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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2020-32-38-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-1822</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трифазные волны на электроэнцефалограмме у пациентов с энцефалопатией и их диагностическое значение. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Triphasic waves on electroencephalogram in patients with encephalopathy and their diagnosis significance. A review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., зав. отд. функциональной диагностики № 2</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синкин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinkin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., с. н. с., рук. группы клинической нейрофизиологии отделения неотложной нейрохирургии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ «Межрегиональный клинико-диагностический центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Autonomous Institution of Health ‘Interregional clinical diagnostic center’</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощи имени Н. В. Склифосовского ДЗМ г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>32</issue><issue-title>Современная функциональная диагностика (4)</issue-title><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранова Е.А., Синкин М.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранова Е.А., Синкин М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranova E.A., Sinkin M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1822">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1822</self-uri><abstract><p>Классическое определение, данное H. Luders, называет трифазные волны (ТВ) «генерализованным паттерном 1–2 Гц, состоящим из приблизительно одинаковых графоэлементов, представленных высокоамплитудной (&gt;70 мкВ) позитивной волной, окруженной двумя низкоамплитудными колебаниями отрицательной полярности». ТВ традиционно связывали с печеночной энцефалопатией, однако, они были описаныи при метаболических, токсических, структурных повреждениях мозга, а также при бессудорожном эпилептическом статусе (БСЭС).</p><p>В 2012 году Американское общество клинических нейрофизиологов, с целью стандартизации описания электроэнцефалограмм(ЭЭГ) предложило классификацию ритмичных и периодических паттернов (РПП), регистрируемых у пациентов с энцефалопатией. Её особенностью стало исключение терминов, имеющих клиническую коннотацию, а «трифазные волны» было предложено назвать «периодические разряды трифазной морфологии». Клиническое значение ТВ не специфично — они могут быть как маркером структурно-метаболических нарушений, так и признаками иктальности паттерна. Единственным способом дифференциальной диагностики их генеза остается длительное мониторирование ЭЭГ с пробным введением противоэпилептических препаратов (ПЭП). Такой подход позволяет своевременно начать терапию БСЭС, избегая при этом необоснованного назначения ПЭП.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Triphasic waves are high-amplitude (&gt;70 µV) positive sharp transients preceded and followed by relatively low-amplitude negative waves. The distribution is generalized and tends to have a repetition rate of approximately 1 to 2 Hz. This EEG-pattern is traditionally associated with hepatic encephalopathy, although they have been observed in a wide array of neurological disorders including subcortical white-matter disease, infections, metabolic disturbances and nonconvulsive status epilepticus.</p><p>American Clinical Neurophysiology Society suggested Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology (2012). One of the goals was to eliminate terms with clinical connotations, such as ‘triphasic waves’, a term that implies a metabolic encephalopathy with no relationship to seizures for many clinicians. The term ‘triphasic waves’ was replaced by ‘Generalized periodic discharges (GPDs) with triphasic morphology’. The clinical significance ofthese waveforms and their relationship with seizures and prognosis has been debated, and differentiation between interictal patterns, patternsassociated with seizures, and the patterns representing nonconvulsive status epilepticus have been concluded to be a challenge. In cases of uncertainty, the decision to treat should follow on a thorough evaluation with a continuous EEG monitoring and using a short-acting benzodiazepine or non-sedating antiepileptic drugs in order to discern the effects of the pattern on the patient’s clinical exam and EEG.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трифазные волны</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалография</kwd><kwd>бессудорожный эпилептический статус</kwd><kwd>энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>периодические разряды трифазной морфологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>triphasic waves</kwd><kwd>EEG</kwd><kwd>encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>nonconvulsive status epilepticus</kwd><kwd>periodic discharges</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luders H, Noachtar S.(Ed.) Atlas and classification of electroencephalography. Philadelphia. W. B. 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