<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2021-1-66-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-1954</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМОРБИДНЫЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMORBIDITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность коморбидности при хроническом вирусном гепатите С</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence of comorbidity in chronic HCV‑infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-1993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эсауленко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esaulenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эсауленко Елена Владимировна, д. м. н., проф., зав. кафедрой инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии, зав. лабораторией вирусных гепатитов. SPIN-код: 6210–0424, ID: 486764</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Esaulenko Elena V.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eve-gpmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-4328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новак</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novak</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новак Ксения Егоровна, к. м. н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии. SPIN-код: 4026–3720, ID: 738453</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novak Kseniya E.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kseniya.novak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Basina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Басина Валентина Владимировна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии. ID: 738454738453</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Basina Valentina V.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.basina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-7860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дземова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzemova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дземова Александра Андреевна, очный аспирант, ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии. SPIN-код: 6301–6604, ID: 738457</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzemova Alexandra A.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dzemovaalexandra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ганченко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ganchenko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ганченко Роман Анатольевич, аспирант кафедры инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ganchenko Roman A.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">r.ganchenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Saint Petersburg Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. Pasteur</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Коморбидные состояния (1)</issue-title><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эсауленко Е.В., Новак К.Е., Басина В.В., Дземова А.А., Ганченко Р.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эсауленко Е.В., Новак К.Е., Басина В.В., Дземова А.А., Ганченко Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Esaulenko E.V., Novak K.E., Basina V.V., Dzemova A.A., Ganchenko R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1954">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1954</self-uri><abstract><p>Влияние коморбидного фона на течение инфекционного процесса при хронической HCV-инфекции требует изучения ввиду существования риска прогрессирования фиброза печени даже после эрадикации вируса на фоне сопутствующих заболеваний. Материалы и методы. В статье представлен анализ распространенности коморбидных состояний у 700 пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С (ХГС), наблюдаемых с 2013 по 2019 год в дневном стационаре Санкт-Петербургского ГБУЗ «Клиническая инфекционная больница им. Боткина», и дана оценка возможного влияния сопутствующей патологии на течение инфекционного процесса. Для определения вклада сопутствующей патологии на течение HCV-инфекции рассчитаны параметры отношения шансов (OR). Результаты. Установлено, что пациенты с ХГС имеют высокую распространенность коморбидности (63 %) и мультиморбидности (50 %). У пациентов с резко выраженным фиброзом или циррозом наличие фактора коморбидности увеличивалось до 85 %. В обследуемой группе пациентов преобладали болезни желчевыводящих путей (ЖВП) и поджелудочной железы (ПЖ) (30,0 %), у 19,0 % выявлен скрытый гепатит В, у 15,4 % – сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ), у 13,7 % – болезни верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ). Сахарный диабет (СД) 2 типа встречался у 4,6 % пациентов, а ожирение – у 5,9 %, болезни почек – у 3,0 %. Остальные сопутствующие заболевания регистрировались менее чем у 2,0 % наблюдаемых пациентов. Установлено, что заболевания ЖВП, ПЖ, ЖКТ, СД, ожирение, ССЗ являются факторами риска развития фиброза печени при хронической HCV-инфекции.Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости персонифицированного подхода к наблюдению пациентов и необходимости создания интегрированных моделей оказания медицинской помощи больным ХГС.