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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medalphabet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский алфавит</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical alphabet</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2078-5631</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Альфмед»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33667/2078-5631-2020-20-54-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medalphabet-1656</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль нутритивной поддержки в лечении пациентов онкологического профиля, инфицированных SARS-CoV-2</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nutritional management in cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамеева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gameeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, зам. директора по лечебной работе.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitriev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, эксперт.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестопалов</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestopalov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт имени П. А. Герцена - филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский радиологический центр» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research Institute n.a. P. A. Herzen - a Branch of the National Medical Radiological Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ассоциация Северо-Западная ассоциация парентерального и энтерального питания</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NorthWestern Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Association</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальная ассоциация организаций клинического питания и метаболизма</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Association for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Organizations</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>20</issue><issue-title>Диагностика и онкотерапия (2)</issue-title><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гамеева Е.В., Дмитриев А.В., Шестопалов А.Е., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гамеева Е.В., Дмитриев А.В., Шестопалов А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gameeva E.V., Dmitriev A.V., Shestopalov A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1656">https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1656</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 создает беспрецедентные проблемы и угрозы для пациентов и систем здравоохранения во всем мире. Сообщается, что наиболее тяжелый исход заболевания и высокой уровень смертности наблюдаются у пациентов с ослабленным иммунитетом, а именно у пациентов с сопутствующими заболеваниями, пожилого возраста, при нарушении нутритивного статуса.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнен аналитический обзор публикаций последних лет, посвященных проблеме нутритивной поддержки онкологических пациентов, находящихся на амбулаторном и госпитальном лечении, в контексте пандемии COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Европейское общество клинического питания и метаболизма (ESPEN) и Американское общество парентерального и энтерального питания (ASPEN) опубликовали рекомендации, основанные на научных и клинических доказательствах, посвященные вопросам питания как части лечебного процесса у онкологических пациентов, включая инфицированных COVID-19. Онкологические пациенты в большей степени, чем больные другими заболеваниями, склонны к развитию нутритивной недостаточности (НН), которая усиливается при заражении COVID-19, и является фактором повышенной летальности. Онкологические пациенты cCOVID-19 представляют собой особую группу риска развития нутритивной недостаточности в результате сочетания инфекционного заболевания, опухолевого процесса и его лечения (химио-, радио-, таргетная и иммунная терапия). Пероральная нутритивная поддержка онкологических пациентов с наличием НН включает фиксированный суточный рацион питания (завтрак, обед и ужин) и фортифицированную (функциональную) пищу в виде перекусов, а также потребление перорального энтерального питания (ПЭП) или сипинга. ПЭП дает лучший клинический результат, чем рацион питания без ПЭП: растет вес, ИМТ, улучшается самооценка физического и эмоционального состояния пациентов. ПЭП включает специальные смеси из протеинов, жиров, углеводов, витаминов и микроэлементов. Для поддержания или восстановления тощей массы тела (ТМТ) у онкологических пациентов можно использовать целевые показатели потребления энергии и белка (суммарно: диета + ПЭП): 25-30 ккал/кг в день и 1,2-1,5 г протеина/ кг в день. Для поддержания иммунитета и улучшения клинических показателей целесообразно включать в состав ПЭП омега-3 ПНЖК (ЕРА + DHA) морского происхождения, а также витамин D. В ОРИТ у тяжелых пациентов целесообразно сочетать ПЭП и парентеральное питание (ПП) с использованием систем «три в одном», включающих аминокислотный раствор, жировую эмульсию c омена-3 жирными кислотами в составе и глюкозу с добавлением жиро- и водорастворимых витаминов и микроэлементов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Амбулаторным и госпитализированным онкологическим пациентам, инфицированным COVID-19 и имеющим нутритивную недостаточность или риск ее развития, необходимо обеспечить адекватную нутритивную поддержку на основе сбалансированного суточного рациона питания с дополнением пероральным энтеральным питанием (белковые высокоэнергетические смеси с микронутриентами, омега-3 ПНЖК и витамин D), а при необходимости - парентеральным питанием.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The new COVID-19 pandemics is posing unprecedented challenges and threats to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Patients with the worst outcomes and higher mortality are reported to include immunocompromized subjects, namely patients with comorbidities, elderly patients, and malnourished people.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. An analytical review of publications from recent years on the nutritional management of outpatient and hospital cancer patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemics was conducted.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) have published recommendations based on scientific and clinical evidence on nutrition as part of the treatment process in cancer patients, including those infected with COVID-19. Cancer patients are more likely to develop malnutrition than other patients, which is exacerbated by COVID-19 infection and is a factor in increased mortality. Cancer patients with COVID-19 represent a high-risk group for the development of malnutrition as a result of a combination of the infectious disease, tumor process and its management (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted and immunotherapy). Oral nutritional support for cancer patients with malnutrition includes a fixed daily diet (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and fortified (functional) snack foods, as well as enteral nutrition or sip feeding. Enteral nutrition gives better clinical results than a diet without enteral nutrition - weight and BMI increase, the patient s physical and emotional self-assessment improves. Enteral feeding includes special mixtures of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements. Energy and protein consumption targets (total diet + enteral nutrition) can be used to maintain or restore lean body mass (LBM) in cancer patients: 25-30 kcal/kg per day and 1.2-1.5 g of protein/kg per day. To maintain the immune system and achieve clinical benefits, it is advisable to include omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA) as well as vitamin D. In ICU for patients in a serious condition it is advisable to combine enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition (PN) with the use of three-in-one systems including an amino acid solution, fat emulsion with omega-3 fatty acids and glucose with added fat and water-soluble vitamins and trace elements.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Outpatient and hospitalized COVID-19-infected cancer patients with malnutrition or a risk of developing it should be provided with adequate nutritional support based on a balanced daily diet supplemented with enteral nutrition (high-energy protein mixtures with micronutrients, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D) and, if necessary, parenteral nutrition.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нутритивная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>онкологические пациенты</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>пероральное энтеральное питание</kwd><kwd>парентеральное питание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>malnutrition</kwd><kwd>cancer patients</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>enteral nutrition</kwd><kwd>parenteral nutrition</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloch A. S., Grand B., Hamilton K. K. et al. 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