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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2020-20-60-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-1657</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунотерапия при местнораспространенном, рецидивном и метастатическом раке головы и шеи: последние достижения и будущие направления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunotherapy for regional, recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer: recent advances and future directions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раджабова</surname><given-names>З. А.-Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzhabova</surname><given-names>Z. A.-G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, зав. хирургическим отделением опухолей головы и шеи</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>M. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-онколог хирургического отделения опухолей головы и шеи.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ординатор хирургического отделения опухолей головы и шеи.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекяшева</surname><given-names>З. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekyasheva</surname><given-names>Z. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ординатор хирургического отделения опухолей головы и шеи.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левченко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levchenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, член-корр. РАН, зав. хирургическим отделением торакальной онкологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии имени Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre of Oncology n.a. N.N. Petrov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>20</issue><issue-title>Диагностика и онкотерапия (2)</issue-title><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Раджабова З.А., Котов М.А., Митрофанов А.С., Бекяшева З.С., Левченко Е.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раджабова З.А., Котов М.А., Митрофанов А.С., Бекяшева З.С., Левченко Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radzhabova Z.A., Kotov M.Д., Mitrofanov A.S., Bekyasheva Z.S., Levchenko E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1657">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1657</self-uri><abstract><p>Три рандомизированных исследования III фазы в настоящее время убедительно доказали, что применение ингибиторов PD-I увеличивает общую выживаемость при рецидивирующей / метастатической форме (Р/М) плоскоклеточного рака головы и шеи, и что данные препараты должны использоваться в лечении всех пациентов, у которых нет противопоказаний к их применению. Два из этих рандомизированных исследований показали, что антиPD-1-антитела ниволумаб и пембролизумаб превосходят по эффективности терапию по выбору исследователя во второй линии терапии при платинорезистентном Р/M плоскоклеточном раке головы и шеи. Третье рандомизированное исследование III фазы, KEYNOTE-048, показало, что пембролизумаб в комбинации с химиотерапией превосходит по эффективностирежим EXTREME(цис- или карбоплатин, 5-фторурацил [5-Ф] и цетуксимаб) у всех пациентов независимо от экспрессии PD-L1, а монотерапия пембролизумабом, по сравнению с режимом EXTREME, достоверно увеличивает показатели ОВ у пациентов, у которых опухоли экспрессируют PD-L1 в первой линии терапии при Р/M плоскоклеточном раке головы и шеи. Пембролизумаб в настоящее время одобрен Управлением по санитарному контролю за продуктами и медикаментами США в первой линии в качестве монотерапии при наличии экспрессии PD-L1 (CPS≥ 1) или в комбинации с химиотерапией независимо от статуса PD-L1. Таким образом, тестирование биомаркера PD-L1 с использованием комбинированного показателя позитивности (CPS) будет использоваться при Р/M плоскоклеточном раке головы и шеи. Кроме того, для 85 % пациентов с экспрессией PD-L1 (CPS≥ 1) клинически будет необходимо определять выбор между монотерапией пембролизумабом или пембролизумабом в комбинации c химиотерапией до тех пор, пока не появятся более дополнительные клинические данные. В статье обсуждаются клинические исследования, которые привели к этим терапевтическим достижениям. Рассмотрены предварительные результаты клинических исследований при ранее не леченном местнораспространенном раке и те, в которых оцениваются новые комбинации ингибиторов иммунных контрольных точек, костимулирующих агонистов и терапевтических вакцин.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Three randomized phase III trials have now conclusively proven that exposure to a PD-1 inhibitor prolongs survival in recurrent/meta-static (R/M) HNSCC, and it is clear that such agents should be used in the management of all patients who do not have contraindications to their use. Two of these phase III randomized trials showed that the antiPD-1 antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab were superior to investigators' choice chemotherapy in second-line platinum-refractory R/M HNSCC. Recently, a third phase III randomized trial, KEYNOTE-048, showed that pembrolizumab with chemotherapy was superior to the EXTREME regimen (cis- or carboplatin, 5-fluoro-uracil [5-FU] and cetuximab) in all patients, and pembrolizumab monotherapy was superior in patients whose tumors express PD-L1 in first-line R/M HNSCC. Pembrolizumab is now approved by FDA as a monotherapy in PD-L1 expressing disease (combined positive score [CPS] ≥ 1) or in combination with chemotherapy for all patients with R/M HNSCC. Thus, PD-L1 biomarker testing will be routinely used in R/M HNSCC, and this employs a scoring system that incorporates immune cell staining, referred to as CPS. Additionally, for the 85 % of patients with PD-L1 (CPS ≥ 1), clinical judgment will guide the choice of pembrolizumab monotherapy or pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy, until more detailed clinical data are forthcoming to better inform this decision. In this article we discuss the clinical trials leading to these therapeutic advances and we will review initial results from clinical trials in previously untreated, locally advanced disease, and those using novel combinations of checkpoint inhibitors, co-stimulatory agonists, and therapeutic vaccines.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак головы и шеи</kwd><kwd>местнораспространенный рак</kwd><kwd>метастатический рак</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы иммунных контрольных точек</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы PD-1</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы PD-L1</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы CTLA-4</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>head and neck cancer</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomafaram I, et al. 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