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The effect of the comorbid background on the course of the infectious process in chronic HCV infection requires study due to the existence of a risk of progression of liver fibrosis even after the eradication of the virus against the background of concomitant diseases.Material and methods. The article analyzes the prevalence of various comorbid conditions in 700 patients with chronic HCV infection, who were observed in the hospital of the Botkin in St. Petersburg, an assessment of the mutual influence of the comorbid background and the progression of liver fibrosis in HCV infection was given. To determine the contribution of comorbidity to the course of HCV infection, the odds ratio (OR) parameters were calculated.Results. HCV-infected individuals have higher prevalence of comorbidity (63 %) and multimorbidity (50 %). In patients with severe fibrosis or cirrhosis, the presence of the comorbidity factor increased to 85 %. In the examined group of patients, diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas prevailed (30.0 %), occult Hepatitis B Infection was revealed in 19.0 %, in 15.4 % – cardiovascular diseases, in 13.7 % – diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Diabetes mellitus was found in 4.6 % of patients, and obesity – in 5.9 %, kidney disease – 3.0 %. The remaining concomitant diseases occurred in less than 2.0 % of the observed patients. It has been established that diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases are risk factors for the development of liver fibrosis in chronic HCV infection.Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the need for a more personalized approach to monitoring patients and the need to create integrated models of medical care for patients with chronic hepatitis C.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ХГС</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>прогрессирование фиброза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic viral hepatitis C</kwd><kwd>comorbid factors</kwd><kwd>progression of fibrosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жданов К. В., Козлов К. В., Сукачев В. С., Захаренко С. М., Карякин С. С., Саулевич А. В., Лобзин Д. Ю., Яременко М. В., Иванов К. С., Ляшенко Ю. И., Карев В. Е., Захаркив Ю. Ф., Буланьков Ю. И. Элиминация HCV-инфекции: история с продолжением. Журнал инфектологии. 2018; 10 (4): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.22625/2072–6732–2018–10–4–6–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhdanov K. V., Kozlov K. V., Sukachev V. S., Zaharenko S. M., Karyakin S. S., Saulevich A. V., Lobzin D. Yu., Yaryemenko M. V., Ivanov K. S., Lyashenko Yu.I., Karev V. E., Zaharkiv Yu.F., Bulan’kov Yu. I. Elimination of HCV-infection: a history with continuation. Journal of Infectology. 2018. 10 (4): 6–13. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper C. L., Galanakis C., Donelle J., Kwong J. C., Boyd R., Boucher L., Kendall C. E. HCV-infected individuals have higher prevalence of comorbidity and multimorbidity: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 19 (1): 712. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879–019–4315–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper C. L., Galanakis C., Donelle J., Kwong J. C., Boyd R., Boucher L., Kendall C. E. HCV-infected individuals have higher prevalence of comorbidity and multimorbidity: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 19 (1): 712. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879–019–4315–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Francesco Negro. Facts and fictions of HCV and comorbidities: steatosis, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. J Hepatol. 2014; 61 (1): 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Francesco Negro. Facts and fictions of HCV and comorbidities: steatosis, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. J Hepatol. 2014; 61 (1): 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новак К. Е. Клинико-морфологическая характеристика субкомпенсированного и декомпенсированного цирроза печени вирусной этиологии. Педиатр. 2011; 11 (2): 47–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novak K. E. Clinical and morphological characteristics of subcompensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis of viral etiology. Pediatrician. 2011. 11 (2): 47–52. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuna L., Jakab J., Smolic R., Wu GY, Smolic M. HCV Extrahepatic Manifestations. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2019; 7 (2): 172–182. https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2018.00049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuna L., Jakab J., Smolic R., Wu GY, Smolic M. HCV Extrahepatic Manifestations. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2019; 7 (2): 172–182. https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2018.00049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan FM., Chen A. S., Hao F., Zhao X. P., Gu Ch.H., Zhao L. B., Yang D. L., Hao L. J. Hepatitis C virus may infect extrahepatic tissues in patients with hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol. 2000; 6 (6): 805–811. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v6.i6.805</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan FM., Chen A. S., Hao F., Zhao X. P., Gu Ch.H., Zhao L. B., Yang D. L., Hao L. J. Hepatitis C virus may infect extrahepatic tissues in patients with hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol. 2000; 6 (6): 805–811. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v6.i6.805</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вирусные гепатиты в Российской Федерации. Аналитический обзор. Выпуск 11. Под ред. В. И. Покровского, А. А. Тотоляна. СПб.: ФБУН НИИЭМ. имени Пастера, 2018. 112 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viral hepatitis in the Russian Federation. An analytical review. Ussue 11. Ed. V. I. Pokrovsky, A. A. Totolian. SPb: Saint-Petersburg Paster Institute, 2018. 112 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babinets L. S., Shaihen O. R., Homyn H. O., Halabitska I. M. Specific aspects of clinical course in case of combination of chronic pancreatitis and concomitant viral hepatitis. Wiad Lek. 2019; 72 (4): 595–599.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babinets L. S., Shaihen O. R., Homyn H. O., Halabitska I. M. Specific aspects of clinical course in case of combination of chronic pancreatitis and concomitant viral hepatitis. Wiad Lek. 2019; 72 (4): 595–599.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acalovschi M., Buzas C., Radu C., Grigorescu M. Hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for gallstone disease: a prospective hospital-based study of patients with chronic viral C hepatitis. J Viral Hepat. 