory cilia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Mar; 163 (4): 983–8. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.9909121.Yao T.T., Qian J.D., Zhu W.Y., Wang Y., Wang G.Q. A systematic review of lopinavir therapy for SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus A possible reference for coronavirus disease 19 treatment option. J Med Virol. 2020 Jun; 92 (6): 556–563. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25729.8Yao T.T., Qian J.D., Zhu W.Y., Wang Y., Wang G.Q. A systematic review of lopinavir therapy for SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus A possible reference for coronavirus disease 19 treatment option. J Med Virol. 2020 Jun; 92 (6): 556–563. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25729.Zuo M.Z., Huang Y. G., Ma W. H., Xue Z. G., Zhang J. Q., Gong Y. H., Che L. Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Airway Management, Airway Management Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on. Expert Recommendations for Tracheal Intubation in Critically ill Patients with Noval Coronavirus Disease 2019. Chin Med Sci J. 2020 Feb 27; 35 (2): 105–9. DOI: 10.24920/003724.Zuo M.Z., Huang Y. G., Ma W. H., Xue Z. G., Zhang J. Q., Gong Y. H., Che L. Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Airway Management, Airway Management Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on. Expert Recommendations for Tracheal Intubation in Critically ill Patients with Noval Coronavirus Disease 2019. Chin Med Sci J. 2020 Feb 27; 35 (2): 105–9. DOI: 10.24920/003724.Xu J., Zhao S., Teng T., Abdalla AE., Zhu W., Xie L., Wang Y., Guo X. Systematic Com parison of Two Animal to Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS CoV 2 and SARS CoV. Viruses. 2020 Feb 22; 12 (2): 244. DOI: 10.3390/v12020244.Xu J., Zhao S., Teng T., Abdalla AE., Zhu W., Xie L., Wang Y., Guo X. Systematic Com parison of Two Animal to Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS CoV 2 and SARS CoV. Viruses. 2020 Feb 22; 12 (2): 244. DOI: 10.3390/v12020244.Wu Y., Xu X., Chen Z., Duan J., Hashimoto K., Yang L., Liu C., Yang C. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID 19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul; 87: 18–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031.Wu Y., Xu X., Chen Z., Duan J., Hashimoto K., Yang L., Liu C., Yang C. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID 19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul; 87: 18–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031.Wu Z., McGoogan J.M. Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020 Apr 7; 323 (13): 1239–1242. DOI: 10.1001/jama.Wu Z., McGoogan J.M. Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020 Apr 7; 323 (13): 1239–1242. DOI: 10.1001/jama.Opal S.M., Girard T.D., Ely E.W. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis in elderly patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 15; 41 Suppl 7: S504–12. DOI: 10.1086/432007.Opal S.M., Girard T.D., Ely E.W. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis in elderly patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 15; 41 Suppl 7: S504–12. DOI: 10.1086/432007.Shi P., Ren G., Yang J., Li Z., Deng S., Li M., Wang S., Xu X., Chen F., Li Y., Li C., Yang X., Xie Z., Wu Z., Chen M. Clinical characteristics of imported and second generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study. Epidemiol Infect. 2020 Sep 30; 148: e238. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268820002332.Shi P., Ren G., Yang J., Li Z., Deng S., Li M., Wang S., Xu X., Chen F., Li Y., Li C., Yang X., Xie Z., Wu Z., Chen M. Clinical characteristics of imported and second generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study. Epidemiol Infect. 2020 Sep 30; 148: e238. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268820002332.Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., Gu X., Cheng Z., Yu T., Xia J., Wei Y., Wu W., Xie X., Yin W., Li H., Liu M., Xiao Y., Gao H., Guo L., Xie J., Wang G., Jiang R., Gao Z., Jin Q., Wang J., Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15; 395 (10223): 497–506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., Gu X., Cheng Z., Yu T., Xia J., Wei Y., Wu W., Xie X., Yin W., Li H., Liu M., Xiao Y., Gao H., Guo L., Xie J., Wang G., Jiang R., Gao Z., Jin Q., Wang J., Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15; 395 (10223): 497–506. DOI: 10.1016/S0140–6736(20)30183–5.Simon de L., Jienchi D., Ana C., Nicholas J. Risk factors for SARS CoV 2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross sectional study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Volume 20, Issue 9, 2020, Pages 1034–1042. