medalphabetМедицинский алфавитMedical alphabet2078-56312949-2807ООО «Альфмед»10.33667/2078-5631-2020-1-21-27medalphabet-1420Research ArticleСтатьиРоль биометаллов в патогенезе и лечении болезни Паркинсона (обзор)Role of biometals in pathogenesis treatment of Parkinson's disease (overview)ПилиповичА. А.PilipovichA. A.

к. м. н., доцент

Кафедра нервных болезней Института профессионального образования

г. Москва

Moscow

ГолубевВ. Л.GolubevV. L.

д. м. н., проф. кафедры

Кафедра нервных болезней Института профессионального образования

г. Москва

Moscow

ДаниловАл. Б.DanilovAl. B.

д. м. н., проф., зав. кафедрой

Кафедра нервных болезней Института профессионального образования

г. Москва

Moscow

ТютинаР. Р.TyutinaR. R.

аспирант

Кафедра нервных болезней Института профессионального образования

г. Москва

Moscow

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)» Минздрава РоссииРоссияI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation20201106202001Неврология и психиатрия2127Copyright © Пилипович А.А., Голубев В.Л., Данилов А.Б., Тютина Р.Р., 20202020Пилипович А.А., Голубев В.Л., Данилов А.Б., Тютина Р.Р.Pilipovich A.A., Golubev V.L., Danilov A.B., Tyutina R.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-alphabet.com/jour/article/view/1420

Роль экзогенных факторов в возникновении нейродегенеративных заболеваний показана во множестве работ: о влиянии облучения, нейротоксикантов, пестицидов и других органических и неорганических веществ. Одним из интересных и перспективных направлений для изучения патогенеза нейродегенераций является анализ состава и соотношения микроэлементов в различных тканях и органах человека. Влиянию микроэлементов на развитие нейродегенеративных заболеваний, таких как болезнь Паркинсона (БП), болезнь Альцгеймера (БА), болезнь Гентингтона, боковой амиотрофический склероз, уделяется особое внимание, поскольку у таких пациентов обнаруживаются множественные нарушения в гомеостазе основных эндогенных биометаллов мозга (кальций, магний, цинк, железо, марганец, медь, и др.). С одной стороны, в клетке или ее компонентах, где металлы играют ключевую роль в биологических процессах, может возникать дефицит металла, с другой – металлы могут аккумулироваться в патологических протеинах, вызывая дисфункцию и гибель клетки. Протеиновая агрегация – общая черта всех нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Специфические изменения концентрации биометаллов в различных средах организма можно рассматривать в качестве ранних биомаркеров нейродегенераций. А выявление надежных биомаркеров считается первостепенной задачей для развития направления ранней терапии и профилактики заболевания, в частности БП. Изменение в распределении металла, клеточный дефицит и секвестрация в патологических протеинах – аномалии, на которые необходимо воздействовать при нейродегенерации. В настоящее время примерно 800 соединений используются или тестируются для лечения БП, из них примерно 250 имеют предполагаемые или установленные свойства хелатирования металлов (CuII, CuI, FeII, FeIII, MnII, ZnII), которые участвуют в дисгомеостазе при БП. Имеющихся на сегодня знаний о патогенезе наиболее часто встречающихся нейродегенераций, таких как БА и БП, еще недостаточно для разработки четких рекомендаций по терапии с помощью биометаллов и других микроэлементов, но работа в этом направлении активно ведется.

The role of exogenous factors in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases has been shown in many works: on the effects of radiation, neurotoxicants, pesticides and other organic and inorganic substances. One of the interesting and promising areas for studying the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration is the analysis of the composition and ratio of trace elements in various tissues and organs of a person. The influence of trace elements on the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is given special attention, since such patients show multiple disorders in the homeostasis of the main endogenous brain biometals (calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese, copper, etc.). On the one hand, in a cell or its components, where metals play a key role in biological processes, a metal deficiency can occur, on the other hand, metals can accumulate in pathological proteins, causing cell dysfunction and death. Protein aggregation is a common feature of all neurodegenerative diseases. Specific changes in the concentration of biometals in various environments of the body can be considered as early biomarkers of neurodegenerations. And the identification of reliable biomarkers is considered a paramount task for the development of the direction of early therapy and prevention of the disease, in particular PD. A change in the distribution of metal, cell deficiency and sequestration in pathological proteins are abnormalities that must be addressed during neurodegeneration. Currently, approximately 800 compounds are used or tested for the treatment of PD, of which approximately 250 have the expected or established chelation properties of metals (CuII, CuI, FeII, FeIII, MnII, ZnII) that are involved in dyshomeostasis in PD. Today's knowledge of the pathogenesis of the most common neurodegenerations, such as AD and PD, is still not enough to develop clear recommendations for therapy with biometals and other trace elements, but work in this direction is actively ongoing.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.