2009; 16 (12): 860–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365–2893.2009.01141.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acalovschi M., Buzas C., Radu C., Grigorescu M. Hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for gallstone disease: a prospective hospital-based study of patients with chronic viral C hepatitis. J Viral Hepat. 2009; 16 (12): 860–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365–2893.2009.01141.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wijarnpreecha K., Thongprayoon Ch., Panjawatanan P., Lekuthai N., Ungprasert P. Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of gallstones: A meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med. 2017; 10(4): 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wijarnpreecha K., Thongprayoon Ch., Panjawatanan P., Lekuthai N., Ungprasert P. Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of gallstones: A meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med. 2017; 10(4): 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Labenz С., Huber Y., Kalliga E., Nagel M., Ruckes C., Straub B. K., Galle P. R., Wörns M-A, Anstee Q. M., Schuppan D., Schattenberg J. M. Predictors of advanced fibrosis in non-cirrhotic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Germany. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018; 48 (10): 1109–1116. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Labenz С., Huber Y., Kalliga E., Nagel M., Ruckes C., Straub B. K., Galle P. R., Wörns M-A, Anstee Q. M., Schuppan D., Schattenberg J. M. Predictors of advanced fibrosis in non-cirrhotic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Germany. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018; 48 (10): 1109–1116. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cherkashchenko N. A., Livzan M.A, Krolevets T. S. Clinical features of the comorbid course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gallstone disease. Ter Arkh. 2020; 92 (8): 29–36. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.08.000764.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherkashchenko N. A., Livzan M.A, Krolevets T. S. Clinical features of the comorbid course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gallstone disease. Ter Arkh. 2020; 92 (8): 29–36. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.08.000764.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coppola N, Onorato L, Pisaturo M, Macera M, Sagnelli C, Martini S, Sagnelli E. Role of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21 (42): 11931–40. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.11931.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coppola N, Onorato L, Pisaturo M, Macera M, Sagnelli C, Martini S, Sagnelli E. Role of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21 (42): 11931–40. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.11931.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habibollahi P., Safari S., Daryani N. E., Alavian S. M. Occult Hepatitis B Infection and its Possible Impact on Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2009; 15 (4): 220–224. DOI: 10.4103/1319–3767.56089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habibollahi P., Safari S., Daryani N. E., Alavian S. M. Occult Hepatitis B Infection and its Possible Impact on Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2009; 15 (4): 220–224. DOI: 10.4103/1319–3767.56089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dore M. P., Mura D., Deledda S., Maragkoudakis E., Pironti A., Realdi G. Active peptic ulcer disease in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis: the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and portal hypertensive gastropathy. Can J Gastroenterol. 2004; 18 (8): 521–4. DOI: 10.1155/2004/150674.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dore M. P., Mura D., Deledda S., Maragkoudakis E., Pironti A., Realdi G. Active peptic ulcer disease in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis: the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and portal hypertensive gastropathy. Can J Gastroenterol. 2004; 18 (8): 521–4. DOI: 10.1155/2004/150674.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J., Li W. T., Zheng Y. X., Zhao S. S., Li N., Huang Y., Zhou R. R., Huang Z. B., Fan X. G. The Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Chronic Hepatitis C: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016; 2016: 8780695. DOI: 10.1155/2016/8780695.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J., Li W. T., Zheng Y. X., Zhao S. S., Li N., Huang Y., Zhou R. R., Huang Z. B., Fan X. G. The Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Chronic Hepatitis C: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016; 2016: 8780695. DOI: 10.1155/2016/8780695.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung J. W., Choi H. Y., Ki M., Jang E. S., Jeong S. H. Comorbidities and Prescribed Medications in Korean Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study. Gut Liver. 2020. DOI: 10.5009/gnl19387.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung J. W., Choi H. Y., Ki M., Jang E. S., Jeong S. H. Comorbidities and Prescribed Medications in Korean Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study. Gut Liver. 2020. DOI: 10.5009/gnl19387.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C. 2018. J. Hepatol. 2018, Vol. 69, No. 2. pp. 461–511. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C. 2018. J. Hepatol. 2018, Vol. 69, No. 2. pp. 461–511. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vezali E., Elefsiniotis I., Mihas C., Konstantinou E., Saroglou G. Thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis C: virus- or therapy-related? J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2009; 24 (6): 1024–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vezali E., Elefsiniotis I., Mihas C., Konstantinou E., Saroglou G. Thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis C: virus- or therapy-related? J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2009; 24 (6): 1024–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никонорова М.