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30371-6.Simon de L., Jienchi D., Ana C., Nicholas J. Risk factors for SARS CoV 2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross sectional study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Volume 20, Issue 9, 2020, Pages 1034–1042. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30371-6.Hassan S.A., Sheikh F.N., Jamal S., Ezeh J.K., Akhtar A. Coronavirus (COVID 19): A Review of Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Cureus. 2020 Mar 21; 12 (3): e7355. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7355.Hassan S.A., Sheikh F.N., Jamal S., Ezeh J.K., Akhtar A. Coronavirus (COVID 19): A Review of Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Cureus. 2020 Mar 21; 12 (3): e7355. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7355.Goyal P., Choi J.J., Pinheiro L.C., Schenck E.J., Chen R., Jabri A., Satlin M.J, Campion T.R., Nahid M., Ringel J.B., Hoffman K.L., Alshak M.N., Li H.A., Wehmeyer G.T., Rajan M., Reshetnyak E., Hupert N., Horn E.M., Martinez F.J., Gulick R.M., Safford M.M. Clinical Characteristics of Covid 19 in New York City. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 11; 382 (24): 2372–2374. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2010419.Goyal P., Choi J.J., Pinheiro L.C., Schenck E.J., Chen R., Jabri A., Satlin M.J, Campion T.R., Nahid M., Ringel J.B., Hoffman K.L., Alshak M.N., Li H.A., Wehmeyer G.T., Rajan M., Reshetnyak E., Hupert N., Horn E.M., Martinez F.J., Gulick R.M., Safford M.M. Clinical Characteristics of Covid 19 in New York City. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 11; 382 (24): 2372–2374. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2010419.Grifoni A., Weiskopf D., Ramirez S.I., Mateus J., Dan J.M., Moderbacher C.R., Rawl ings S.A., Sutherland A., Premkumar L., Jadi R.S., Marrama D., de Silva A.M., Frazier A., Carlin A.F., Greenbaum J.A., Peters B., Krammer F., Smith D.M., Crotty S., Sette A. Tar gets of T Cell Responses to SARS CoV 2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID 19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals. Cell. 2020 Jun 25; 181 (7): 1489–1501. e15. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015.Grifoni A., Weiskopf D., Ramirez S.I., Mateus J., Dan J.M., Moderbacher C.R., Rawl ings S.A., Sutherland A., Premkumar L., Jadi R.S., Marrama D., de Silva A.M., Frazier A., Carlin A.F., Greenbaum J.A., Peters B., Krammer F., Smith D.M., Crotty S., Sette A. Tar gets of T Cell Responses to SARS CoV 2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID 19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals. Cell. 2020 Jun 25; 181 (7): 1489–1501. e15. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015.Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020 Apr; 87 (4): 281–286. DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020 Apr; 87 (4): 281–286. DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.Adhikari., Sasmita Poudel et al. “Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID 19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review.” Infectious diseases of poverty vol. 9,1 29. 17 Mar. 2020, DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x.Adhikari., Sasmita Poudel et al. “Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID 19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review.” Infectious diseases of poverty vol. 9,1 29. 17 Mar. 2020, DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x.Mukherjee S., Shreya., Kalipada Pahan. “Is COVID 19 Gender sensitive?.”Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology: the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology vol. 16,1 (2021): 38–47. DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09974-z.Mukherjee S., Shreya., Kalipada Pahan. “Is COVID 19 Gender sensitive?.”Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology: the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology vol. 16,1 (2021): 38–47. DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09974-z.Вознюк И.А., Ильина О.М., Коломенцев С.В. Ишемический инсульт как клиническая форма и патогенетическая модель в структуре поражения центральной нервной системы при COVID 19. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2020; 4 (98): 90–98. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078–1962–2020–98–4–90–98.Voznjouk I.A., Ilyina O.M., Kolomentsev S.V. Ischemic Stroke as a Clinical Form and Pathogenetic Model in the Structure of Сentral Nervous System Lesions in COVID 19. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2020; 4 (98): 90–98. