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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2020-32-45-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-1823</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейрофизиологические методы идентификации светочувствительности при юношеской миоклонической эпилепсиии (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neurophysiological methods of photosensitivity identification in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач ординатор кафедры нервных болезней с курсом ПО</p><p>г. Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнайдер</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnayder</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, ведущий науч. сотрудник, отделение персонализированной психиатрии и неврологии</p><p>г. Красноярск; г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk; St.-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитренко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой медицинской генетики и клинической нейрофизиологии Института последипломного образования</p><p>г. Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Народова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Narodova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., ассистент кафедры нервных болезней</p><p>г. Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насырова</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasyrova</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., главный научный сотрудник, руководитель отделения персонализированной психиатрии и неврологии</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St.-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого (КрасГМУ им. проф. В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky KrasSMU)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого (КрасГМУ им. проф. В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого); Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В. М. Бехтерева (НМИЦ ПН им. В. М. Бехтерева)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky KrasSMU); Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology (V. M. Bekhterev NMRC PN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В. М. Бехтерева (НМИЦ ПН им. В. М. Бехтерева)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology (V. M. Bekhterev NMRC PN)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>32</issue><issue-title>Современная функциональная диагностика (4)</issue-title><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петров К.В., Шнайдер Н.А., Дмитренко Д.В., Народова Е.А., Насырова Р.Ф., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров К.В., Шнайдер Н.А., Дмитренко Д.В., Народова Е.А., Насырова Р.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov K.V., Shnayder N.A., Dmitrenko D.V., Narodova E.A., Nasyrova R.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1823">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1823</self-uri><abstract><p>К настоящему времени показано, что юношеская миоклоническая эпилепсия (ЮМЭ) является распространенной формой генетической (идиопатической) генерализованной эпилепсии. Изучение нейрофизиологических факторов, ингибирующих и провоцирующих светочувствительность на электроэнцефалограмме (ЭЭГ), при ЮМЭ расширяют наше представление об этом заболевании, что важно для диагностики, лечения и прогноза.</p><p>Целью настоящего обзора является анализ нейрофизиологических методик, ингибирующих и провоцирующих светочувствительность на ЭЭГ у пациентов с ЮМЭ.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Нами проведен поиск полнотекстовых публикаций на русском и английском языках за последнее два десятилетия в базах данных eLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, OxfordPress, Springer, Clinicalkeys с использованием ключевых слов: юношеская миоклоническая эпилепсия (ЮМЭ), диагностика, нейрофизиология, электроэнцефалография (ЭЭГ), открытие глаз, фотостимуляция, чувствительность к закрытию глаз, фотопароксизмальный ответ (ФПО), эпилепсия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В настоящее время, зрительные триггеры, такие как закрытие глаз, чувствительность к закрытию глаз/снятию фиксации, отличные от светочувствительности, рутинно используются при проведении ЭЭГ у пациентов с ЮМЭ, но редко научно исследуются при данной патологии. Однако показано, что чувствительность к закрытию глаз присутствует у 15–25 % пациентов с ЮМЭ. Триггерная фотостимуляция наиболее эффективна для выявления фоточувствительности при ЮМЭ по сравнению с интермиттирующей (ритмической) фотостимуляцией. Частота встречаемости фоточувствительности у пациентов с ЮМЭ вариабельна — от 30 % до 54 %. Точные механизмы этих феноменов до настоящего времени неизвестны. Предполагается, что чувствительность к закрытию глаз и фоточувствительность являются выражением гипервозбудимости затылочной коры головного мозга при ЮМЭ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проанализированные нейрофизиологические и электроклинические исследования свидетельствуют о положительных сдвигах в диагностике ЮМЭ и изменении нашего представления об этом заболевании. Механизм чувствительности к закрытию глаз и фоточувствительности при ЮМЭ неизвестен, что является поводом для будущих исследований, чтобы уточнить их последствия, включая влияние на прогноз течения заболевания и роль в развитии фармакорезистентности. Однако, несмотря на характерную клиническую картину и прогресс современных нейрофизиологических методов исследования, вопрос о роли светочувствительности при этой форме эпилепсии остается проблемой для практикующих неврологов, а предложенные протоколы ЭЭГ нуждаются в модификации и более широком внедрении в реальную клиническую практику. Вариабельные световые и цветовые паттерны в телевещательном или видеоигровом материале с высокой скоростью изменения изображения высококонтрастных стимулов (более 3-х повторений в секунду) могут вызывать приступы у некоторых пациентов с ЮМЭ. Это требует изменения подходов к нейрофизиологической диагностике светочувствительности при ЮМЭ и использованию комбинированных триггеров при проведении видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинга.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To date, it has been shown that juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a common form of genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy. The study of neurophysiological factors that inhibiting and provocating photosensitivity on the electroencephalogram (EEG) in JME expands our understanding of this disease, which is important for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.</p><p>The purpose of this review is to analyze neurophysiological techniques that inhibiting and provocating photosensitivity on EEG in patients with JME.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We searched for full-text publications in Russian and English over the past two decades in the databases eLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, OxfordPress, Springer, Clinicalkeys using keywords: juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), diagnostics, neurophysiology, electroencephalography (EEG), eye opening, photostimulation, eye closure sensitivity, photoparoxysmal response (PPR), epilepsy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Currently, visual triggers such as eye closure, eye closure sensitivity (ECS)/fixation-off sensitivity, other than photosensitivity, are routinely used for EEG in patients with JME, but are rarely scientifically investigated for this pathology. However, it has been shown that ECS is present in 15–25 % of patients with JME. Trigger photostimulation is most effective for detecting photosensitivity in JME compared to intermittent (rhythmic) photostimulation. The frequency of photosensitivity in patients with JME is variable — from 30 % to 54 %. The exact mechanisms of these phenomena are still unknown. It is assumed that ECS and photosensitivity are expressions of hyperexcitability of the occipital cortex in JME.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The analyzed neurophysiological and electroclinical studies indicate positive changes in the diagnosis of JME and changes in our understanding of this disease. The mechanism of ECS and photosensitivity in JME is unknown, which is a reason for future research to clarify their consequences, including their impact on the prognosis of the disease and their role in the development of pharmacoresistance. However, despite the characteristic clinical picture and the progress of modern neurophysiological research methods, the question of the role of photosensitivity in this form of epilepsy remains a problem for practicing neurologists, and the proposed EEG protocols need to be modified and more widely implemented in real clinical practice. Variable light and color patterns in broadcast or video game material with a high rate of image change of high-contrast stimulation (more than 3 repetitions per second) can cause seizures in some patients with JME. This requires changing approaches to the neurophysiological diagnosis of photosensitivity in JME and the use of combined triggers for video EEG monitoring.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>юношеская миоклоническая эпилепсия (ЮМЭ)</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>нейрофизиология</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалография (ЭЭГ)</kwd><kwd>открытие глаз</kwd><kwd>фотостимуляция</kwd><kwd>чувствительность к закрытию глаз</kwd><kwd>фотопароксизмальный ответ (ФПО)</kwd><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME)</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>neurophysiology</kwd><kwd>electroencephalography (EEG)</kwd><kwd>eye opening</kwd><kwd>photostimulation</kwd><kwd>eye closure sensitivity</kwd><kwd>photoparoxysmal response (PPR)</kwd><kwd>epilepsy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genton P., Thomas P., Kasteleijn‑Nolst Trenité D. 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