А, Лубская Н. С., Волчкова Е. В., Немилостива Е. А., Ма трос О. И. Варианты патологии щитовидной железы у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом C. Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. 2017; 22 (4): 172–177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560–9529–2017–22–4–172–177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikonorova M. A., Lubskaya N. S., Volchkova E. V., Nemilostiva E. A. Variants of thyroid gland pathology in chronic hepatitis C Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2017; 22 (4): 172–177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vernon G., Baranova A., Younossi Z. M. Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohep atitis in adults. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2011. 34: 274–285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vernon G., Baranova A., Younossi Z. M. Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohep atitis in adults. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2011. 34: 274–285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В. Т., Драпкина О. М., Маев И. В., Трухманов А. С., Блинов Д. В., Пальгова Л. К., Цуканов В. В., Ушакова Т. И. Распространенность неалкоголь ной жировой болезни печени у пациентов амбулаторно-поликлинической практики в Российской Федерации: результаты исследования DIREG 2. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2016; 25 (6): 31–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V. T., Drapkina O. M., Mayev I. V., Trukhmanov A. S., D. V. Blinov D. V., L. K. Palgova L. K., Tsukanov V. V., Ushakova T. I. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in out-patients of the Russian Federation: DIREG 2 study results. The Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016; 25 (6): 31–41 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новак К. Е., Карев В. Е., Дунаева Н. В., Эсауленко Е. В. Постмортальная мор фологическая характеристика печени больных хроническими вирусными гепатитами с клиническими признаками цирроза. Российский медицин ский журнал. 2011. № 2. С. 8–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novak K. E., Karev V. E., Dunaeva N. V., Esaulenko E. V. Postmortem morpholog ical characteristics in patients with chronic viral hepatitis with clinical signs of cirrhosis Russian Medical Journal, No. 2, 2011, P. 8–11 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fabrizi F., Donato F. M., Messa P. Association between Hepatitis C Virus and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Annals of Hepatology. 2018; 17 (3): 364–391. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fabrizi F., Donato F. M., Messa P. Association between Hepatitis C Virus and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Annals of Hepatology. 2018; 17 (3): 364–391. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7382</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pol S., Vallet-Pichard A., Hermine O. Extrahepatic cancers and chronic HCV infection. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018; 15 (5): 283–290. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pol S., Vallet-Pichard A., Hermine O. Extrahepatic cancers and chronic HCV infection. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018; 15 (5): 283–290. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masarone M, Persico M. Hepatitis C virus infection and non-hepatocellular malignancies in the DAA era: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int. 2019. 39 (7): 1292–1306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masarone M, Persico M. Hepatitis C virus infection and non-hepatocellular malignancies in the DAA era: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int. 2019. 39 (7): 1292–1306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cacoub P., Comarmond C., Domont F., Savey L., Desbois AC, Saadoun D. Ex trahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2016. 3 (1): 3–14. DOI: 10.1177/2049936115585942.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cacoub P., Comarmond C., Domont F., Savey L., Desbois AC, Saadoun D. Ex trahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2016. 3 (1): 3–14. DOI: 10.1177/2049936115585942.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novak K. E., Karev V. E., Dunaeva N. V., Esaulenko E. V. Comparative morpholog ical characterization of viral and viral-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (based on autopsy data). Vestnik NovSU. 2011. No. 62. P. 137–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novak K. E., Karev V. E., Dunaeva N. V., Esaulenko E. V. Comparative morpholog ical characterization of viral and viral-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (based on autopsy data). Vestnik NovSU. 2011. No. 62. P. 137–140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adinolfi L. E., Nevola R., Lus G., Restivo L., Guerrera B., Romano C., Zampino R., Rinaldi L., Sellitto A., Giordano M., Marrone A. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and neurological and psychiatric disorders: an overview. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21 (8): 2269–80. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i8.2269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adinolfi L. E., Nevola R., Lus G., Restivo L., Guerrera B., Romano C., Zampino R., Rinaldi L., Sellitto A., Giordano M., Marrone A. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and neurological and psychiatric disorders: an overview. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21 (8): 2269–80. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i8.2269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