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2020-98-4-90-98Tiwari A., Berekashvili K., Vulkanov V., Agarwal S., Khaneja A., Turkel Parella D., Liff J., Far kas J., Nandakumar T., Zhou T., Frontera J., Kahn D.E., Kim S., Humbert K.A., Sanger M.D., Yaghi S., Lord A., Arcot K., Dmytriw A.A. Etiologic Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in SARS CoV 2 Patients in a Cohort of New York City Hospitals. Front Neurol. 2020 Sep 17; 11: 1004. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01004.Tiwari A., Berekashvili K., Vulkanov V., Agarwal S., Khaneja A., Turkel Parella D., Liff J., Far kas J., Nandakumar T., Zhou T., Frontera J., Kahn D.E., Kim S., Humbert K.A., Sanger M.D., Yaghi S., Lord A., Arcot K., Dmytriw A.A. Etiologic Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in SARS CoV 2 Patients in a Cohort of New York City Hospitals. Front Neurol. 2020 Sep 17; 11: 1004. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01004.Khattar N.K., Sharma M., McCallum A.P., Oxford B.G., Zeb H., Suliman S.A., Sieg E.P., Mocco J., Neimat J.S., Zemmar A. Intracranial hemorrhage in a young COVID 19 patient. Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2020 Dec; 22: 100878. DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100878.Khattar N.K., Sharma M., McCallum A.P., Oxford B.G., Zeb H., Suliman S.A., Sieg E.P., Mocco J., Neimat J.S., Zemmar A. Intracranial hemorrhage in a young COVID 19 patient. Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2020 Dec; 22: 100878. DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100878.Mao L., Jin H., Wang M., Hu Y., Chen S., He Q., Chang J., Hong C., Zhou Y., Wang D., Miao X., Li Y., Hu B. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jun 1; 77 (6): 683–690. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127.Mao L., Jin H., Wang M., Hu Y., Chen S., He Q., Chang J., Hong C., Zhou Y., Wang D., Miao X., Li Y., Hu B. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jun 1; 77 (6): 683–690. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127.Pleasure S.J., Green A.J., Josephson S.A. The Spectrum of Neurologic Disease in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic Infection: Neurologists Move to the Frontlines. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jun 1; 77 (6): 679–680. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.Pleasure S.J., Green A.J., Josephson S.A. The Spectrum of Neurologic Disease in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic Infection: Neurologists Move to the Frontlines. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jun 1; 77 (6): 679–680. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.Niazkar H.R., Zibaee B., Nasimi A., Bahri N. The neurological manifestations of COVID 19: a review article. Neurol Sci. 2020 Jul; 41 (7): 1667–1671. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04486-3.Niazkar H.R., Zibaee B., Nasimi A., Bahri N. The neurological manifestations of COVID 19: a review article. Neurol Sci. 2020 Jul; 41 (7): 1667–1671. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04486-3.Wang H Y., Li X–L., Yan Z R., Sun X P., Han J., Zhang B W. Potential neurological symp toms of COVID 19. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. January 2020. DOI: 10.1177/1756286420917830Wang H Y., Li X–L., Yan Z R., Sun X P., Han J., Zhang B W. Potential neurological symp toms of COVID 19. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. January 2020. DOI: 10.1177/1756286420917830Mao L., Jin H., Wang M., Hu Y., Chen S., He Q., Chang J., Hong C., Zhou Y., Wang D., Miao X., Li Y., Hu B. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jun 1; 77 (6): 683–690. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127.Mao L., Jin H., Wang M., Hu Y., Chen S., He Q., Chang J., Hong C., Zhou Y., Wang D., Miao X., Li Y., Hu B. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jun 1; 77 (6): 683–690. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127.Mahammedi A., Saba L., Vagal A., et al. Imaging of Neurologic Disease in Hospitalized Patients with COVID 19: An Italian Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study. Radiology. 2020 Nov; 297 (2): E270–E273. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201933.Mahammedi A., Saba L., Vagal A., et al. Imaging of Neurologic Disease in Hospitalized Patients with COVID 19: An Italian Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study. Radiology. 2020 Nov; 297 (2): E270–E273. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201933.Chougar L., Shor N., Weiss N., Galanaud D., Leclercq D., Mathon B., Belkacem S., Ströer S., Burrel S., Boutolleau D., Demoule A., Rosso C., Delorme C., Seilhean D., Dormont D., Morawiec E., Raux M., Demeret S., Gerber S., Trunet S., Similowski T., Degos V., Rufat P., Corvol J.C., Lehéricy S., Pyatigorskaya N.; CoCo Neurosciences Study Group. Retro spective Observational Study of Brain MRI Findings in Patients with Acute SARS CoV 2 Infection and Neurologic Manifestations. Radiology. 2020 Dec; 297 (3): E313–E323. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020202422.Chougar L., Shor N., Weiss N., Galanaud D., Leclercq D., Mathon B., Belkacem S., Ströer S., Burrel S., Boutolleau D., Demoule A., Rosso C., Delorme C., Seilhean D., Dormont D., Morawiec E., Raux M., Demeret S., Gerber S., Trunet S., Similowski T., Degos V., Rufat P., Corvol J.C., Lehéricy S., Pyatigorskaya N.; CoCo Neurosciences Study Group. Retro spective Observational Study of Brain MRI Findings in Patients with Acute SARS CoV 2 Infection and Neurologic Manifestations. Radiology. 2020 Dec; 297 (3): E313–E323. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020202422.Yaghi S., Ishida K., Torres J., Mac Grory B., Raz E., Humbert K., Henninger N., Trivedi, T., Lillemoe K., Alam S., Sanger M., Kim S., Scher E., Dehkharghani S., Wachs, M., Tanweer O., Volpicelli F., Bosworth B., Lord A., & Frontera J. (2020). SARS CoV 2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System. Stroke, 51 (7), 2002–2011. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokea-ha.120.030335Yaghi S., Ishida K., Torres J., Mac Grory B., Raz E., Humbert K., Henninger N., Trivedi, T., Lillemoe K., Alam S., Sanger M., Kim S., Scher E., Dehkharghani S., Wachs, M., Tanweer O., Volpicelli F., Bosworth B., Lord A., & Frontera J. (2020). SARS CoV 2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System. Stroke, 51 (7), 2002–2011. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokea-ha.120.030335David E. Klein., Richard Libman., Claudia Kirsch and Rohan Arora. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Atypical Presentation of COVID 19 in the Young. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 29, Issue 12, December 2020, Pages 105222. doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104989.David E. Klein., Richard Libman., Claudia Kirsch and Rohan Arora. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Atypical Presentation of COVID 19 in the Young. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Volume 29, Issue 12, December 2020, Pages 105222. doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104989.Oxley T. J. et al. Large vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid 19 in the young. New England Journal of Medicine 2020; 382: e60. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2009787.Oxley T. J. et al. Large vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid 19 in the young. New England Journal of Medicine 2020; 382: e60. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2009787.Fridman S., Bres Bullrich M., Jimenez Ruiz A., Costantini P., Shah P., Just C., Vela Duarte D., Linfante I., Sharifi Razavi A., Karimi N., Bagur R., Debicki D.B., Gofton T.E., Steven D.A., Sposato L.A. Stroke risk, phenotypes, and death in COVID 19: Systematic review and newly reported cases. Neurology. 2020 Dec 15; 95 (24): e3373–e3385. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010851.Fridman S., Bres Bullrich M., Jimenez Ruiz A., Costantini P., Shah P., Just C., Vela Duarte D., Linfante I., Sharifi Razavi A., Karimi N., Bagur R., Debicki D.B., Gofton T.E., Steven D.A., Sposato L.A. Stroke risk, phenotypes, and death in COVID 19: Systematic review and newly reported cases. Neurology. 2020 Dec 15; 95 (24): e3373–e3385. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010851.McCarthy C.P., Raber I., Chapman A.R., Sandoval Y., Apple F.S, Mills N.L., Januzzi J.L. Jr. Myocardial Injury in the Era of High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays: A Practical Approach for Clinicians. JAMA Cardiol. 2019 Oct 1; 4 (10): 1034–1042. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.McCarthy C.P., Raber I., Chapman A.R., Sandoval Y., Apple F.S, Mills N.L., Januzzi J.L. Jr. Myocardial Injury in the Era of High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays: A Practical Approach for Clinicians. JAMA Cardiol. 2019 Oct 1; 4 (10): 1034–1042. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.Scheitz J.F., Nolte C.H., Laufs U., Endres M. Application and interpretation of high sen sitivity cardiac troponin assays in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2015 Apr; 46 (4): 1132–40. DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.007858.Scheitz J.F., Nolte C.H., Laufs U., Endres M. Application and interpretation of high sen sitivity cardiac troponin assays in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2015 Apr; 46 (4): 1132–40. DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.007858.Хаханова О.Н., Скороходов А.П., Куташов В.А., Ульянова О.В. Кардиоэмболический инсульт: факторы риска, прогноз, вторичная профилактика. Саратовский научно медицинский журнал, 13 (1), 187–192.Khakhanova O.N., Skorokhodov A.P., Kutashov V.A., Ulyanova O.V. Cardioembolic stroke: risk factors, forecast, secondary prevention. Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research 2017; 13 (1): 187–192.Kochi A.N., Tagliari A.P., Forleo G.B., Fassini G.M., Tondo C. Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID 19. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2020 May; 31 (5): 1003–1008. DOI: 10.1111/jce.14479.Kochi A.N., Tagliari A.P., Forleo G.B., Fassini G.M., Tondo C. Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID 19. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2020 May; 31 (5): 1003–1008. DOI: 10.1111/jce.14479.Goldberg M.F., Goldberg M. F., Cerejo R., Tayal A. H. Cerebrovascular Disease in COVID 19. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 Jul; 41 (7): 1170–1172. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6588.Goldberg M.F., Goldberg M. F., Cerejo R., Tayal A. H. Cerebrovascular Disease in COVID 19. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020 Jul; 41 (7): 1170–1172. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6588.Dimitrios G., Ioannis A., Panagiota G. Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID 19, SARS CoV 1, MERS CoV and lessons from the past. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2020. Volume 127, 104362. Doi.org/10.1016/jDimitrios G., Ioannis A., Panagiota G. Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID 19, SARS CoV 1, MERS CoV and lessons from the past. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2020. Volume 127, 104362. Doi.org/10.1016/jGupta N., Zhao Y.Y., Evans C.E. The stimulation of thrombosis by hypoxia. Thromb Res. 2019 Sep; 181: 77–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.013.Gupta N., Zhao Y.Y., Evans C.E. The stimulation of thrombosis by hypoxia. Thromb Res. 2019 Sep; 181: 77–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.013.Han H., Yang L., Liu R., Liu F., Wu K.L., Li J., Liu X.H., Zhu C.L. Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS CoV 2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020 Jun 25; 58 (7): 1116–1120. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0188.Han H., Yang L., Liu R., Liu F., Wu K.L., Li J., Liu X.H., Zhu C.L. Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS CoV 2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020 Jun 25; 58 (7): 1116–1120. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0188.Tan L., Wang Q., Zhang D., Ding J., Huang Q., Tang Y.Q., Wang Q., Miao H. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID 19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020 Mar 27; 5 (1): 33. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4.Tan L., Wang Q., Zhang D., Ding J., Huang Q., Tang Y.Q., Wang Q., Miao H. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID 19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020 Mar 27; 5 (1): 33. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4.Helms J., Kremer S., Merdji H., Clere Jehl R., Schenck M., Kummerlen C., Collange O., Boulay C., Fafi Kremer S., Ohana M., Anheim M., Meziani F. Neurologic Features in Severe SARS CoV 2 Infection. N Engl J. Med. 2020 Jun 4; 382 (23): 2268–2270. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2008597.Helms J., Kremer S., Merdji H., Clere Jehl R., Schenck M., Kummerlen C., Collange O., Boulay C., Fafi Kremer S., Ohana M., Anheim M., Meziani F. Neurologic Features in Severe SARS CoV 2 Infection. N Engl J. Med. 2020 Jun 4; 382 (23): 2268–2270. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2008597.Merkler A.E., Parikh N.S., Mir S., Gupta A., Kamel H., Lin E., Lantos J., Schenck E.J., Goyal P., Bruce S.S., Kahan J., Lansdale K.N., LeMoss N.M., Murthy S.B., Stieg P.E., Fink M.E., Iadecola C., Segal A.Z., Cusick M., Campion T.R Jr., Diaz I., Zhang C., Navi B.B. Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) vs Patients With Influenza. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jul 2; 77 (11): 1–7. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2730.Merkler A.E., Parikh N.S., Mir S., Gupta A., Kamel H., Lin E., Lantos J., Schenck E.J., Goyal P., Bruce S.S., Kahan J., Lansdale K.N., LeMoss N.M., Murthy S.B., Stieg P.E., Fink M.E., Iadecola C., Segal A.Z., Cusick M., Campion T.R Jr., Diaz I., Zhang C., Navi B.B. Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) vs Patients With Influenza. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Jul 2; 77 (11): 1–7. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2730.Katz J.M., Libman R. B., Wang J. J., Sanelli P., Filippi C. G., Gribko M., Pacia S. V., Kuzniecky R.I., Najjar S., Azhar S. Cerebrovascular Complications of COVID 19. Stroke. 2020 Sep; 51 (9): e227–e231. DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031265.Katz J.M., Libman R. B., Wang J. J., Sanelli P., Filippi C. G., Gribko M., Pacia S. V., Kuzniecky R.I., Najjar S., Azhar S. Cerebrovascular Complications of COVID 19. Stroke. 2020 Sep; 51 (9): e227–e231. DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031265.Jenny N.S., Callas P.W., Judd S.E., McClure L.A., Kissela B., Zakai N.A., Cushman M. In flammatory cytokines and ischemic stroke risk: The REGARDS cohort. Neurology. 2019 May 14; 92 (20): e2375–e2384. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007416.Jenny N.S., Callas P.W., Judd S.E., McClure L.A., Kissela B., Zakai N.A., Cushman M. In flammatory cytokines and ischemic stroke risk: The REGARDS cohort. Neurology. 2019 May 14; 92 (20): e2375–e2384. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007416.Luo P., Liu Y., Qiu L., Liu X., Liu D., Li J. Tocilizumab treatment in COVID 19: A single center experience. J Med Virol. 2020 Jul; 92 (7): 814–818. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25801.Luo P., Liu Y., Qiu L., Liu X., Liu D., Li J. Tocilizumab treatment in COVID 19: A single center experience. J Med Virol. 2020 Jul; 92 (7): 814–818. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25801.Панкова Е.Д. Особенности развития ишемического инсульта у пациентки молодого возраста (клинический случай). Е.Д. Панкова, С.С. Бойко. Вестник СМУС74. 2016. No. 3. С. 54–58.Pankova Ye.D. Peculiarties of ischemic stroke in young female patient (clinical case). Ye.D. Pankova, S.S. Boiko. Bulletin SMUS74. 2016. No 3. P. 54–58.Калашникова Л.А. Ишемический инсульт в молодом возрасте. Л.А. Калашникова, Л.А. Добрынина, Л.Н. Павлова. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2011. No. 3. С. 4–8.Dobrynina L.A., Kalashnikova L.A., Pavlova L.N. Ischemic stroke at a young age. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. S.S. Korsakov. 2011. V. 111. No. 3. P. 4–8.Чев Л.П. Особенности клиники и диагностики тромбозов церебральных сосудов: авт. Первый С. Петерб. гос. мед. ун т им. акад. И.П Павлова, 2015. C. 20.Chev L.P Features of the clinic and diagnosis of thrombosis of cerebral vessels: abs. First St. Petersburg State Med. Univ.n.a. acad. Pavlov, 2015. P. 20.Garaci F., Di Giuliano F., Picchi E., Da Ros V., Floris R. Venous cerebral thrombosis in COVID 19 patient. J Neurol Sci. 2020; 414: 116871. DOI: 10.1016/j.Garaci F., Di Giuliano F., Picchi E., Da Ros V., Floris R. Venous cerebral thrombosis in COVID 19 patient. J Neurol Sci. 2020; 414: 116871. DOI: 10.1016/j.Куташов В.А. Неврологические проявления у больных с антифосфолипидным синдромом. В.А. Куташов. Учебно методические рекомендации. Воронеж: ВГМУ, 2016. 92 с.Kutashov V.A. Neurological manifestations in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. V. A. Kutashov. Educational and methodical recommendations. Voronezh: VSMU, 2016. P. 92.Туаршева С.М. Определение факторов риска тромбоза и состояние тромбоцитарного гемостаза у пациентов с патологической извитостью магистральных артерий головы. Е.Г. Клочева, В.В. Голдобин. Актуальные проблемы медицины. 2011. № 4. C. 99.Tuarsheva S.M. Determination of risk factors for thrombosis and the state of platelet hemostasis in patients with pathological tortuosity of the main arteries of the head. E.G. Klocheva., V.V. Goldobin. Actual problems of medicine. 2011. No. 4. P. 99.Connors J.M., Levy J.H. Thromboinflammation and the hypercoagulability of COVID 19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Jul; 18 (7): 1559–1561. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14849.Connors J.M., Levy J.H. Thromboinflammation and the hypercoagulability of COVID 19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Jul; 18 (7): 1559–1561. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14849.Долгова Н.И. Особенности течения и лечения инсультов при COVID 19. Н.И. Долгова. Вселенная мозга. 2020. № 4. С. 32–34.Dolgova N.I. Features of the course and treatment of strokes with Covid 19. N.I Dolgova. Universe of the brain. 2020. No. 4. P. 32–34.Путилина М. В. Особенности комбинированной нейропротекторной терапии острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения. РМЖ; 2009, 4: 261–266.Putilina M.V. Features of combined neuroprotective therapy for acute disorders of cerebral circulation. Breast cancer; 2009, 4: 261–266.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.